Total Phospholipids Research Articles

Lipid composition of blood plasma and epithelium of the jejunal mucosa in calves with dyspepsia and its correction

Enteropathology in newborn ruminants significantly affects the functional formation of the digestive tract, which induces complications in other organs and systems, reducing the resistance and productivity in recovered animals. It is also characterized by metabolic disorders, particularly lipids, which adversely affects the regenerative processes at the cellular level. The material for the study was 2-day-old calves, from which 3 groups of 6 animals each were formed. 1st group – control was made up of clinically healthy animals, 2nd group – calves with toxic dyspepsia which received traditional treatment and 3rd group – calves which were additionally orally administered a liposomal form of a 1% solution of BAD "FLP-MD". The lipid composition of blood plasma and the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the jejunum of calves was studied by the method of thin-layer chromatography on standard Silufol plates. The lipidogram of blood plasma in 30-day-old calves recovered from dyspepsia under traditional treatment regimen was characterized by dyslipidemia, which was manifested by an increase in total lipid content by 10.0% amid hypercholesterolemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia and a decrease in free fatty acids by 24.6% and phospholipids by 11.8%. Also, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin content decreasesd in the blood plasma. In epithelium of the jejunal mucosa, total lipid content decreased due to total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids. The restoration of total lipid content and individual fractions was found in blood plasma of calves that received additionally phospholipid-containing bio-additive "FLP-MD". Among the individual phospholipids phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine prevailed. In these calves, most of the lipid components in the epithelium of the jejunal mucosa were stabilized. In the future, we plan to investigate the content of total lipids in the blood and mucous membrane of the small intestine of calves.

Nonlinear effects of biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and soil microbial community composition under intensive vegetable production in South China

Biochar amendment in agroecosystems is proposed to mitigate the greenhouse (GHG) emissions and enhance multiple ecosystem services. However, it remains unclear whether and how various biochar amendment rates can influence soil microbial communities linking with GHG mitigation. In a two-year field experiment with five biochar amendment rates (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Mg ha−1), we determined cumulative GHG emissions, soil physiochemical properties and soil microbial community composition base one total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) under intensive vegetable production from Ultisols in southern China. Results showed that biochar amendment significantly decreased cumulative N2O emissions by 40–66 % during the whole study period (p < 0.01), whereas effects on CH4 emissions were inconsistent across the two study years. In addition, biochar amendment significantly decreased PLFAs and fungi/bacteria ratio by 4–31 % and 12–39 %, respectively. Annual global warming potential (GWP) was effectively reduced by biochar amendment, and random forest analysis showed that soil pH, C/N, humic acid (HA) and fungal PLFAs exhibited the highest mean predictor importance. The nonlinear correlations between the biochar amendment rate and GHG emissions mainly caused by soil pH, and the 20 Mg ha−1 biochar amendment rate was recommended because it produced the lowest GWP with the lowest economic costs. These findings demonstrated that various biochar amendment rates can differently alter GHG emissions and microbial properties under intensive vegetable production, which can provide new insights on optimal biochar amendment rates for GHG mitigation in agricultural production in China.

Effects of Nigella sativa Oil Fractions on Reactive Oxygen Species and Chemokine Expression in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells.

many previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of N. sativa total oil fractions, neutral lipids (NLs), glycolipids (GLs), phospholipids (PLs), and unsaponifiable (IS) in asthma patients. We therefore tested its effect on airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells by observing its ability to regulate the production of glucocorticoid (GC)-insensitive chemokines in cells treated with TNF-α/IFN-γ, and its antioxidative and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties. the cytotoxicity of N. sativa oil fractions was assessed using an MTT assay. ASM cells were treated with TNF-α/IFN-γ for 24 h in the presence of different concentrations of N. sativa oil fractions. An ELISA assay was used to determine the effect of N. sativa oil fractions on chemokine production (CCL5, CXCL-10, and CXCL-8). The scavenging effect of N. sativa oil fractions was evaluated on three reactive oxygen species (ROS), O2•-, OH•, and H2O2. our results show that different N. sativa oil fractions used at 25 and 50 µg/mL did not affect cell viability. All fractions of N. sativa oil inhibited chemokines in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the total oil fraction showed the most significant effect of chemokine inhibition, and had the highest percentage of ROS scavenging effect. these results suggest that N. sativa oil modulates the proinflammatory actions of human ASM cells by inhibiting the production of GC-insensitive chemokines.

