Total Permanent Disability Research Articles

Employee Benefits Program Valuation with Multiple Decrement Model Based on PSAK 24 Post-COVID-19 Pandemic

In this article, we evaluate the post-labor compensation program based on PSAK-24 in the new normal era of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to create a table multiple decrements based on a single table decrement namely, death, withdrawal, total permanent disability, and retirement. In the new normal era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the benefits of death, death caused by COVID-19, withdrawal, total permanent disability, and retirement were then aggregated. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a case study approach of COVID-19. The data used is secondary data on the number of COVID-19 positive cases in Indonesia from January 2021 to December 2022. In this study, an actuarial model, the Multiple Decrement Model, was applied to calculate the valuation of the post-labor compensation program based on PSAK-24 using five decrements as the cause of claims consisting of death, death cause of COVID-19, withdrawal, total permanent disability and retirement. The calculation results that can be seen that large annual net premiums multiple decrement cases that provide benefits according to the cause of failure getting bigger as that person gets older.

Study of the Figure of the Non - Professional Caregiver. Special Reference to the Right to Permanent Disability. Legal Problems that Arise and Possible Solutions

Law 39/2006, of December 14, 2006, gave new recognition to the hitherto "invisible" figure of the non-professional caregiver, referring to the person in the family or environment of the dependent person, who provides non-professional care at home.The non-professional caregiver is the person who is in charge of the care of a family member or close person in a situation of dependency, and does not exercise this activity as a professional activity, as derived from its name, neither on his own account nor on behalf of others, since, as we are going to analyze, he does not meet all the requirements that the law demands for the existence of an employment relationship on behalf of others, such as the alien nature, dependence, remuneration, voluntariness and power of organization of the employer, nor as an employer. In these circumstances, the question that arises in this study is whether the non-professional caregiver can be the beneficiary of a total permanent disability benefit, under the special agreement regulated in Royal Decree 615/2007 and Order TAS/2632/2007. We can affirm that most of the people who are caregivers of dependent persons are women who have performed invisible work over the years, assuming the care of their relatives, without the support of the public administration and within the domestic sphere with no help other than that of the family organization. Hence the importance of the latest legislative reforms that makes these figures visible and gives them some rights.

Compensation Assessment for Personal Injury Owing to Extra-Contractual Liability: Case Study on Selected Courts

Assessment of compensation for personal injury is an intricate part of the law of extra-contractual liability (torts) since such kind of injury results in loss of a job, part of a body, total permanent disability or death. As personal injury may involve irreparable harm, it challenges courts in quantifying reasonable expenses a victim incurs and determining the amount of disability indemnity. By using decisions of the SNNP and Sidama regional courts together with selected Federal Cassation decisions, this article aims to explore practices of compensation assessment for personal injury. The Civil Code, which applies in federal and state courts, requires assessment of damage and award compensation based on a rule of equivalency. Given the generality of this, courts are facing difficulties in making compensation assessments for extra-contractual wrongs that result in personal injury. The problems are related to quantifying reasonable expenses for treatment, determining the amount of disability indemnity, or deciding which kinds of pecuniary losses are included in and excluded from compensation assessment. These problems have caused arbitrary decisions of the courts for personal injury. Variation also exists among court decisions at various levels in determining the extent of harm a claimant sustains and its corresponding compensation. Lack of detailed provisions contributes to such variation, and this calls for legal reform.

Regulations on The Job Creation Law Regarding Job Loss Guarantees In The Context of Legal Protection for Workers

Job Loss Guarantee (JKP) is a program created by the government for workers who experienced termination of employment (PHK) with benefits in cash, job market information, and job training. Workers are still overshadowed by the uncertainty of legal protection, including JKP. JKP has been guaranteed by the Job Creation Law Act No. 11 of 2020 and then published government regulation (PP) number 37 of 2021 concerning implementing the Job Loss Guarantee program. However, the regulation of Article 20 PP No. 37 of 2021 concerning JKP explains the benefits of JKP for participants who experience layoffs are excluded from dismissals due to resignation, total permanent disability, retirement or death. This study outlines two problems: how to follow up the Job Creation Law to protect workers? and the rights of workers if they experience job loss through termination of employment?. The research method used is juridical normative. Implementing the Job Creation Law made by the government to bring a change to the JKP system is expected to be carried out in the interests of workers. Then, the government, as the controller, constantly supervises the implementation of the Job Creation Law and the National Social Security System in the field so that workers will get legal certainty.

