Amount Of Total Production Research Articles

Automated fabric inspection system development aided with convolutional autoencoder-based defect detection

Industrial automatic fabric inspection system, a critical technology in the industry, enhances both total production quantity and quality compared to conventional inspection techniques. This study aims to create a reliable and effective real-time automated visual inspection system for fabrics, focusing on defect detection. The goals of the study can be stated as; installing a system with advanced technology for capturing and processing images swiftly, the development and deployment of a system capable of autonomously learning and scanning fabrics in use, and the creation of a smart framework for accurate fabric defect detection and classification. We focus on the development of unsupervised fabric defect detection using a convolutional autoencoder model, and defect classification using a convolutional neural network model, which takes input as the feature vector generated by the convolutional autoencoder. The experimental outcomes have displayed significant success rates in both detecting defects and classifying them, confirming the effectiveness of the framework in real-time visual inspection systems.

Power-law productivity of highly biodiverse agroecosystems supports land recovery and climate resilience

Transformative change in primary food production is urgently needed in the face of climate change and biodiversity loss. Although there are a growing number of studies aimed at global policymaking, actual implementations require on-site analyses of social feasibility anchored by ecological rationale. This article reports the in-depth characterizations of low-input mixed polyculture of highly diverse crops managed on the self-organization of ecosystems, which performed better compared to conventional monoculture methods in Japan and Burkina Faso. Analyses on crop productivity and diversity showed that the primary production of ecosystems followed a power law, and through the underlying mechanisms excelled in (1) promoting diversity and total quantity of products along with the rapid increase of in-field biodiversity, especially useful for the recovery of local regime shift in a semi-arid environment; (2) a fundamental reduction of inputs and environmental load; and (3) ecosystem-based autonomous adaptation of the crop portfolio to climatic variability. The overall benefits imply substantial possibilities of a new typology of sustainable farming for smallholders sensitive to climate change, which could overcome the historical trade-off between productivity and biodiversity based on the human-guided augmentation of ecosystems.

Economic Foundations and Prospects for The Use of Environmentally Safe Biofertilizer from Wastewater Sludge: The Case of Russia

The article presents conclusions based on the results of analytical and experimental work devoted to the formation of economic foundations and the determination of prospects for the use of environmentally safe biofertilizer from wastewater sludge. In Russia, wastewater sludge production is estimated at 2.5 million tons of dry matter per year and accounts for 30-45% of the total amount of production and consumption waste. The purpose of this article is to develop the composition of an organic fertilizer from wastewater sludge, an economic justification for the feasibility and experimental confirmation of the safety of using the resulting fertilizer in soils. Based on analytical studies of wastewater sludge processing directions, the capacity and needs of the biofertilizer market, a comparative analysis of the main producers and consumers of these products, an economic justification for the feasibility of producing biofertilizer from wastewater sludge is presented. As a result of comparative studies, a fertilizer was created from wastewater sludge and sunflower husks. Fertilizer has a positive effect on the growth and development of plants. Using the example of peas of the Alpha variety, it was found that with a 1:1 component ratio and a 20% dose of soil application, the biomass of the root system increased by 18.5%, the root length by 54.6%, and the stem length by 77.1%. The germination of pea seeds has increased by 2 times. The germination energy corresponded to the control indicator. Experimental samples of a new biofertilizer from WS and sunflower husks comply with the requirements of GOST 59 748-2021 «Technical principles of wastewater sludge treatment» and SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 «Hygienic standards and requirements for ensuring the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors to humans». With the identified demand for biofertilizers, a net profit of 191350 thousand rubles is planned with a payback period of 5.7 years. The net present value of the project will amount to 23919 thousand rubles with an internal rate of return of 30.3%.

Blessing or curse? Impact of incomplete information in a networked cournot competition

Networked markets are prevalently seen in different industries. Current research mainly focuses on settings with a transparent network. However, in many applications, firms choose their actions without fully knowing their competitors’ information. This study examines oligopolies in networked markets when firms’ production costs are incomplete information. We characterize the unique Bayesian equilibrium supply quantities for any given network under incomplete information. Our results connect the equilibrium outcome with the underlying competition and information structures. We find that when the production cost of a firm is high, incomplete information helps increase its total production quantity. In contrast, the impact is the opposite in the presence of low production costs. However, the impact of incomplete information on a firm’s supply allocation on each edge depends not only on its production cost but also on the network position of the edge. We also find that, unlike the case in single-market, the low-cost firm always suffers from incomplete information, while the high-cost firm benefits from incomplete information only under certain conditions. Moreover, we show that changes in global network structure that do not directly relate to a firm may alter its information preference. We study several extensions and find that not only do firms with cost advantage prefer complete information, but those high-cost firms with smaller cost disadvantages are also more likely to prefer a transparent competition environment. The case of heterogeneous logistic costs is also considered, and we show that for firms of high-cost type, the logistic cost advantage may hedge its benefit from incomplete information. Our findings imply that a firm has to consider not only its own cost type and local competition but also the global network structure to determine its preference for information structure. Moreover, our results may be helpful to the market regulator that, when promoting information transparency, firms with better production technology are more likely to support the movement.

