Total Phenolic Flavonoid Contents Research Articles

Phytochemical profile and antioxidant capacity of the endemic species Bellevalia sasonii Fidan.

The study investigated total phenolic-flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and phytochemical compounds across various parts (bulb, stem, leaf, and flower) of the endemic Bellevalia sasonii, commonly known as hyacinth, belonging to the Asparagaceae family. Phenolic content was highest in bulb extracts (117.28 μg GAE) and lowest in stems(45.11 μg GAE). Conversely, leaf extracts exhibited the highest flavonoid content (79.44 μg QEs), while stems showed thelowest (22.77 μg QEs). When the antioxidant activities were compared, by DPPH method leaf=flower>bulb>stem; in ABTS and CUPRAC methods bulb>flower>leaf>stem, respectively. Considering the results in general, it was revealed that bulbs and flowers displayed higher activity, while stem exhibited lower activity compared to other parts. The phytochemical analysis identified 53 active substances, with 27 absent in any extract and 15 detected across all extracts. The distribution of phytochemicals varied among parts, with bulbs, stems, flowers, and leaves also different numbers. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed prominent metabolites including fumaric acid in leaves, caffeic acid in bulbs, and cosmosiin and quinic acid inflowers. This study provides foundational insights into B.sasonii, an important endemic plant in Türkiye, laying the groundwork for future research on its medicinal and ecological roles.

The uprisal of a lost endemic edible species, Micromeria cymuligera: Comprehensive elucidation of its biological activities and phytochemical composition

Bioactive plant species are gaining scientific importance daily. New natural goods with added value are encouraged by the link between health, modern and traditional lifestyles. For about 145 years, Micromeria cymuligera, a Turkish endemic, was presumed extinct. For years, no specimen of this medicinal and fragrant species has been found in the region, but rich populations have lately been found in Bingöl province, Turkey. Like other Micromeria species, M. cymuligera has been used in tea and cooking due to its powerful bioactivities and scent. This is the first study to look at the complete quantification of bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibitory evaluation of the long-thought-to-be-extinct M. cymuligera species. Using a previously established and validated LC-MS/MS methodology, this study aimed to screen the bioactive phytochemicals of M. cymuligera and assess its diverse antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. The EtOH extract of the species had substantial concentrations of rosmarinic acid (13.05 mg/g extract), quinic acid (4.57 mg/g extract), chlorogenic acid (2.34 mg/g extract), and cynaroside (2.37 mg/g extract), according to LC-MS/MS data. Furthermore, it was shown that the species had relatively high total phenolic-flavonoid contents (40.94 ± 0.38 mgGAEs/g extract and 5.13 ± 0.29 mgREs/g extract, respectively). The extract shown noteworthy activity (82.00 ± 0.74, 126.23 ± 3.43, 48.33 ± 1.36, and 35.89 ± 0.44 mgTEs/g extract in FRAP, CUPRAC, ABTS, and DPPH respectively) in all antioxidant assays when the bioactivity experiments on M. cymuligera were considered. Furthermore, of all the enzyme inhibitory tests (tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, BChE, and AChE), the species demonstrated outstanding inhibitory action against tyrosinase (70.80 ± 1.34 mgKAE/g extract).

Comprehensive study of all Gundelia L. taxa exists in the globe: An insight on LC-MS/MS based phytochemical investigation and bioactivity potential of 22 species