Role of PPARγ in dyslipidemia and altered pulmonary functioning in mice following ozone exposure.

Exposure to ozone causes decrements in pulmonary function, a response associated with alterations in lung lipids. Pulmonary lipid homeostasis is dependent on the activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor that regulates lipid uptake and catabolism by alveolar macrophages (AMs). Herein, we assessed the role of PPARγ in ozone-induced dyslipidemia and aberrant lung function in mice. Exposure of mice to ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) resulted in a significant reduction in lung hysteresivity at 72 h post exposure; this correlated with increases in levels of total phospholipids, specifically cholesteryl esters, ceramides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphorylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, and di- and triacylglycerols in lung lining fluid. This was accompanied by a reduction in relative surfactant protein-B (SP-B) content, consistent with surfactant dysfunction. Administration of the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) reduced total lung lipids, increased relative amounts of SP-B, and normalized pulmonary function in ozone-exposed mice. This was associated with increases in lung macrophage expression of CD36, a scavenger receptor important in lipid uptake and a transcriptional target of PPARγ. These findings highlight the role of alveolar lipids as regulators of surfactant activity and pulmonary function following ozone exposure and suggest that targeting lipid uptake by lung macrophages may be an efficacious approach for treating altered respiratory mechanics.

A metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization study prioritizes potential causal circulating metabolites for multiple sclerosis

To prioritize circulating metabolites that likely play causal roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to estimate the causal effects of 571 circulating metabolites on the risk of MS. Genetic instruments for circulating metabolites were obtained from three previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the blood metabolome (N = 7824; 24,925; and 115,078; respectively), while genetic associations with MS were from a large GWAS by the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (14,802 cases and 26,703 control). The primary analysis was performed with the multiplicative random-effect inverse variance-weighted method, while multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted with the weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. A total of 29 metabolites had suggestive evidence of causal associations with MS. Genetically instrumented levels of serine (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.25–1.95), lysine (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01–1.38), acetone (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.02–5.90), and acetoacetate (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.14–5.34) were associated with a higher MS risk. Total cholesterol and phospholipids in large very-low-density lipoprotein were associated with a lower MS risk (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69–1.00; OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.68–0.95), but risk-increasing associations (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.04–1.40; OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.00–1.28) were observed for the same two lipids in very large high-density lipoprotein. Our metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization study prioritized a list of circulating metabolites, such as serine, lysine, acetone, acetoacetate, and lipids, that likely have causal associations with MS.

Multiple time-dependent pathophysiological changes in a rabbit model of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia.

High-fat diets (HFD) adversely affect organ systems. Several studies have examined HFD-related disorders in animals but only in a few organs and time points. Herein, we evaluated disease development with time-dependent HFD-induced pathological, cardiovascular, and morphological changes in rabbits with lipid metabolism similar to that in humans for 9 weeks. The body weights and waist ratio of the HFD group were higher than those in the control group. HFD significantly increased the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and phospholipid levels after 3 weeks. Liver enzyme levels increased with hepatomegaly, steatosis, and fibrosis after 3 or 6 weeks. RBCs and hemoglobin decreased, while platelets increased in the HFD group with atherosclerosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the aorta after 6 weeks. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening values decreased in the HFD group after 9 weeks. Creatinine increased with glomerulosclerosis in the kidneys of the HFD groups after 3 weeks, indicating renal dysfunction. Lipid accumulation was found in the pancreas after 9 weeks. Lipid accumulation and hypertrophy were observed in the adrenal glands after 3 weeks. Overall, our findings provide global reference data on the time-dependent effects of HFD on the body and may serve as a guide for future HFD risk prevention.

