Total Vitamin B12 Research Articles

DNA Methylation Variants at HIF3A Locus, B-Vitamin Intake, and Long-term Weight Change: Gene-Diet Interactions in Two U.S. Cohorts.

The first epigenome-wide association study of BMI identified DNA methylation at an HIF3A locus associated with BMI. We tested the hypothesis that DNA methylation variants are associated with BMI according to intake of B vitamins. In two large cohorts, we found significant interactions between the DNA methylation–associated HIF3A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3826795 and intake of B vitamins on 10-year changes in BMI. The association between rs3826795 and BMI changes consistently increased across the tertiles of total vitamin B2 and B12 intake (all P for interaction <0.01). The differences in the BMI changes per increment of minor allele were −0.10 (SE 0.06), −0.01 (SE 0.06), and 0.12 (SE 0.07) within subgroups defined by increasing tertiles of total vitamin B2 intake and −0.10 (SE 0.06), −0.01 (SE 0.06), and 0.10 (SE 0.07) within subgroups defined by increasing tertiles of total vitamin B12 intake. In two independent cohorts, a DNA methylation variant in HIF3A was associated with BMI changes through interactions with total or supplemental vitamin B2, vitamin B12, and folate. These findings suggest a potential causal relation between DNA methylation and adiposity.

Holotranscobalamin Levels in Children withHelicobacter PyloriInfection

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin B12 levels and Helicobacter Pylori infection and to examine the clinical usefulness of holotranscobalamin (holoTC) measurement in children. Thirty patients between 6 and 15 years of age, who were diagnosed as H. pylori infected by C(14) urea breath test, and 26 controls were enrolled in the study. Tests for complete blood count, serum vitamin B12 and folate, plasma total homocysteine, and holoTC levels were performed in each patient in the study and control groups. Mean plasma holoTC concentrations were significantly lower in children with H. pylori infection before treatment (median 23.7 pmol/L (12.9-37.1 pmol/L)) versus after treatment (median 38.2 pmol/L (21.2-61.4 pmol/L)) and controls (median 36.1 pmol/L (12.6-58.7 pmol/L)). The findings of our study suggest that H. pylori infection has a reversible negative effect on vitamin B12 status reflected in a decreased level of plasma holoTC that normalizes upon treatment of the infection, while no change is observed in total plasma vitamin B12 .

Prospective Study of Vitamin B2 Intake and Colorectal Cancer

BackgroundDespite the involvement of vitamin B2 to regulate the one‐carbon metabolism and the immune system, only few prospective cohort studies have examined the association between vitamin B2 intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) reporting inconsistent results.ObjectiveTo examine the association between vitamin B2 intake and risk of CRC and to evaluate if the association varies by alcohol consumption and folate intake.DesignAmong 105,628 women and 44,527 men followed up to 2010 in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study, 3,285 cases of incident CRC were identified (2,359 women and 926 men). Vitamin B2 intake was measured by a validated food frequency questionnaire administered every 4 years during follow‐up. To estimate the association between vitamin B2 intake and CRC, Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the relative risks (RRs) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsVitamin B2 intake was associated with a borderline reduced risk of CRC among women (Ptrend = 0.03), but not among men (&gt;Ptrend = 0.73). The multivariate RRs (95% CI) for individuals in the highest quintile of total vitamin B2 intake (from food and supplements) compared to those in the lowest quintile were 0.89 (0.77‐1.03) in women and 0.98 (0.77‐1.23) in men. The associations were similar when stratified by alcohol consumption and folate intake.ConclusionsOur results suggest no strong association between high vitamin B2 intake and the risk of CRC.Source of research support : This work was supported by research grants CA136950, CA87969, and CA167552 from the National Institutes of Health.