Species from the Gundelia genus are among the important main therapeutic herbs widely used in Middle Eastern nations' traditional medicine. The emphasis of the current investigation was on the bioactive phytochemicals and biopharmaceutical efficacy of all 22 species of Gundelia taxa worldwide. Herewith, ethanolic extracts of root, stem-leaf and flower parts of twenty two Gundelia species were prepared and their bioactive phytochemicals were quantified by a comprehensive and validated LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) method. The results of the LC-MS/MS study revealed that, chlorogenic acid (0.042–93.52 mg/g extract), quinic acid (3.860–63.761 mg/g extract), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (0.019–42.737 mg/g extract), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (cymaroside) (0.013–34.017 mg/g extract), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (0.021–24.241 mg/g extract), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (0.006–15.859 mg/g extract), 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (0.014–4.827 mg/g extract) and caffeic acid (0.020–4.082 mg/g extract) amounts were remarkable in the overall assessment of the quantification results. Furthermore, bioactivities of the studied extracts were determined by evaluating total phenolic-flavonoid contents and ABTS (cation radical scavenging activity), DPPH (free radical scavenging activity) and CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) antioxidant test assays. With a few exceptions, all antioxidant test assays showed that the root ethanol extracts of the examined Gundelia species had stronger antioxidant activity than their flower and stem-leaf extract counterparts. Based on the results of the ABTS assay, it was discovered that the antioxidant capacities of root-ethanol extracts of G. purpurascens, G. dersim, G. armeniaca, G. armata, G. aragatsi, G. microcephala, G. tournefortii and G. tehranica (IC50 < 10 μg/mL) were at least as high as those of BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) (IC50: 11.35 ± 0.22 μg/mL) and α-tocopherol (IC50: 9.23 ± 0.12 μg/mL), which were used as the reference compounds. To conclude, this is the first study in which the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of different parts of all Gundelia taxa in the world were determined together. Moreover, in this study, the phytochemical quantitation and bioactivity of G. microcephala, G. cappadocica, G. tehranica, G. aragatsi, and G. tenuisecta species were evaluated for the first time.

Comparison of nutrient use efficiency, antioxidant assay, and nutritional quality of butter-head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in five cultivation systems

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the comparison of nutrient use efficiency, antioxidant assay, and nutritional quality of butter-head lettuce in five cultivation systems. For this experimental study, a split-boxes experimental arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three aeroponics systems (high pressure (T1), low pressure (T2), and ultrasonic nozzle (T3)), hydroponic system (T4), and conventional cultivation system (T5) was designed. The analyses of variance (ANOVA) were employed to assess yield, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), nutrient use efficiency (NUE), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC) and nutritional quality of butter-head lettuce. The experimental comparative results indicated that the shoot and root (fresh and dry) weight, root-to-shoot ratio, chlorophyll contents, CWC, NUE, DDPH, H2O2, FRAP, TPC, TFC, nitrate, vitamin C, and protein level were significantly (p 0.7) among the Shoot (FW), Chlorophyll, RWC, NUE, and among TPC, TFC, DDPH, H2O2, and FRAP. This study demonstrates that butter-head lettuce grown in aeroponics systems with high-pressure nozzles may serve as a potential dietary source and is rich in natural antioxidants. Keywords: aeroponics, high-pressure nozzle, phenolic content, antioxidants, lettuce DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231601.6794 Citation: Tunio M H, Gao J M, Mohamed T M K, Ahmad F, Abbas I, Shaikh S A. Comparison of nutrient use efficiency, antioxidant assay, and nutritional quality of butter-head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in five cultivation systems. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(1): 95–103.

Total flavonoid, phenolic and antioxidant activities of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew: Comparison of in vivo and in vitro grown plant

Nowadays, natural compounds with phytochemical properties are considered human-friendly drugs because they do not have side effects. Therefore, the importance given to antioxidant compounds, which are also found in plants, continues to increase day by day. Pelargonium L'Hér. ex Aiton taxa are also used as curative in diseases such as respiratory tract infections, dysentery, liver complaints and diarrhea treatment. Plant tissue and cell culture techniques are a good tool for the production of some active metabolites such as polyphenols. It is also known that with these methods, secondary metabolite production is promoted and there are also changes in antioxidant capacity. In this context, it was aimed to determine the total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant capacities of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew plant by growing in vivo (rhizome and above-ground part) and in vitro conditions. When the results obtained were examined, the highest phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the shoot extract in vitro; the lowest phenolic and flavonoid content was determined in the rhizome extract. In our study, 3 different methods (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC) were used to determine the total antioxidant activity. When the antioxidant activity results were evaluated in general, it was observed that the order of activity in all three methods was "in vitro shoot ˃ in vivo above ground ˃ in vivo rhizome". In the DPPH method, plant extracts showed better activity than BHT, which was used as a positive control, and better than BHA in the ABTS method. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between total phenolic-flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The data obtained from this study, it is thought that the plant P. quercetorum has antioxidant activity, and our study will be a step in the search for natural origin antioxidants.