Modification of serum fatty acids in preterm infants by parenteral lipids and enteral docosahexaenoic acid/arachidonic acid: A secondary analysis of the Mega Donna Mega trial

Preterm infants risk deficits of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) that may contribute to morbidities and hamper neurodevelopment. We aimed to determine longitudinal serum fatty acid profiles in preterm infants and how the profiles are affected by enteral and parenteral lipid sources. Cohort study analyzing fatty acid data from the Mega Donna Mega study, a randomized control trial with infants born <28 weeks of gestation (n=204) receiving standard nutrition or daily enteral lipid supplementation with arachidonic acid (AA):docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (100:50mg/kg/day). Infants received an intravenous lipid emulsion containing olive oil:soybean oil (4:1). Infants were followed from birth to postmenstrual age 40 weeks. Levels of 31 different fatty acids from serum phospholipids were determined by GC-MS and reported in relative (mol%) and absolute concentration (μmol l-1) units. Higher parenteral lipid administration resulted in lower serum proportion of AA and DHA relative to other fatty acids during the first 13 weeks of life (p<0.001 for the 25th vs the 75th percentile). The enteral AA:DHA supplement increased the target fatty acids with little impact on other fatty acids. The absolute concentration of total phospholipid fatty acids changed rapidly in the first weeks of life, peaking at day 3, median (Q1-Q3) 4452 (3645-5466) μmol l-1, and was positively correlated to the intake of parenteral lipids. Overall, infants displayed common fatty acid trajectories over the study period. However, remarkable differences in fatty acid patterns were observed depending on whether levels were expressed in relative or absolute units. For example, the relative levels of many LCPUFAs, including DHA and AA, declined rapidly after birth while their absolute concentrations increased in the first week of life. For DHA, absolute levels were significantly higher compared to cord blood from day 1 until postnatal week 16 (p<0.001). For AA, absolute postnatal levels were lower compared to cord blood from week 4 throughout the study period (p<0.05). Our data show that parenteral lipids aggravate the postnatal loss of LCPUFAs seen in preterm infants and that serum AA available for accretion is below that in utero. Further research is needed to establish optimal postnatal fatty acid supplementation and profiles in extremely preterm infants to promote development and long-term health. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03201588.

STUDY OF THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF BLACK SEED OILON HYPERLIPOPROTENIMA

Hyperlipoproteiteinemia is well established as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases .. Lowering of serum liquids were found to be associated with tbe reduction in cardiovascular diseases .The aim of this study is to determine tbe effect of Nigel la sativa oil on the-serum lipids , Fasting blood glucose and w-ic acid in Hyperlipoproteinemia patients. Blood samples were taken from (30) patients suffer from Hyperlipoproteinemia and volunteered to take Nigella sativa oil .The blood samples from these groups were analyzed for measuring serum total choesterol triglycerides , phospholipids ,low density lipoprotei.n,fa.sting blood glucose and uric acid before and after taking Nigella sativa oil .The results revealed that Nigella sativa oil was shown to decrease significantly the levels of total cholesterol , triglycerides, phospholipids , LDL cholesterol and uric acid while there were no effects on VLDL -cholesterol and fasting blood glucose, it was also shown significant increase in the levels of HDL-cholesterol.

Predicting microbial responses to changes in soil physical and chemical properties under different land management

Microbial abundance and community structure can be altered directly and indirectly by soil physical and chemical characteristics which, in turn, can be influenced by land use management. This study utilized the cubist model to predict soil microbial communities based on soil properties at different depths and under different agricultural management in Dawson County, Montana, USA. A total of 538 soil samples were collected from three management treatments (control, no-tillage (NT), and no-tillage with livestock grazing in winter (NTLS)) from three depths (0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm). Soil physical and chemical properties and total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis were used to predict soil biological properties. Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), relative error (RE), mean bias error (MBE), and R squared (R2) were used to assess the performance of predictions. Results showed that the strongest correlation was between the total PLFA and soil microorganisms. Different soil chemical and physical properties were useful to predict soil microbial communities; ammonium-N, phosphorus, potassium, electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, bulk density, sand, and clay significantly correlated with most soil microorganisms. Results indicated that the cubist algorithm produced promising results to predict most soil microorganism responses to various treatments and depths. However, this model did not perform well when attempting to predict the ratio of bacteria to fungi. The most important variable to predict all soil microorganisms was the total PLFA, with >90 % effectiveness. These results imply that applying pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to predict soil microbial communities in areas with limited soil data and monetary resources shows promise.