Breakfast Cereal And Nutrition Education On Body Mass Index And Diet Quality In Elementary School Children: A Pilot Study

Abstract Objective: Skipping breakfast has been associated with an increased risk of obesity. This randomized controlled pilot study tested whether emphasizing breakfast consumption, in conjunction with nutrition counseling, would improve weight status and dietary quality in children. Design and Methods: Twenty children were recruited and randomized to a breakfast (BF, n=11) or control (n=9) intervention. Both groups received weekly group nutrition counseling for 12 wk but breakfast consumption was emphasized, and ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal provided, to BF only. Anthropometric measurements were taken weekly. Three-day food records were taken at baseline and endpoint. Results: Weight status did not change significantly, however, children in BF displayed an overall decrease in BMI (-1.0±5.1%) whereas children in the control group had an overall increase (1.1±7.2%) from baseline (P=0.52). Three-day food records (BF, n=6; control, n=5) revealed group x time interactions on total sugars (P=0.007), folate (P=0.05), vitamin B12 (P=0.03), sodium (P=0.05), niacin (P=0.009), and vitamin B6 (P=0.023). Except for sodium, BF had improvements in these nutrients relative to the control group. Conclusions: Preliminary data from this study show that the provision of RTE cereal with weekly nutrition counseling may positively affect intake of essential nutrients. The effects of breakfast consumption on weight status are still uncertain.

Abstract T P377: Vitamin B12 Deficiency - A Poorly Recognised and Treatable Childhood Stroke Risk Factor

Introduction: Risk factors in childhood stroke are multiple and causality hard to determine. Current guidelines recommend prothrombotic workup, yet yield is variable, often without therapeutic consequence. Raised homocysteine is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency (B12), which is not routinely measured. Hypothesis: We hypothesised that B12 deficiency is a treatable risk factor for stroke in children not reliably identified by analysis of homocysteine only. Method: We retrospectively reviewed paediatric stroke patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital from 2010-2014. All patients with plasma homocysteine measured as part of their prothrombotic workup were selected. All clinical data closest to stroke diagnosis were reviewed. B12 deficiency was defined as low total and/or holo (functional) vitamin B12 with/without raised methylmalonic acid (MMA). Parental prothrombotic workup and B12 status was analysed where available. Results: Of 134 patients, 61 had homocysteine levels, 20 were tested for vitamin B12 (age range 0-14.8 years), 14/20 for MMA. B12 deficiency was found in 7/20 with median age of acute stroke presentation of 1 day (25th percentile= 0; 75th percentile= 51days). Median age of stroke presentation in B12 replete group was 3.5 years (25th percentile=2.0;75th percentile=7.0years). There was a statistical difference in age of stroke presentation between the B12 deficient and replete groups (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.001). Raised homocysteine (10/20) was not sensitive in detecting B12 deficiency (sensitivity 42.8%, 95% CI 15.82-74.95). Two of seven had additional risk factors (1/7 iron deficiency, 1/7 MTHFR 667 homozygous). Seizures were the most common stroke presentation regardless of B12 status. Vitamin B12 (im) was given in 4/7 children and 3/9 parents (2 mothers, 1 father). Five of seven were breast fed. All treated parents were vegetarian. Conclusion: Our study suggests vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with early childhood stroke. Homocysteine alone is not a sensitive screen for this. Investigation with functional biomarkers such as holo B12 and MMA would allow for improved detection of a treatable risk factor in childhood stroke. Further studies may support this recommendation being added to guidelines.

Vitamin B12 – time to get active

Vitamin B12 deficiency is an important cause of neurological and haematological disease. The clinical signs are non-specific and haematological changes may be masked by concurrent iron deficiency. Serum total vitamin B12 (TB12) measurement is the recommended first-line test but the result can be misleading because of method biases approaching 30% and the presence of different circulating forms of this vitamin. Approximately 80% of vitamin B12 in blood is bound in inert complexes with haptocorrin (Hapto-TC). The remainder is bound with transcobalamin (Holo-TC or ‘active B12’) which is the active fraction that enters cells for metabolic reactions involving homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. An automated HoloTC assay has been developed and recently endorsed as one of the second-line tests when the TB12 result is low or equivocal. The Holo-TC assay may have better sensitivity and specificity. Falsely low serum TB12 results due to low Hapto-TC concentrations can be seen in pregnancy1 or in individuals with heterozygous haptocorrin deficiency.2 Conversely, some haematological disorders result in increased production of haptocorrin which can lead to falsely high serum TB12. In these settings the measurement of Holo-TC may prove a more effective test for diagnosis of B12 deficiency.