Changes in cytotoxic capacity, phenolic profile, total phenols and flavonoids of Nigella damascena L. seed extracts under different liquid fertilization

Nigella damascena L. is an annual herbaceous valuable medicinal and aromatic plant in the Ranunculaceae family. For the first time with this study, the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the total phenolic-flavonoid content and phenolic compound profile in N. damascena seeds were investigated. Also, cytotoxic activities of n-hexane and methanol extracts (0–300 μg/mL) from fertilized seeds against breast (MCF-7) and pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2) cancer and embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cell lines were determined. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the methanol extract of seeds were obtained from chemical-3 L/da (0.196 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g) and organic- 1200 mL/da (3.85 ± 0.04 mg QE/g) fertilizer treatments, respectively. Phenolic compounds identified qualitatively by HPLC-PDA in the seeds were epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin hydrate, apigenin and naringenin. Fertilized seed n-hexane extracts caused greater cell inhibition compared to control and showed remarkable selective cytotoxicity against the two cancer cell lines investigated in vitro. However, even at the highest concentration (300 μg/mL) of all seed methanol extracts, 50% cell inhibition did not occur in both cancer and healthy cell lines. Results show that N. damascena seed extracts can be studied further in terms of having an anticancer agent potential.

The characterization of phenolic compounds via LC-ESI-MS/MS, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory activities of Salvia absconditiflora, Salvia sclarea, and Salvia palaestina: A comparative analysis

Salvia L. genus, one of the medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is represented by many endemic species in temperate regions worldwide. The Salvia species have plenty of usages in traditional medicine, important pharmacological effects and economic value. In this context, this study was conducted to evaluate the chemical profile and potential bioactivity of ethyl acetate extracts from 3 different Salvia species; Salvia absconditiflora (Salvia cryptantha- an endemic species), S. sclarea and S. palaestina collected from different localities in Anatolia. Total phenolic-flavonoid contents, antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibition experiments were investigated in tested Salvia species. The phenolic profiles were also determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in ethyl acetate extracts such as cynaroside, rosmarinic acid, cosmosiin, luteolin, apigenin and acacetin. The highest level of phenolic components was detected in S. absconditiflora with 74.16 mg GAE/g. The best radical scavenging and reducing abilities were found in S. absconditiflora (DPPH: 251.39 mg TE/g; ABTS: 340.16 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 496.20 mg TE/g; FRAP: 322.94 mg TE/g). Moreover, the inhibition of AChE, BChE, and α-amylase has also been studied. The most potent AChE inhibitory ability was recorded in S. sclarea (4.00 mg GALAE/g), followed by S. palaestina (3.38 mg GALAE/g) and S. absconditiflora (3.01 mg GALAE/g). The extracts exhibited similar amylase inhibitory effects. These results reveal that Salvia species [S. absconditiflora (S. cryptantha), S. sclarea and S. palaestina] confirming their potential can be rich sources of promising bioactive compounds as a starting point for further analysis. In addition, it is thought that this study may be the new report for the construction of helpful databases in terms of shedding light on future research and researchers with the valuable information obtained about these economically important Salvia species.