Flux Behaviour, Rejection and Concentration Factors, and Energy Demand during Ultrafiltration of Sweet Buttermilk

This work aimed to study the flux behavior, rejection and concentration factors, and energy demand to establish the optimal conditions during ultrafiltration of sweet buttermilk to produce ice cream. The experiments were conducted with a UF25-PAN membrane at a transmembrane pressure of 0.2, 0.35 and 0.5 MPa, and a volume reduction ratio (VRR) of 2, 3, 4, and 5. Total protein, fat, ash, and dry matter contents, phospholipid composition, and acidity of retentates and permeate were determined. The increase in the VRR led to a decrease in the permeate flux and an increase in the energy demand, rejection, and concentration factors of the main components of sweet buttermilk. The highest values of rejection and concentration factors established for fat were 98.65% and 4.93, respectively. The permeate flux and energy demand increased with the rise in the transmembrane pressure. The total phospholipids increased 2.8 times at VRR 5 compared to the initial buttermilk. The use of VRR 3 gave the best ratio between the permeate flux, the energy demand, and relatively high values of concentration and rejection factors. The use of VRR 5 will enrich the ice cream to the greatest extent to obtain a product with the highest level of biologically active substances (proteins, phospholipids, minerals).

Influences of rock fragment content and vegetation on soil microbial communities

Soil microbial communities are key drivers of ecosystem processes and can be strongly affected by soil properties. While the effects of soil texture and aggregate have been well studied, the effect of rock fragment content (RFC) on soil microbial communities is still poorly understood, particularly in arid ecosystem. We examined the responses of soil microbial biomass and communities to RFC gradients using a randomized block experiment with four RFCs (0 %, 25 %, 50 % and 75 %, V/V) and four planting treatments (Artemisia vestita, Bauhinia brachycarpa, Sophora davidii and no plants) in Minjiang arid valley. We explored soil community composition identified by total phospholipid fatty acids, and edaphic properties after two growth seasons. In most of current planting treatments, total phospholipid fatty acids, bacteria, saprotrophic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly decreased under 50–75 % RFCs versus 0–25 % RFCs. Compared to non-planted treatment, plants prominently increased soil microbial biomass and altered microbial communities only in 75% RFC. The ratio of gram-positive bacteria to gram-negative bacteria remarkably reduced in 75 % RFC of non-planted treatment, while significantly decreased in soil with 0 % RFC beneath A. vestita and S. davidii. These variations in soil microbial communities could be explained by the changes in soil water content, available nitrogen, total phosphorus and plant biomass allocation to fine root. These results indicated that both moderate and high RFC conditions inhibited soil microbial development, while plant can promote microbial biomass in high RFC by improving edaphic physiochemical properties and alleviating environmental stresses. Moreover, soil water content and nutrient levels explained much of the variation in soil microbial communities in these stony soils.

The Framingham Study on Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Stress-Defenses: A Historical Review

The Framingham Heart Study (FHS) began in 1949 with the goal of defining the epidemiology of hypertensive or arteriosclerotic heart disease in the population of Framingham, Massachusetts, a primarily Caucasian suburb west of Boston with a population of approximately 28,000. The participants were without previous symptoms of heart disease and were followed for the occurrence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). The study documented a comprehensive medical history that included current symptoms, family history, past cardiac history, social history, and medications. The medical exam included diagnostic studies of chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (EKG), complete blood count (CBC), uric acid level, blood glucose, urinalysis, and venereal disease research laboratory test; Syphilis (VDRL). Serum lipids, recognized at the time to be associated with cardiovascular disease, were also measured. These included cholesterol, total phospholipids, and the Gofman’s Sf 10–20 fraction. Study participants underwent four examinations at 6-month intervals to document any clinical manifestation of CVD. The present understanding of the epidemiologic factors that influence cardiovascular disease risk (CVD-R) is based on the first report of study results at a 6-year median follow-up and numerous subsequent analyses of long-term follow-up data from the original Framingham cohort as well as their offspring. In this paper, we review the Framingham cohort study with regards to the risk factors of peripheral vascular disease.