A Cointegration Study of Life Insurance Demand in Malaysia

The expansion of the insurance sector has a profound effect on a country's economy. Insurance companies experienced a slowdown in premiums during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the life sector. Due to consumers' discretionary decision to spend less on life insurance policies, premium volumes decreased globally. One way to provide income protection for dependents or beneficiaries upon the death of an insured person, total permanent disability, or policy contract maturity is through life insurance. This study, therefore, this study considers recent events as it examines the factors that influence the demand for life insurance in Malaysia. The ordinary least square (OLS) method is employed using 34 years of data spanning from 1988 until 2021. The result of VECM showed that Income positively affects demand in the long run, while the other two variables, savings, and unemployment negatively affect demand in the long run. The empirical findings are expected to enrich the existing literature and to create awareness of the benefits that life insurance may offer in potential risks transferred to the insurer. Furthermore, the research findings could also help policymakers create preventative measures to protect life insurance companies from the consequences of diminished market confidence in the slowdown of the business cycle.

The Nexus between Macroeconomic Variables and Demand for Life Insurance in Malaysia

The insurance industry’s growth has an all-encompassing impact on the economic state of a nation. In the recent era of COVID-19 pandemic, insurance companies experienced a slowdown in the premiums particularly in the life sector. Premium volumes worldwide declined as consumers chose to reduce discretionary expenditure on life insurance policies. Life insurance is one of the ways to provide income protection for the dependents or beneficiaries upon the passing of an insured person, total permanent disability, or maturity of the policy contract. This study therefore takes stock of the recent events in examining the nexus between macroeconomic variables and life insurance demand in Malaysia. The ordinary least square (OLS) methodology is employed using 34 years data spanning from 1988 until 2021. The findings from this study revealed that apart from household savings and the stock market, inflation, income, and unemployment are significant factors in determining the life insurance demand. These empirical findings are expected to contribute to enriching the existing literature and to create awareness of the benefits that life insurance may offer in potential risks transfer to the insurer. From the macroeconomic perspective, the findings may assist policymakers in developing pre-emptive measures to protect life insurance businesses from the negative repercussions of lower market confidence following an economic downturn. An insight into the long-run relationship between the macroeconomic variables and life insurance demand using cointegration techniques is suggested for future researchers.

¿Qué características epidemiológicas tienen los pacientes con fibromialgia e incapacidad laboral que se reincorporan a un puesto de trabajo?

ObjectiveTo ascertain what epidemiological variables determine whether a patient with work incapacity as a result of fibromyalgia returns to work. Material and methodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out that included 412 patients with fibromyalgia under 54 years of age and classified as having a total permanent disability by the National Institute of Social Security in Madrid in 2005. Follow-up from 2005 to 2019. We studied the variables of age, sex, marital status, CFS/MCS, psychiatric diagnosis, type of social security affiliation, occupation (CNO-11) and economic amount of the disability benefit in euros/month (4 tranches are established of <500, 500-750, 750-1000 and> 1000). We analyse the impact of these variables on return to work using a binary logistic regression model. ResultThe mean age was 45+/-7. A total of 44% did not return to another job. The variables that were significant in the multivariate study were age (OR 0.93, CI 0.90 - 0.97), association with CFS and/or MCS (OR 0.07, CI 0.02 - 0.24), occupation (OR 0, 82; IC 0.73 - 0.92) and the amount of the disability benefit (OR 0.26; IC 0.19 - 0.35). ConclusionThe probability of returning to another job decreases with age (1.07 times for each year), as the amount of the disability benefit increases (3.85 times for each successive tranche), as the level of qualification required for the occupation decreases (1.21 times for each successive CON-11 code) or if there is CFS and/or MCS (12.9 times).

Early High-Risk Opioid Prescribing Practices and Long-Term Disability Among Injured Workers in Washington State, 2002 to 2013.