EFFERVESCENT TABLET FORMULATION ETHANOL EXTRACTS 70% KELAKAI ROOT (STENOCHLAENA PALUTRIS (BURM. F.) BEDD.) WITH VARIATION CONCENTRATION OF GAS GENERATING AGENT

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the optimal formula of effervescent tablets 70% ethanol extract of Kelakai root (Stenochlaena palutris (Burm. f.) Bedd.) with variations concentration in gas generating agents and their effects on properties of the physical effervescent tablet.&#x0D; Methods: Kelakai root was extracted with maceration using ethanol 70%, and total phenolic-flavonoids contents were determined. Effervescent tablets made for three formulas base on varying concentration gas generating agents. Effervescent tablets made by wet granulation. Evaluation physical properties of granules included flowability, tapped density, bulk density, and angle of repose. Evaluation physical properties of effervescent tablets included weight uniformity, thickness and diameter, friability, pH, hardness, effervescent time, and hedonic test.&#x0D; Results: The extract had a total phenolic content of 625.35 μg GAE/mg extract, while the total flavonoid content was 735.24 μg QE/mg extract. The effervescent tablets have uniformity of sizes ranging from 1.29 to 1.3 cm and thickness from 0.49 to 0.5 cm, uniformity of weights with a coefficient of variation ranging from 1.04%-2.15%, fragility ranged from 0.03%-0.29%, tablet hardness ranged from 8.33-9 kg, and solubility ranged from 30-86 min. Statistical analysis showed that the p-value is&gt;0.05, which means there are no significant differences between formulas by varying concentrations of citric acid and tartaric acid to influence the physical characteristics of effervescent tablets.&#x0D; Conclusion: Formula III was the best formula because it meets the physical requirements and hedonice test of granules and tablets.

Total phenolic-flavonoids contents, anti-leishmanial, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of Pakistani tea brands and tea plant Camellia sinensis

Total phenolic-flavonoids contents, anti-leishmanial, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of Pakistani tea brands and tea plant Camellia sinensis

HPLC-FRAP methodology and biological activities of different stem bark extracts of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp

Cajanus cajan. (L.) Millsp. (C. cajan) (Family: Fabaceae) also known as pigeon pea, is a famous food and cover/forage crop bearing a high amount of key amino acids (methionine, lysine and tryptophan). This study investigated into the total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (phosphomolybdenum) and metal chelating] activities and enzyme [α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, acetyl-(AChE), butyryl-(BChE) cholinesterase] inhibitory effects of four extracts (methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, aqueous) prepared from C. cajan stem bark. Direct identification of antioxidants was also conducted using the high performance liquid chromatography-ferric reducing antioxidant power (HPLC-FRAP) system. The highest TPC and TFC were recorded with the methanolic (23.22 ± 0.17 mg GAE/g) and ethyl acetate extracts (19.43 ± 0.24 mg RE/g), respectively. The methanolic extract exhibited important antioxidant activity with DPPH (38.41 ± 0.05 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g), ABTS (70.49 ± 3.62 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (81.86 ± 2.40 mg TE/g), FRAP (42.96 ± 0.59 mg TE/g) and metal chelating (17.00 ± 1.26 mg ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid equivalent/g). p-coumaric and caffeic acid were the predominant antioxidants in the samples. Results from enzymatic assays showed the potential abilities of hexane extract in inhibiting the AChE, BChE, α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. From the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that C. cajan can be considered as a promising source of antioxidants and key enzyme inhibitors that can be exploited for future bioproduct development.

GCMS fingerprinting, in vitro pharmacological activities, and in vivo anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effect of selected edible herbs from Kashmir valley