The Application of Holotranscobalamin and Methylmalonic Acid in Hospital Patients and Total Vitamin B12 in Primary Care Patients to Assess Low Vitamin B12 Status

The Application of Holotranscobalamin and Methylmalonic Acid in Hospital Patients and Total Vitamin B12 in Primary Care Patients to Assess Low Vitamin B12 Status

Effect of Different Extraction Methods on Vitamin B12 from Blue Green Algae, Spirulina Platensis

In the present study different methods of extraction of vitamin B12 from Spirulina are compared. Six different extraction procedures were carried out and their effects of on total vitamin B12 and the form of vitamin B12 are presented. The results of the extraction method using KCN for the total vitamin B12 and aqueous extraction for identifying the true form of vitamin B12 in Spirulina are reproducible. The use of cyanide converted all forms of vitamin B12 to a stable cyanocobalamin. Aqueous extraction helped in identifying the true form of vitamin B12 in the algae. Presences of vitamin B12 in the sample were compared by HPLC, microbiological, chemiluminescence and MS/MS methods. The results showed that the method of extraction influences the content of vitamin B12. Cyanocobalamin, a stable form of vitamin B12 was quantified in Spirulina using microbiological assay, chemiluminescence assay and gold nanoparticle based RNA aptamer analysis and found correlation among these methods.

Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Characteristics of Coconut Water from Different Varieties and Its Potential as Natural Isotonic Drink

Coconut water is known as a nutritious natural drink. It is not only considered functional, but also nutraceutical. Coconut water is widely used as isotonic drink or oral rehydration fluid, since it showed excellent rehydration index and blood glucose response in previous researches. The quality of isotonic drink is determined by its sugar content (as the source of carbohydrate) and electrolyte content. Moreover, its organoleptic properties should be able to stimulate the urge to spontaniously drink more. However, the processing of coconut water into isotonic drink usually applies ultra high or very low temperature which might deteriorate its nutrition value and organoleptic properties, causing the needs to use a considerable amount of food additives. There are plenty varieties of coconut in Indonesia, each produces different characteristics of coconut water. The objectives of this research are to compare the carbohydrate-electrolyte characteristics of coconut water, and also other essential characteristics from several varieties and to determine which variety is closest to the quality standard of isotonic drink. Therefore, isotonic drink can be developed with only minimum food additives. We compared Dalam Pangandaran, Genjah Salak and Hybrid PB121. The characteristics observed were total sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, potassium, sodium, magnesium, vitamin B1, vitamin B6 and vitamin C content, as well as pH, total soluble solids, clarity and colour. Coconut water obatined from Genjah (Dwarf) variety showed the more suitable characteristics for the development of isotonic drink. Thus the product can be developed by cold sterilitation process with minimum food additives.