Fatty Acid Spectra in Mesopelagic Fishes of the Myctophidae and Stomiidae Families Collected in the North East Atlantic

New data on the fatty acid compositions of the muscle tissues of the two most widespread families of the mesopelagic zone—the Myctophidae (Notoscopelus kroyeri and Symbolophorus veranyi) and Stomiidae (Chauliodus sloani, Stomias boa, Borostomias antarcticus, and Malacosteus niger) families—were obtained from the Irminger Sea (North East Atlantic). The fatty acids (FAs) in the total lipids (TLs), phospholipids (PLs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), and cholesterol esters and waxes were analyzed using gas–liquid chromatography with a mass-selective detector and flame-ionized detector (GC-MS and GC-FID, respectively). Species-specific differences in the FA/alcohol profiles of the studied fishes were revealed. A directed deep-vise trend in the changes in the content and performance of certain FAs for the studied species was found. Along with this, a general character of dominance for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), which were discussed as food tracers, was revealed. MUFAs in the muscle tissues included dietary markers of zooplankton (copepods)—20:1(n-9) and 22:1(n-11), the content of which varied in association with the species—such that the biomarker Calanus glacialis predominated in muscles of B. antarcticus and C. hyperboreus prevailed in other studied species. Different strategies of compensatory adaptation to depth gradient in lipid metabolism among the studied species were discussed.

Higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status during early pregnancy is associated with lower risk for depression at 12 months postpartum: The NuPED study

Perinatal depression can negatively affect the health of the mother and her offspring. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may play a role in the aetiology of depression. Therefore, we investigated the association of n-3 PUFA status during early pregnancy with perinatal depression among women living in urban Johannesburg, South Africa. For this prospective analysis, we analysed red blood cell (RBC) total phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total FA) of 242 pregnant women at <18 weeks’ gestation. We used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to identify women at risk for depression (EPDS score ≥9) at <18, 22 and 36 weeks’ gestation, and at 6 and 12 months postpartum. RBC EPA status was negatively (β=-0.22, p<0.05), and the AA/EPA ratio positively (β=0.24, p<0.05) associated with EPDS scores at 12 months postpartum. Higher RBC DHA and n-3 index were further associated with lower odds (OR=0.56 [95% CI: 0.32-0.91]; OR=0.63 [95% CI: 0.39-0.94]), while higher n-6/n-3 PUFA and AA/EPA ratios early in pregnancy were associated with higher odds for depression at 12 months postpartum ((OR=2.34 [95% CI: 1.12-4.97]; OR=1.02 [95% CI: 1.00-1.05]). Our results suggest that women with a higher RBC n-3 PUFA status during early pregnancy may be at lower risk for depression at 12 months postpartum.

Rapid biodegradation of atrazine by a novel Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens ZY and its effects on soil native microbial community dynamic.

An atrazine-utilizing bacterium, designated as ZY, was isolated from agricultural soil and identified as Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens. The P. ureafaciens ZY demonstrated a significant degradation capacity of atrazine, with the degradation efficiency of 12.5 mg L-1 h-1 in liquid media (at pH 7, 30°C, and the atrazine level of 100 mg L-1). The P. ureafaciens ZY contained three atrazine-degrading genes (i.e., trzN, atzB, and atzC) could metabolize atrazine to form cyanuric acid, which showed lower biotoxicity than the parent atrazine as predicted by Ecological Structure Activity Relationships model. A laboratory-scale pot experiment was performed to examine the degradation of atrazine by P. ureafaciens ZY inoculation and investigate its effects on the native microbial communities. The results exhibited that the P. ureafaciens ZY was conductive to the degradation of atrazine, increased the total soil phospholipid fatty acids at the atrazine level of 50, 70, and 100 mg kg-1. By using high-throughput sequencing analysis, Frateuria, Dyella, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia were considered as the most important indigenous atrazine-degrading microorganisms due to their relative abundances were positively correlated with the atrazine degradation rate. In addition, P. ureafaciens ZY also increased the abundance of atrazine-degrading genus Streptomyces and Bacillus, indicating that there may be a synergic relationship between them in the process of atrazine degradation. Our work provides a new insight between inoculums and native microorganisms on the degradation of atrazine.