The people of Kashmir customarily practice traditional medicines for curing various ailments. 3 nutritious herbs; Melissa officinalis L (Lamiaceae, MO), Taraxacum officinale L (Compositae, TO), and Urtica dioica L (Urticaceae, UD) were selected based on their ingestion as a folklore remedy for treating various illness, including infections, inflammation, and cancer. We aimed to scientifically validate their indigenous usage. Plant extracts were prepared by extraction in 95% methanol and subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In vitro, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities were determined. For in vivo study; 56 Wister rats were randomly assorted into 8 groups. Rats in the control group received saline, toxicity group received Acetaminophen/paracetamol (APAP, 2 g/kg b.w) orally for 7 days. Treatment groups received 300 mg/kg of MO, TO, or UD, respectively for 7 days after APAP (2 g/kg b.w) administration. Serum inflammation markers, antioxidant parameters, and histopathology were investigated. The GC–MS of methanol extracts indicated 16 compounds in MO (21.6% 1-nitro-β-d-arabinofuranos, as major compound), 19 compounds in TO (30.06% rutin, as major compound) and 15 compounds in UD (29.86% saponin, as major compound). TO exhibited more significant antiradical capacity in DPPH assay (IC50 29.6 ± 1.12 µg/mL) and antioxidant activity in CUPRAC assay (889.34 ± 5.65 μM Trolox/g DW of extract) compared to MO (657.77 ± 5.21) and UD (534.45 ± 4.56). MO, TO and UD exhibited potent anti-proliferative potency against HT 29 and HCT 116 cancer cells, while no cytotoxicity against normal Vero cell lines. MO, TO, and UD ameliorated (p < 0.001) APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by improving elevated ALT, AST, and ALP levels and significantly (p < 0.001) decreasing TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum. Histological examinations confirmed the biochemical findings. The present study confirmed the scientific basis for the application of (selected) medicinal herbs (studied). Plant extracts revealed antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential against APAP-induced liver injury. Further investigations to understand the mechanism of action and use in clinical trials is recommended.

Bee bread and bee pollen of different plant sources: determination of phenolic content, antioxidant activity, fatty acid and element profiles

This study aims to determine the plant sources, fatty acid composition, total phenolic-flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and elemental profile of bee pollen (BP) and bee bread (BB) samples from the same bee hive in different locations. 31 families and 71 species were determined by pollen analysis of BP and BB samples. Pollen frequencies in BB samples were generally similar or less than in BP. Total phenolic varied from 8.26 ± 0.299 to 43.42 ± 0.779 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoid ranged from 1.81 ± 0.040 to 4.44 ± 0.125 mg QE/g. ABTS and DDPH assays indicated that the samples have good antioxidant activity. Samples showed a protein content ranging from 17.6 to 22.2% while the total fatty acid was between 60.27 and 86.49%. The elemental analysis showed that all samples were rich in essential minerals. As a result, total protein, total fatty acids, moisture content and antioxidant capacity of BB samples were found to be lower than those of BP samples from the same hive. In spite of these data, it is necessary to work with more detailed and more samples to be able to say which bee product (bee pollen or bee bread) has superior properties as functional food.

A comprehensive study on chemical and biological profiles of three herbal teas in Anatolia; rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical profile of three herbal teas in Anatolia, Melissa officinalis, Sideritis libanotica subsp. linearis and Stachys thirkei by LC-MS/MS, HPLC-FLD and GC-MS. Additionally, the total phenolic-flavonoid contents, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of three herbal teas extracts and their individual main compounds were determined. The major component of the fatty acids and essential oils were identified as linolenic acid (27.4%) and valencene (23.2%) for M. officinalis, palmitic acid (25.0%) and arachidic acid (17.9%) for S. libanotica subsp. linearis and linoleic acid (50.1%) and germacrene-D (15.6%) for S. thirkei, respectively. Especially, the methanol extracts of three herbal teas with low cytotoxic and toxic effects, showed strong antioxidant activities in all tested methods. To determine the active principles responsible for the antioxidant activities, phenolic components such as chlorogenic, rosmarinic, caffeic acids, rutin, quercetin, luteolin, naringenin were quantified by LC-MS/MS in the methanol extracts. Extracts with various polarities of M. officinallis, S. libanotica subsp. linearis and S. thirkei, which are consumed as tea in the world and Turkey, were prepared and these extracts were scanned in detail for chemical content and biological activity. The results of the present study showed that three herbal teas can also be used as a food source due to its high phenolic acid content and strong antioxidant properties.