Impact of MTHFR (C677T) gene polymorphism on antiepileptic drug monotherapy in North Indian epileptic population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are known to interfere with homocysteine metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia may be a risk factor associated in the long-term treatment with AEDs. Both genetic and non-genetic factors are responsible for hyperhomocysteinemia. MTHFR C677T. Polymorphism leads to the reduction in enzyme activity and subsequent elevation of plasma homocysteine. This study aimed to investigate the role of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in epileptic patients receiving AEDs as monotherapy (phenytoin, carbamazepine, and sodium valproate) and showing toxicity and non-toxicity, and the impact of AEDs on hyperhomocysteinemia in North Indian population.DESIGN AND SETTINGSBlood samples for this case-control study were collected from the outpatient department and wards of the Department of Neurosciences at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, between July 2008 and May 2010.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn this study, 200 epileptic patients and 100 normal controls were assessed for total homocysteine (tHcy), vitamin B12, and folate levels using enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method (ImmuliteR, 1000 systems, DPC, United States); genotyping of MTHFR C677T was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.RESULTSThe results showed a significant increase in tHcy levels in epileptic patients with toxicity and non-toxicity than in normal controls (P<.005). The allelic and genotypic distributions were found to be statistically significant in toxicity and non-toxicity groups (P<.05).CONCLUSIONThe result confirmed that hyperhomocysteinemia is common in adults receiving AED treatment for epilepsy with toxicity and non-toxicity groups. This increase in tHcy is mainly related to low folate and vitamin B12 levels, which are the main determinants for tHcy.

Effect of Semiarid Environment on Some Nutritional and Antinutritional Attributes of Calendula (Calendula officinalis)

Stressful environments have been shown to affect the metabolism in some plants. In the present study, we assessed whether semiarid environment (saline and saline alkaline soil) could affect the nutritional (total proteins, phenolics and riboflavin contents, and catalase activity) and antinutritional (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents) properties differently in different plant parts (leaves, flowers, and roots) of calendula. Although salinity decreased plant biomass, it did not affect total protein and phenolics contents in the calendula. All plant parts were rich in riboflavin contents. However, plants grown under saline-alkali soil had relatively more riboflavin contents in the flowers. Salinity increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in the flowers and roots, whereas saline-alkali soil did not affect it. Plants exposed to both saline and saline-alkali soil had greater catalase activity in the flowers and leaves. Plants exposed to salinity had higher malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the flowers compared with nonsaline and saline-alkali conditions. Nonetheless, the possibility of safely using different parts of calendula as nutraceutical was in the order flower &gt; root &gt; leaf. Overall, the results suggested that plant can be grown in mild saline-alkali (EC ≤ 7; pH = 8.5) soils without affecting its nutraceutical properties.

Evaluation of riboflavin intakes and status of 20-64-year-old adults in South Korea.

A recent Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey indicated inadequate riboflavin intake in Koreans, but there is limited research regarding riboflavin status in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to determine riboflavin intake and status of Korean adults. Three consecutive 24-h food recalls were collected from 412 (145 men and 267 women) healthy adults, aged 20–64 years, living in South Korea and urine samples were collected from 149 subjects of all subjects. The dietary and total (dietary plus supplemental) riboflavin intake was 1.33 ± 0.34 and 2.87 ± 6.29 mg/day, respectively. Approximately 28% of the subjects consumed total riboflavin less than the Estimated Average Requirement. Urinary riboflavin excretion was 205.1 ± 190.1 μg/g creatinine. Total riboflavin intake was significantly positively correlated to the urinary riboflavin excretion. (r = 0.17171, p = 0.0363). About 11% of the Korean adults had urinary riboflavin <27 μg/g creatinine indicating a riboflavin deficiency and 21% had low status of riboflavin (27 μg/g creatinine ≤ urinary riboflavin < 80 μg/g creatinine). Thus, one-third of Korean adults in this study had inadequate riboflavin status. In some adults in Korea, consumption of riboflavin-rich food sources should be encouraged.