Изменения в липидном и фосфолипидном спектре сыворотки крови при бактериальных кишечных инфекциях как предикторы развития синдрома раздраженного кишечника

Some patients develop irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after acute diarrhea of bacterial etiology (ADBE). There are isolated works that present data concerning the parameters of total lipids and phospholipids in intestinal infections. The features of changes in lipid and phospholipid spectra in relation to the prognosis of IBS development in ADBE has not yet been evaluated. Objective. To evaluate serum lipid and phospholipid spectrum in patients with ADBE and to determine its significance in the development of IBS. Materials and methods. The study was performed in a group of patients with ADBE aged 18–65 years (n = 50) who received inpatient treatment in 2021–2022 at the Adygea Republican Infectious Diseases Hospital. For laboratory verification of the diagnosis, a bacteriological method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a reagent kit “AmpliSens® AII screen-FL” were used. Blood sampling for lipid spectrum estimation was done on day 2–3 of the disease. The levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), apolipoprotein A1 (APO-A1) and apolipoprotein-B (APO-B) were determined by enzymatic colorimetric method. Serum phospholipids were also isolated and fractionated into lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine by a unified thin-layer chromatography using Sorbfil TLC plates and Sorbfil TLC densitometer. SPSS Statistics 26.0 program was used to process the obtained results. ROC analysis was used to estimate the probability of IBS development. Results. The study of total lipid spectrum in patients in the acute period of the disease revealed hypertriglyceridemia of 2.2 mmol/L (95% CI: 1.9–2.5), which was observed in 62% of patients. An increase in the level of phosphatidylcholine was observed in 90% of patients, lysophosphatidylcholine – in 56%, a decrease in the level of phosphatidylethanolamine – in 72%, and sphingomyelin – in 24%. Subsequently, within a month after convalescence, 16 (32%) patients developed IBS. For the parameters that were altered in most patients with IBS (cholesterol, TG, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine), ROC analysis was performed to assess the risk of developing post-infectious IBS. At a cholesterol level of 3.75 mmol/L and higher (AUC = 0.716 ± 0.086; p = 0.019), blood triglycerides 2.115 mmol/L and higher (AUC = 0.889 ± 0.051; p &lt; 0.001), phosphatidylcholine 63.8% and higher (AUC = 0.827 ± 0.058; p &lt; 0.001), phosphatidylethanolamine 14.3% and lower (AUC = 0.853 ± 0.055; p &lt; 0.001), a high risk of developing IBS was predicted. Conclusion. Based on the increase in the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine above or decrease in the level of phosphatidylethanolamine below the threshold values obtained by ROC analysis, it is possible to predict a high or low risk of IBS development in ADBE patients and to determine indications for timely preventive therapy of this pathology. Key words: cholesterol, triglycerides, lipids, bacterial intestinal infections, irritable bowel syndrome

Phosphorus limitation induced by nitrogen addition changed soil microbial community structure in a subtropical Pinus taiwanensis forest.

Soil microorganisms play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. How-ever, it is still unclear how the amount and duration of nitrogen (N) addition affect soil microbial community structure and whether there is a correlation between the changes in microbial community structure and their nutrient limi-tation status. In this study, we conducted an N addition experiment in a subtropical Pinus taiwanensis forest to simulate N deposition with three treatments: control (CK, 0 kg N·hm-2·a-1), low N (LN, 40 kg N·hm-2·a-1), and high N (HN, 80 kg N·hm-2·a-1). Basic soil physicochemical properties, phospholipid fatty acids content, and carbon (C), N and phosphorus (P) acquisition enzyme activities were measured after one and three years of N addition. The relative nutrient limitation status of soil microorganisms was analyzed using ecological enzyme stoichiometry. The results showed that one-year N addition did not affect soil microbial community structure. Three-year LN treatment significantly increased the contents of Gram-positive bacteria (G+), Gram-negative bacteria (G-), actinomycetes (ACT), and total phospholipid fatty acids (TPLFA), whereas three-year HN treatment did not significantly affect soil microbial community, indicating that bacteria and ACT might be more sensitive to N addition. Nitrogen addition exacerbated soil C and P limitation. Phosphorus limitation was the optimal explanatory factor for the changes in soil microbial community structure. It suggested that P limitation induced by N addition might be more beneficial for the growth of certain oligotrophic bacteria (e.g. G+) and the microorganisms participating in the P cycling (e.g. ACT), with consequences on soil microbial community structure of subtropical Pinus taiwanensis forest.