Türkiye’nin Ordu iline ait Bazı Balların Palinolojik Karakterizasyonu ve Toplam Fenol-Flavonoid İçeriğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Honey is one of the important honey bee products and varies total phenolic and flavonoid contents depending on mainly its floral source. In this study, the total phenolic-flavonoid content and pollen composition of fifteen honey samples were investigated from Ordu in Turkey. According to melissopalynological (qualitative) analysis, eleven honey samples were unifloral (Castanea sativa (9); Rosaceae (1) and Onobrychis spp.(1)), while four samples were multifloral. The forty-two pollen types from the samples were identified. The melissopalynological (quantitative) analysis based on Maurizio’s Class demonstrated that one in Class II, three in Class III, one in Class IV and ten in Class V. Total phenolic and total flavonoid amunts in these honeys varied from 32.5-171.05 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/100g, 1.65-38.75 mg CAE (catechin equivalent)/100g, respectively. According to this study the highest flavonoid levels obtained from Sample 9 (multifloral) and the highest phenolic contents were shown in sample 1 (C. sativa). This study contributes to literature about Ordu honeys.

Bio-guided profiling and HPLC-DAD finger printing of Atriplex lasiantha Boiss.

BackgroundPlants represent an intricate and innovative source for the discovery of novel therapeutic remedies for the management of various ailments. The current study has been aimed to validate the therapeutic potential of ethnomedicinally significant plant Atriplex lasiantha Boiss.MethodsThe polarity based extraction process was carried out using fourteen solvents to figure out best extraction solvent and bioactive fractions. Total phenolic-flavonoids contents were quantified colorimetrically and polyphenolics were measured using HPLC-DAD analysis. Moreover, the test samples were tested against several diseases targets following various assays including free radicals scavenging, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and antileishmanial assay.ResultsAmong the solvent fractions, maximum yield was obtained with methanol-water extract i.e., 11 ± 0.49%. Maximum quantity of gallic acid equivalent phenolic content and quercetin equivalent flavonoid content were quantified in methanol-ethyl acetate extract of A. lasiantha. Significant quantity of rutin i.e., 0.3 μg/mg was quantified by HPLC analysis. The methanol-ethyl acetate extract of A. lasiantha exhibited maximum total antioxidant and total reducing power with 64.8 ± 1.16 AAE/mg extract respectively, while showing 59.8 ± 1.07% free radical scavenging potential. A significant antibacterial potential was exhibited by acetone-distilled water extract of A. lasiantha with 11 ± 0.65 mm zone of inhibition against B. subtilis. Considerable antifungal activity was exhibited by ethyl acetate-n-hexane extract of aerial part of A. lasiantha with 14 ± 1.94 mm zone of inhibition against A. fumigatus. Highest percentage of α-amylase inhibition (41.8 ± 1.09%) was observed in ethyl acetate-n-hexane extract. Methanol-acetone extract of A.lasiantha demonstrated significant inhibition of hyphae formation with 11 ± 0.49 mm bald zone of inhibition. Significant in-vitro cytotoxicity against Hep G2 cell line has been exhibited by methanol-chloroforms extract of A.lasiantha.ConclusionThe current study reveals the prospective potential of Atriplex lasiantha Boiss. for the discovery of biologically active compounds through bioassay guided isolation against various diseases.

An investigation on Trakya region Oak (Quercus spp.) honeys of Turkey: their physico-chemical, antioxidant and phenolic compounds properties