Evde Sağlık Hizmeti Alan Yaşlı Hastalarda Beslenme Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi ve Beslenme Durumunun Laboratuar Parametreleri Üzerine Olan Etkisinin İrdelenmesi

Objective: Malnutrition and under nutrition are common phenomena in elderly. Prevalence of malnutrition is even higher in older people admitted to home health care services. Our aim was to evaluate the nutritional status and its effect on biochemical parameters of the elderly people admitted to home health care services. Methods: Our study was performed in 178 participants admitted to the home health care services. Validated Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) form was used and biochemical tests were performed. Results: Main age of the participants is 81.19±8.22 years and 32% of participants were male, 68% were women. According to MNA 33.1% were malnourished, 39.3% were under malnutrition risk and 27.5% were in normal nutritional status. Hemoglobin, total iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), vitamin B12, folic acid and lymphocyte levels were significantly lower, ferritin and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in malnutrition group. Total iron and albumin levels were significantly lower and CRP levels were significantly higher in under nutrition group compared to subjects with normal nutritional status. Conclusion: Elderly people given home care are under greater risk of malnutrition. If not appropriately managed, malnutrition is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Therefore it is essential to closely monitor the nutritional situational status of the elderly people who are admitted to home health care services

Abstract 15588: Dietary Choline and Betaine Intakes are Associated with Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events and Left Ventricular Mass: The Jackson Heart Study

Introduction: Acute choline deficiency in rodent models causes lipid accumulation in liver, heart and arterial tissues. Alternatively, some studies reported an association between increased blood concentrations of total choline and cardiovascular disease. Several mechanisms have been described through which dietary intake of choline and its derivative betaine may be associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Thus, we assessed the association between these two essential nutrients and cardiovascular risk. Methods: We analyzed data on food frequency questionnaire and baseline visit measurements on 3,924 Jackson Heart Study African American participants. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association between choline and betaine intake with carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calcium, abdominal aortic calcium, and left ventricular mass. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate associations between choline and betaine intake with time to incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Results: During an average seven years of follow-up, 129 incident CHD events and 100 incident stroke events were documented. Greater choline intake was associated with lower left ventricular mass (p = 0.0006 for trend across the choline quartiles, in women). After adjusting for cardiovascular disease risk factors including age, BMI, smoking, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, plasma creatinine, cholesterol fractions, plasma homocysteine and dietary variables (intake of total energy, alcohol, folate, methionine, vitamins B6 and B12), choline intake appeared to be protective against incident stroke in men, HR = 0.19 (0.04, 0.82), when comparing the third quartile of intake to the lowest quartile of intake. In women, unexpectedly, participants in the third quartile of betaine intake showed an increased risk of incident CHD, relative to the lowest quartile, HR = 2.06 (1.02, 4.18). Conclusion: Higher dietary choline intake was associated with decreased left ventricular mass in both men and women, and appeared to be protective against incident stroke among men. The observation of greater risk of incident CHD with higher betaine intake among women requires further investigation.