Effects of long-term irrigation on soil phosphorus fractions and microbial communities in Populus euphratica plantations.

Irrigation has been demonstrated to be effective in managing Populus euphratica plantations, but its impacts on phosphorus (P) availability and the soil microbiome have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we compared soil properties, P fractions, phosphatase activities, and microbial communities in the surface soil (0-20 cm) of P. euphratica plantations under both drought and irrigation conditions. We found that total P, labile P and moderately labile P all increased significantly under irrigation by 12.3%, 70.1%, and 3.0%, respectively. The increased levels of labile P were primarily driven by higher levels of NaHCO3-Pi, which increased from 1.9 to 12.3 mg·kg-1. Furthermore, irrigation markedly altered labile P composition and the relative levels of resin P, NaHCO3-Pi, and NaHCO3-Po were all impacted. Improved soil moisture increased soil phosphatase activity, suggesting that soil organic P (Po) mineralization was positively affected by irrigation. Moreover, we observed that bacterial diversity, fungal diversity, and alkaline phosphatase gene communities, rather than total microbial biomass carbon or total phospholipid fatty acids, were most explained in the dynamics of soil P fractions. Furthermore, we found positive correlations among inorganic P (Pi) and Bradyrhizobiaceae, Nocardiaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae, whereas negative correlations were found between Burkholderiaceae and Pi, highlighting the diverse functional bacteria involved in P cycling. Our study demonstrates that irrigation can increase soil P availability and supply capacity, with shifts in P composition closely linked to changes in soil microbial characteristics. Water management strategies that target the restoration of soil microbial communities may therefore improve soil quality and enhance soil P cycling.

A New, Rapid Method for the Quantification of Dolichyl Phosphates in Cell Cultures Using TMSD Methylation Combined with LC-MS Analysis.

Dolichyl phosphates (DolP) are ubiquitous lipids that are present in almost all eukaryotic membranes. They play a key role in several protein glycosylation pathways and the formation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors. These lipids constitute only ~0.1% of total phospholipids, and their analysis by reverse phase (RP) liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is challenging due to their high lipophilicity (log P > 20), poor ionization efficiency, and relatively low abundance. To overcome these challenges, we have introduced a new approach for DolP analysis by combining trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSD)-based phosphate methylation and HRMS analysis. The analytical method was validated for its reproducibility, sensitivity, and accuracy. The established workflow was successfully applied for the simultaneous characterization and quantification of DolP species with different isoprene units in lipid extracts of HeLa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

Graduate Student Literature Review: A scoping review on the impact of consumption of dairy products on phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in circulation and the liver in human studies and animal models.

Dairy consumption is inversely related to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in epidemiological research. One proposed hypothesis is that phospholipid (PL) species associated with dairy consumption mediate this relationship. This scoping review aimed to identify the existing literature in animal and human trials investigating the impact of dairy products, including milk, yogurt, and cheese as well as dairy-derived PL supplementation on PL and its species in the circulation, summarizing the characteristics of these studies and identifying research gaps. A systematic search was conducted across 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) in March 2021. Of 2,427 identified references, 15 studies (7 humans and 8 animal studies) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final narrative synthesis. The evidence base was heterogeneous, involving a variety of clinical and preclinical studies, metabolically healthy or obese/diabetic participants or animal models, and displayed mixed findings. Circulating postprandial concentrations of total PL were elevated acutely but unchanged after longer intervention with dairy products. The PL concentration remained stable even after a high dosage of milk supplemented with dairy-derived PL, which may be related to increased fecal excretion; however, certain phosphatidylcholine (PC) or lysophosphatidylcholine species were increased in circulation by interventions. These include several PC species with 32 to 38 total carbons in addition to the dairy biomarkers C15:0 and C17:0. The results of this scoping review demonstrate a small body of literature indicating that dairy products can influence blood concentrations of PC and lysophosphatidylcholine species in both rodents and humans without alteration of total PL and PC. There is a lack of well-designed trials in humans and animals that explore the potential differences between individual dairy foods on PL species. In addition, trials to understand the bioactive properties of PC and lysophosphatidylcholine species on cardiometabolic risk are needed.