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate various physicochemical properties, phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of the oak honey, large quantities of which are produced in the Thrace region of Northwest Turkey. Methods Hunter color values (Lab), optical rotation, electrical conductivity, moisture and ash were measured as physicochemical determinants. Sugar, proline content, mineral, phenolic acids, total phenolic flavonoids contents were evaluated as chemical parameters. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging were used as antioxidant determinants. Results The results determined that dark-colored honeys (mean 24.95±8.35 L) have proline levels (649.82±203.90 mg/kg), total phenolic content (TPC) (67.29±13.10 mgGAE/100 g) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (10.14±4.78 mgQE/100 g), a high ratio of fructose/glucose (1.65±0.18). Rutin (11.14±8.50 μg/g), p-coumaric acid (6.97±5.80 μg/g) and protocatechuic acid (6.12±4.39 μg/g) were the major phenolic components, and quercetin was also detected in varying amounts in all samples. Potassium (2523±0.28 mg/kg), calcium (63.40±3.20 mg/kg) and magnesium (38.88±0.65 mg/kg) were the major minerals in the honeys. Conclusion Our results showed that physicochemical properties, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, sugar and mineral contents successfully distinguish the geographical origins of oak honey. These findings will contribute to a more accurate evaluation of oak honey in the literature.

Antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer activities and total phenolic-flavonoid contents of 4 different Achillea species

Antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer activities and total phenolic-flavonoid contents of 4 different Achillea species

Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Two Edible Plants: Chemical Investigation and Quantitative Analysis Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

The objectives of this study were to define the phenolic and fatty acid profiles, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and total phenolic-flavonoid contents of Lycopsis orientalis and Tragopogon latifolius var. angustifolius which have been used as food source and food supplement in Anatolia and have never been examined before. Rosmarinic and quinic acids (21.11 and 11.46 mg g–1 extract, respectively) were found to be the most abundant constituents in L. orientalis and T. latifolius var. angustifolius among the studied 27 compounds by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In the fatty acid compositions of L. orientalis and T. latifolius var. angustifolius that were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, oleic (29.1%) and palmitic (28.7%) acids were identified as the major components, respectively. The high antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of L. orientalis shows parallelism to its rosmarinic acid content. Besides, this extract showed medium anticholinesterase activity. The results of the present study proves that the L. orientalis might also be used as a food source due to its high phenolic acid content and strong antioxidant property.

Metal concentration and antioxidant activity of edible mushrooms from Turkey

This study presents information on the antioxidant activity and heavy metal concentrations of Polyporus sulphureus, Macrolepiota procera, Lycoperdon perlatum and Gomphus clavatus mushrooms collected from the province of Mugla in the South-Aegean Region of Turkey. Antioxidant activities of mushroom samples were evaluated by four complementary tests. All tests showed L. perlatum and G. clavatus to possess extremely high antioxidant potential. Antioxidant activity of the samples was strongly correlated with total phenolic-flavonoid content. In terms of heavy metal content, L. perlatum exceeded the legal limits for daily intake of Pb, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni and Co contents (0.461, 738.00, 14.52, 1.27, 1.65, 0.417mg/day, respectively) by a 60-kg consumer. Co contents of M. procera (0.026mg/day) and P. sulphureus (0.030mg/day) and Cd contents of G. clavatus (0.071mg/day) were also above the legal limits. According to these results, L. perlatum should not be consumed, despite the potentially beneficial antioxidant activity. Additionally, M. procera and G. clavatus should not be consumed daily due to their high levels of Cd and Co.

Chemical profile by LC–MS/MS, GC/MS and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and crude extracts of two Euphorbia species

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of two Euphorbia species. The major component of the fatty acid compositions obtained from the petroleum ether extracts was identified as palmitic acid for Euphorbia gaillardotii and Euphorbia macroclada. The main constituents of the essential oils were identified as arachidic acid for E. gaillardotii and tetratetracontane for E. macroclada. Among the 27 studied compounds, hesperidin, rutin, hyperoside and quinic, malic, gallic and tannic acids were found to be the most abundant compounds in the two Euphorbia species. The methanol extracts of E. gaillardotii and E. macroclada showed strong antioxidant activity in all tested methods. Particularly, IC50 values of E. macroclada methanol extract that was the richest in terms of total phenolic-flavonoid contents were found to be lower than α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene in β-carotene bleaching, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free and ABTS cation radical scavenging methods.