Proposing a carbon emission responsibility allocation method with benchmark approach

Scientific and feasible carbon emission sharing responsibility approach is essential to leading carbon emission reduction from both producer and consumer side. Shortcomings in existing production-based, consumption-based, and certain shared method were reviewed. This study proposed a novel carbon emission responsibility sharing method with benchmark approach, which could fit effectiveness, normalization, monotony, and feasibility principles. Two case applications on production side and consumption side were implemented in this study, to verify the feasibility of this method. Results indicate that benchmark approach is more feasible compared with previous approaches, and effective to leading carbon emission intensity-oriented measures from producer side without constraining total production quantity, and enhancing carbon emission quantity-oriented actions from consumer side. Establishment on benchmark value system and corresponding carbon emission reduction policy instruments are recommended to be researched in this future.

A linear stability analysis of instabilities with reactive flows in porous medium

Convection, diffusion, and reaction dynamics of radial displacement of reactive fluids undergoing second-order chemical reaction in a porous medium are modeled and understood numerically. In the case of iso-viscous reactants and products, reaction dynamics are examined to understand the effect of reaction rate after solving a system of convection–diffusion–reaction equations using a method of lines. Various temporal scalings for reaction characteristics like the total amount of product and width of reaction front are obtained in terms of the Damköhler number (Da) for the first time in this work. The generation of the product having different viscosity than the reactants results in a hydrodynamic instability called viscous fingering. The numerical technique based on hybrids of compact finite difference and pseudo-spectral methods is utilized, for the first time, for the linear stability analysis (LSA) of miscible viscous fingering induced by chemical reaction. The onset time of instability (ton) is found to depend on the reaction rate, and we obtain a stable zone sandwiched between two unstable zones in the Mc,ton plane for a fixed Péclet number and Damköhler number, where Mc is the log-mobility ratio. The results agree with existing numerical studies validating the novel LSA technique utilized.

Profit, productivity, and eco-efficiency of using Caucasian clover/ grass pastures in hill country farms

The following study was conducted to establish whether significant amounts of Caucasian clover-based pastures in hill country farms can increase eco-efficiency and profitability. Published data were used to predict the production of Caucasian clover-based pastures, based on weather data and soil moisture deficit prediction, for four sheep and beef farms with low rainfall in the South Island. Scenarios with 10, 20 or 30% of the flat and rolling areas improved with Caucasian clover/grass pastures were compared to current systems based on resident white clover-based pastures. A staged approach, to utilise the extra high-quality feed produced, used a sequentially process to improve productivity by increasing lamb finishing, higher hogget liveweight, better ewe nutrition or more beef finishing, depending on initial efficiency metrics. Timeto maximum production using an annual establishment programme of 5% of the target areas in Caucasian clover/grass mixtures took 4 to 6.5 years (10% and 30% respectively). Adding Caucasian clover/grass increased pasture production by 5.5% while product/kg DM consumed increased by 12.8% and profitability by 22% when either sheep or beef production were used to capture the extra amount and quality of pasture. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were increased by only 6.3%, resulting in more efficient meat production.

STATE PROBLEM OF BALANCING SEWING LINE OF INDUSTRIAL KNITTED PRODUCTS

Line balancing is always a big problem appearing in industrial production. Manual balancing of industrial sewing products takes a long time to give results, which depends on the experience of the sewing line manager, moreover, the efficiency is not necessarily optimal. Digital conversion will help find a solution to balance the sewing line more quickly, accurately, and optimally. This study presents the statements of the problem of balancing knitted garment lines in the industry with the line balancing process according to the method of Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST) and BSL-HUST-1 software, which is the software designed and built by our research group. For the balancing calculation, three groups of input data were defined for the comparison of balancing efficiency among the HUST method, the software method, and the method used traditionally by the companies. The line's capacity is determined as the total production amount in a shift, and the shift time is figured accordingly following each factory's rules. The total number of workers is an essential factor. Also, the cycle time is one of the important factors for balancing the sewing line.