Dietary riboflavin supplementation improve the growth performance and antioxidant status of starter white Pekin ducks fed a corn–soybean meal diets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary riboflavin on growth performance and antioxidant status of white Pekin ducks from hatch to 21d of age. Different levels crystalline riboflavin (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.8, 3.5, and 7mg/kg) were supplemented to corn–soybean meal basal diet to produce 7 dietary treatments with different analyzed total riboflavin levels (1.69, 2.56, 3.37, 4.05, 4.73, 5.88, and 9.26mg/kg). A total of 448 one-day-old male white Pekin ducks were randomly allotted to 7 dietary treatments with 8 replicate pens of 8 ducks per pen. All ducks were raised in an environmentally controlled duck house from hatch to 21d of age. The mortality rate was 15.5% for ducks fed the diet with no supplementation of riboflavin compared with 0 to 1.6% for those fed the diets supplemented with riboflavin. As dietary riboflavin level increased from 1.69 to 3.37mg/kg, the body weight at 7, 14, and 21d of age, overall average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) increased linearly and quadratically (P<0.001), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased quadratically (P=0.003), reaching a plateau at 3.37mg riboflavin/kg for ADG and 4.05mg riboflavin/kg for ADFI and G:F and no response with further increases. The similar responses to increasing dietary riboflavin were also detected in plasma free riboflavin (linear and quadratic, P<0.001), liver free riboflavin (linear and quadratic, P<0.002), and liver flavin mononucleotide (FMN; linear, P=0.001; quadratic, P<0.001) in ducks, which indicated that tissue riboflavin and FMN may be sensitive indicators for riboflavin status. On the other hand, riboflavin deficiency had negative effects on antioxidant capacity of ducks. Compared with ducks fed the riboflavin-supplemented diets, ducks fed the riboflavin-deficient basal diet had greatest plasma malonaldhyde (MDA; linear and quadratic, P<0.005) and liver MDA (linear, P=0.06; quadratic, P=0.001) and lower superoxide dismutase activity in plasma (linear, P=0.027; quadratic, P<0.001) or liver (linear, P=0.008; quadratic, P=0.093). Furthermore, these ill effects may cause liver damage to ducks because the ducks fed basal diet also had the greatest activity of alanine transaminase (linear and quadratic, P<0.035), aspartate transaminase (linear and quadratic, P<0.001), and lactate dehydrogenase (linear, P<0.001). According to broken-line regression analysis, the riboflavin requirement of white Pekin ducks from hatch to 21d of age was estimated to be 3.01, 2.98, 2.79, 4.18, 3.63, and 3.59mg riboflavin/kg for ADG, ADFI, G:F, plasma riboflavin, liver riboflavin, and liver FMN, respectively. In conclusion, corn–soybean meal-based diet is riboflavin-deficient for ducks and supplementation of riboflavin at such levels in these diets could enhance riboflavin and antioxidant status and growth performance of ducks.

Evaluating the micronutrient status of women of child-bearing age living in the rural disaster areas one year after Wenchuan Earthquake.

Populations with special physiological state, such as pregnant, nursing and women of child-bearing age, have been identified as nutritionally vulnerable during natural disaster. The objective of this survey was to evaluate the prevalence of anaemia and micronutrient status of women of reproductive age in April 2009 one year after the Wenchuan Earthquake. The survey recruited 58 pregnant, 66 lactating and 242 women of child-bearing age from 19 to 45 years. The concentrations of haemoglobin in whole blood and ferritin and micronutrients in serum were assayed. Among the three groups (pregnant, nursing and child-bearing women), respectively, the prevalence of anaemia was 29.1%, 25.5% and 28.8%; that of iron deficiency was 45.4%, 49.0% and 52.9%; and that of zinc deficiency was 45.4%, 23.0% and 33.5%. The sum of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was more than 90% in each group, and the total vitamin B12 deficiency and marginal deficiency prevalence percentages were 47.3%, 17.7% and 35.7%, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and marginal deficiency was 1.8% and 9.1% in pregnant women, 6.1% and 15.2% in nursing women and 8.6% and 21.3% in women of child-bearing age, respectively. Our findings indicated that the micronutrient status of women of reproductive age was poor in the disaster areas. Therefore, improving the micronutrient status of these women should be an urgent priority in these areas.

Effects of second-generation antipsychotics on selected markers of one-carbon metabolism and metabolic syndrome components in first-episode schizophrenia patients.

PurposeAlterations in one-carbon metabolism (OCM) have been repeatedly reported in schizophrenia. However, there is a scarcity of studies addressing the effects of antipsychotics on selected OCM markers in schizophrenia and provided results are inconsistent.MethodsWe recruited 39 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and determined serum profile of total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, vitamin B12, lipoproteins and glucose at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment with second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) including olanzapine and risperidone in monotherapy.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment, all patients had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and tHcy together with significantly lower levels of folate and vitamin B12. The analysis of differences between SGA revealed the same biochemical alterations in patients treated with olanzapine as in the whole group, while those receiving risperidone had no statistically significant changes in serum folate, vitamin B12 and TG. There was a significantly higher increase in BMI and TC in patients treated with olanzapine in comparison with those treated with risperidone. Patients receiving olanzapine had a higher decrease in vitamin B12 than those assigned to the treatment with risperidone. Changes in folate, vitamin B12, tHcy and TC levels were significant only in males, even after Bonferroni correction. Multiple regression analysis revealed that changes in tHcy levels are associated with gender and baseline metabolic parameters (BMI, glucose, TC, LDL and HDL) but not with selected SGA.ConclusionsThese results indicate that SGA may influence OCM, especially in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) males.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00228-014-1762-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

28. Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using Metformin View session detail (1087-P)

Metformin use is associated with a vitamin B12 deficiency. The influence of both duration and dose of metformin use on vitamin B12 deficiency is unclear. Mostly total vitamin B12 is used as a marker for vitamin B12 deficiency

Dietary one-carbon nutrient intake and risk of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms: results of the Netherlands cohort study.

Previous epidemiologic research suggests a protective role of one-carbon nutrients in carcinogenesis. Folate, however, may play a dual role in neoplasms development: protect early in carcinogenesis and promote carcinogenesis at a later stage. We prospectively examined associations between intake of total folate, methionine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and risk of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms (including subtypes) and investigated whether alcohol modified the effects of folate. The Netherlands Cohort Study consists of 120,852 individuals who completed a baseline questionnaire in 1986, including a 150-item food-frequency questionnaire. After 17.3 years of follow-up, 1,280 cases of lymphoid and 222 cases of myeloid neoplasms were available for analysis. Intakes of folate, methionine, and riboflavin were not associated with lymphoid or myeloid neoplasms. For vitamin B6, a statistically significantly increased myeloid neoplasms risk was observed (highest vs. lowest quintile: HR = 1.87; 95% confidence intervals, 1.08-3.25). When analyzing by lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms subtypes, no clear associations were observed for most subtypes, with just a few increased risks for some subtypes and nutrients. Some risks became nonsignificant after excluding early cases. No interaction between alcohol and folate was observed. We observed a few significant positive associations; however, some of these would be expected to arise due to chance alone. Furthermore, some risks became nonsignificant after excluding early cases. Therefore, we conclude that there is no association between one-carbon nutrient intake and risk of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms. This study contributes substantially to the limited and inconclusive evidence on the association with one-carbon nutrients.

Domain specific changes in cognition at high altitude and its correlation with hyperhomocysteinemia.

Though acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia is reported to impair cognitive performance, the effects of prolonged exposure on different cognitive domains have been less studied. The present study aimed at investigating the time dependent changes in cognitive performance on prolonged stay at high altitude and its correlation with electroencephalogram (EEG) and plasma homocysteine. The study was conducted on 761 male volunteers of 25–35 years age who had never been to high altitude and baseline data pertaining to domain specific cognitive performance, EEG and homocysteine was acquired at altitude ≤240 m mean sea level (MSL). The volunteers were inducted to an altitude of 4200–4600 m MSL and longitudinal follow-ups were conducted at durations of 03, 12 and 18 months. Neuropsychological assessment was performed for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), attention, information processing rate, visuo-spatial cognition and executive functioning. Total homocysteine (tHcy), vitamin B12 and folic acid were estimated. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) showed temporal increase in the percentage prevalence of MCI from 8.17% on 03 months of stay at high altitude to 18.54% on 18 months of stay. Impairment in visuo-spatial executive, attention, delayed recall and procedural memory related cognitive domains were detected following prolonged stay in high altitude. Increase in alpha wave amplitude in the T3, T4 and C3 regions was observed during the follow-ups which was inversely correlated (r = −0.68) to MMSE scores. The tHcy increased proportionately with duration of stay at high altitude and was correlated with MCI. No change in vitamin B12 and folic acid was observed. Our findings suggest that cognitive impairment is progressively associated with duration of stay at high altitude and is correlated with elevated tHcy in the plasma. Moreover, progressive MCI at high altitude occurs despite acclimatization and is independent of vitamin B12 and folic acid.