Understanding stable/unstable miscible A+B→C reaction front and mixing in porous medium

The transport phenomena of A + B → C type reactive miscible front undergoing radial displacement in a porous medium are numerically investigated. For a stable displacement when the viscosity of fluids A, B, and C is same, the dependence of various reaction characteristics on the Damköhler number (Da) is analyzed. The total reaction rate is found to be a non-monotonic function of time depending upon Da, while the total amount of product follows the temporal scaling ∝ t f ( D a ). The viscosity contrast in the system renders unstable flow and results in a hydrodynamic instability called viscous fingering. The effect of hydrodynamics on the reaction product formation is discussed. An insight into the reaction characteristics due to interaction of chemical reaction and instability is obtained for various log-mobility ratios R b and R c. It is observed that the onset of instability, as well as the mixing of the fluids, depends on whether the reaction generates a high or less viscous product or equivalently, the sign of | R b − R c |, keeping Rb fixed. Furthermore, the relation between the first moment of averaged reaction rate for stable and unstable displacement is influenced by the sign of | R b − R c | and Da. The coupling of convection and diffusion on the chemo-hydrodynamic instability is presented, and the existence of the frozen fingers in this reactive fluid system is reported. Our numerical results allow us to understand how instability and chemical reaction interplay to affect the reaction characteristics and the mixing of fluids.

Live streaming platform operations and coordination under the cap-and-trade regulation: Platform-enabled mode versus platform-agency mode

We consider a supply chain consisting of a supplier and a manufacturer where the manufacturer sells its products directly or through a live streaming platform (LSP). Operating in either the platform-enabled and platform-agency mode under the cap-and-trade regulation, the platform has platform power that reflects its ability to expand the market size. We find that the optimal production quantity in the platform-agency mode may decrease with the cap and platform power. The supplier and manufacturer can always be coordinated under the wholesale price contract in the platform-enabled mode. However, in the platform-agency mode, the two firms can be coordinated under low or high platform power, but whether coordination is achieved under moderate platform power depends on the unit carbon emissions of the products. If the platform power is low or high, the platform-enabled mode yields more total production quantity; otherwise, the platform-agency mode yields more total production quantity. Whether the platform-enabled or platform-agency mode generates a higher profit for the manufacturer highly depends on the promotion cost. By considering product investment and sales effort, we find the following: (i) When considering product investment, the supplier and manufacturer cannot be coordinated under the wholesale price contract in either mode. (ii) When considering sales effort, the firms can be coordinated in the platform-enabled mode, while in the platform-agency mode, whether they can be coordinated under the wholesale price contract depends on the cost coefficient and the unit carbon emissions of the products.

PROSPECTS FOR REGIONAL FISH FARMING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Ability to meet the demands of the population in fish and fish products and its food security is one of the most acute problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
 Objective – the current state of the fisheries of the Republic of Kazakhstan was studied and proposals for the development of the fisheries in the West Kazakhstan region were made.
 Methods – statistical methods of data analysis were used to study the state of the fisheries of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and exclusively the catch of fish and other aquatic animals, as well as the dependency of the physical volume of fish farming production from the total amount of products made. 
 Results - the study discusses topical issues of the production capacity of fisheries and fish canneries, by types and volumes of output products, economic indicators, as well as by enterprises engaged in the purchase and sale of fish products, wholesale and retail trade, problems of marketing research in the field of fish products production and safety.
 Conclusions - creation of the laboratories and fish breeding in autonomous facilities will allow development of the innovative technologies for rearing, preservation, and replenishment of fish resources in water bodies of the region, will provide a training base for the future specialists training, will create prerequisites for preservation and multiplication of fish resources in Kazakhstan, will improve the food security of the country, and will resolve the key problems of the fish industry development.
 Artificial fish farming involves interfering with the development of organisms to increase their production, such as regular restocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc.

Forecasting area, productivity and prices of mango in Valsad District of Gujarat: Time series analysis

Mango on an average account approximately 75 per cent of total production quantity. India is the largest mango producer, accounting for about half of the world-wide mango production. Forecasting of area, production and price fluctuations are the key to provide support in decision making and proper planning for sustainable growth of farmers and other people who are dependent on horticulture. The prices of mango are affected by cultivated area and yield of mango but in other ways pre or post-harvest management also affects it. The problems regarding the price fluctuations arise due to seasonality in arrival and its perishable nature. Therefore, the present study was carried out with time series intervention modelling in forecasting area, productivity and prices of mangoes. In the current investigation, simple exponential smoothing (SES) implemented to develop the forecasting models for area and productivity of mango. Under the SES, the error measurements at different values of alpha (a) for forecasting of area and productivity were observed that the value 0.8 and 0.9 of alpha (a) showed minimum Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) error i.e. 3.11 per cent, and 12.73 per cent, respectively. The study also developed time series ARIMA models for forecasting the prices of the mango (Keshar and Alphonso) for Valsad markets of Gujarat. It was showed that ARIMA (6, 1, 2) and ARIMA (1, 1, 2) were found good models for forecasting the prices of the Keshar and Alphonso, respectively in Valsad district of Gujarat

A Key to Uncover the Envelop of Backwardness of Sugar Industry in Bangladesh: An Application of Regression Analysis

In this paper, an effort is taken to fish out the inherent backwardness of sugar industry in Bangladesh by applying the multiple regression analysis. The prime objective of the research is to describe the present situation of backwardness of production level and to find out a technique to increase the production level of sugar mills in Bangladesh. Data is chosen from secondary sources i.e. performance reports, annual reports of the selected sample sugar mills and reports of the BSFIC. The total sugar production (Yprod.) is treated as dependent variable and LSM = XLSM (loss of sugar in molasses), RMC = XRMC (Repair and maintenance cost), MH = XMH (Machine hours), UEU = XUEU (Units of energy used) and RR = XRR (Recovery rate) are selected independent variables under the study period. It is implied from analysis that 1 percent decrease in loss of sugar in molasses would result in 7939.63 units upturn in the gross output of sugar if the other factors remain to keep unchanged in the mean position. The coefficient of MH, UEU and RR was found significant at 1 percent level by positive sign indicating these variables had positive impact on sugar production process. It also indicated that 1 percent increase in MH, UEU and RR would result in 3.49 units, 56.59 units and 1174.73 units total production of sugar respectively if other components holding unchanged position at the mean level for each of the variables including in the model. So that the management could increase the amount of total production 9137.63 units by taking the necessary action to increase 1 percent of recovery rate (RR) and at the same time to decrease 1 percent of loss of sugar in molasses (LSM) under the technical arrangement of production procedure of sugar.

Proposal Yager Ranking Function to Solve the Fuzzy Transportation Model via Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number

Transportation theory is the name given to the study of optimal transportation (OT) and resource allocation in mathematics and economics. In any discipline of science and technology, engineering, medicine, and management, uncertainty plays a critical role. Fuzzy Mathematics (FM) and fuzzy logic (FL) are used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to process natural language and are frequently employed in decision making (DM). In this paper, using three ranking function to treat the fuzzy transportation model, two of them are Yager and Maleki ranking functions and the other is proposal and suggest depend up on of Yager ranking function based on trapezoidal fuzzy membership function when the total demand, cost of transportation, and the total amount of product (supply) are fuzzy, then the fuzzy model shrinkage to traditional or crisp model. Finally solving these models to the real data that we got it from The General Company for Food Products Abo ghreeb / Iraq.

Effects of gravity modulation on the dynamics of a radial A+B→C reaction front

The dynamics of radial A+B→C reaction fronts can be affected by buoyancy-driven convection. Motivated by recent advances in reaction-diffusion–advection (RDA) systems theory, we investigated experimentally a radial A+B→C RDA system under modulated gravity, using a Hele-Shaw cell setup onboard a parabolic flight. We evaluated characteristic properties of the RDA models, such as the temporal evolution of the total amount of product C, the width and position of the reaction front and compared them with theoretical predictions. During increased gravity, we observed an increase in both the total amount of product C formed and the front width, compared to the corresponding normal-gravity experiments, caused by the stronger buoyancy-driven convection. Finally, we report on experiments performed entirely in absence of gravity, eliminating buoyancy-driven convection. Despite the short observation time, comparison with ground experiments showed the effect of buoyant convection on radial RDA fronts, enhancing mixing and increasing product generation.

Online Finance in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain with a Capital-Constrained Manufacturer

This paper investigates a dual-channel supply chain which consists of a capital-constrained manufacturer and an e-commerce platform. The manufacturer sells its products through an offline direct channel and an online platform. The platform can serve as a marketplace or a reseller for the manufacturer, while the platform provides online finance to the manufacturer. We discuss the equilibrium decisions of the manufacturer and the platform when the platform serves as two different roles. We find that when the total production quantity of the manufacturer who with an online marketplace channel exceeds a threshold, the manufacturer tends to choose the platform’s marketplace role for the online channel, unless the wholesale price and the upper limit of demand are high. When production quantity is below this threshold, unless the wholesale price and the upper limit of demand are low, the manufacturer tends to choose the platform’s reseller role for the online channel. The platform tends to choose the role whose production quantity exceeds the threshold. If both are exceeded, the platform chooses the marketplace role when the wholesale price is low, and if both are not exceeded, the marketplace role is better when the wholesale price is high.

Marketplace or reselling: the pricing decisions and face value of the coupons under the Cap‐and‐Trade regulation

AbstractThis paper considers a manufacturer selling his products with the marketplace or the reselling mode under the cap‐and‐trade regulation. Coupons are allocated when selling the products. We explore the optimal decisions, the selection and the coordination with the two modes. First, we analytically find that the increase of the cap and platform power (commission rate) increases (decreases) the total production quantity and the optimal production quantity for coupon‐sensitive consumers, and interestingly find that it reduces (increases) the production quantity for coupon‐insensitive consumers when the sensitivity of the coupons is high. Furthermore, the optimal profit of the manufacturer first increases and then decreases with the cap when the emission intensity is low, and it increases with the cap when the emission intensity is high. Second, the marketplace mode creates more (less) profits for the manufacturer if the order‐fulfillment cost is low (high). Whether the marketplace mode or the reselling mode will generate more carbon emission depends on the commission rate and the platform power. Finally, the marketplace mode is not capable of coordinating the manufacturer and the platform at all times, while the reselling mode can coordinate the two firms after considering a coupon‐sharing contract under considerable platform power, and they can achieve Pareto improvement with a two‐part tariff contract under the generalized Nash bargaining framework.

The new challenge of partial oxidation of methane over Fe2O3/NaY and Fe3O4/NaY heterogeneous catalysts

As one of the most important gases that abundantly contribute to air pollution, methane becomes the most leading gas that challenges researchers to utilize it in more functional products such as methanol. In this study, the conversion process involved iron oxide species supported by sodium Y (NaY-Z) zeolite as the catalysts. This work highlighted the preparation of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 modified NaY zeolite to investigate their catalytic performance on partial oxidation of methane to methanol, with trace amount of oxygen (0.5% in N2), in a batch reactor. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET. The structure of NaY zeolite and its modified catalysts were confirmed. The pristine NaY-Z shows the highest activity followed by Fe2O3/NaY-3.52 (3.52 wt% of Fe loading) with high selectivity to formaldehyde (80%). Very high selectivity (∼100%) towards methanol was observed in the reactions on Fe2O3/NaY-1.70 and Fe3O4/NaY-2.55 catalysts, although the total amount of product was decreased. It was noticeable that Fe3O4/NaY-3.22 is an active catalyst and has good selectivity to methanol (70%).

The influence of inner packaging’s number cue on consumption

AbstractProduct packaging clues can lead to overconsumption and even obesity. While combined packaging represents a common packaging practice, it has not been addressed much in academia. To help clarify how marketers can optimize the relationship between the packaging’s number cues and consumption, this paper explores the effect of the quantity of inner packaging on consumption when the external packaging number is fixed. Across two experiments conducted in China, this study proposes that consumption increases with the number of the inner packages, while the total quantity of products is held constant and the Perceived Package Consumption Count acts as a partial mediator. For the restrained dieters, however, the effect of the packaging’s number cue on consumption disappears. The findings of this study have significant implications for consumers, marketers, and policymakers.

Dynamics of A+B→C reaction fronts under radial advection in a Poiseuille flow.

A+B→C reaction fronts describe a wide variety of natural and engineered dynamics, according to the specific nature of reactants and product. Recent works have shown that the properties of such reaction fronts depend on the system geometry, by focusing on one-dimensional plug flow radial injection. Here, we extend the theoretical formulation to radial deformation in two-dimensional systems. Specifically, we study the effect of a Poiseuille advective velocity profile on A+B→C fronts when A is injected radially into B at a constant flow rate in a confined axisymmetric system consisting of two parallel impermeable plates separated by a thin gap. We analyze the front dynamics by computing the temporal evolution of the average over the gap of the front position, the maximum production rate, and the front width. We further quantify the effects of the nonuniform flow on the total amount of product, as well as on its radial concentration profile. Through analytical and numerical analyses, we identify three distinct temporal regimes, namely (i) the early-time regime where the front dynamics is independent of the reaction, (ii) the transient regime where the front properties result from the interplay of reaction, diffusion that smooths the concentration gradients and advection, which stretches the spatial distribution of the chemicals, and (iii) the long-time regime where Taylor dispersion occurs and the system becomes equivalent to the one-dimensional plug flow case.