Objective:To estimate associations between early high-risk opioid prescribing practices and long-term work-related disability.Methods:Washington State Fund injured workers with at least one opioid prescription filled within 6 weeks after injury (2002 to 2013) were included (N = 83,150). Associations between early high-risk opioid prescribing (longer duration, higher dosage, concurrent sedatives), and time lost from work, total permanent disability, and a surrogate measure for Social Security disability benefits were tested. Measures of early hospitalization, body part, and nature of injury were included to address confounding by indication concerns, along with sensitivity analyses controlling for injury severity.Results:In adjusted logistic models, early high-risk opioid prescribing was associated with roughly three times the odds of each outcome.Conclusion:Exposure to high-risk opioid prescribing within 90 days of injury was significantly and substantially associated with long-term temporary and permanent disability.

Denial of disability versus inability to meet essential job functions

The return to work process following a prolonged medical leave includes an assessment of both work capacity and ability to meet essential job functions. We present the case of an administrative assistant with a congenital vocal cord injury who was denied total permanent disability. The initial fitness for duty examination after her prolonged absence resulted in a determination of fitness, but with limitations. After performing a risk assessment and review of the essential job functions of her occupation, she was dismissed based on inability to meet the essential demands of the job. Assessments of work capacity/disability must be multidisciplinary, integrating the diagnosis, treatment, course of the illness, and conducted from both a preventive and work perspective.

Type 2 Diabetes in China - Considering Both Insurance Products and Individual Health Factors.

For the past 30 years, the increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China has reached epidemic proportions. As a result, risk assessment guidelines need to be updated by taking into consideration of improvements in medical treatment and lifestyle intervention. This especially applies to living insurance benefit policies (such as critical illness and total permanent disability) and to medical products (hospitalization reimbursement and certain DM-related treatment benefits). This will require taking into account the current epidemic figures of T2DM in China in pricing, targeting the correct insured group for the DM products and getting the correct risk profile by applying a dynamic underwriting protocol (such as using the rewards for medical intervention, and for primary prevention efforts to screen individuals who are at high-risk of diabetes). This article analyzes both studies and surveys that been conducted in China showing the progress of this epidemic.

Применение нейротропных витаминов при лечении пациентов с различными поражениями периферической нервной системы

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders are a common cause of total permanent disability, which can be caused by disorders in the metabolism of neurotropic vitamins (thiamine, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin). Treatment of PNS disorders commonly requires long-term treatment associated with the occurrence of side effects. The article discusses the use of neurotropic vitamins for patient management with various forms of PNS disorders. Data concerning experimental and clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the results of patient treatment with poly- and mononeuropathies, peripheral nerve injury, dorsalgia, tunnel syndromes using vitamins of group B are presented. It is shown that the use of a vitamin complex of group B is more effective than the use of placebo, as well as their use separately. In most patients, clinical improvement (reduction of the neurologic deficits severity, pain management) is accompanied by the recovery of electroneuromyography indices, reduction in the need of analgesic drugs in dorsalgia, decrease in the treatment duration, and decrease in the incidence of side effects. The use of neurotropic vitamins has been noted for the good tolerability, in particular, there was a rare occurrence of adverse events during their use. KEYWORDS: thiamine, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, neuropathy, nerve injury, polyneuropathy, dorsalgia, treatment, side effects, clinical study. FOR CITATION: Chugunov A.V., Kazakov K.A., Kazakov A.Yu. Neurotropic vitamins use in the patient management with various lesions of the peripheral nervous system. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(9):606–611. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-9-606-611.

WANPRESTASI PEMBAYARAN KLAIM ASURANSI JIWA AKIBAT KELALAIAN PENYERAHAN BERKAS OLEH MITRA PENANGGUNG SEBAGAI KOLEKTOR PENGAJUAN KLAIM (Studi Kasus Sertifikat Asuransi Polis Nomor 15.001673)

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; At this time many banks are incentive to lure consumer credit to consumers. In general, consumer loan interest rate is higher than productive credit, even there is a fixed rate. It seems that the fixed rate makes it easy to organize family finances, paying only monthly installments of the same amount, but if carefully calculated, the interest is much higher. Consumer Loan Protection with Insurance Policy Certificate 15.001673 is a life insurance product that guarantees repayment of the remaining amount of Loans and / or monthly loan installment of the Customer as Participant (Insured) to the Policyholder in case the Participant (the Insured) has a death risk or total temporary disability / Or total permanent disability. Although it is clear about the rights and obligations in the insurance agreement but the reality is very different because it turns out the insurer does not fulfill its obligations in the event of claim submission from the insured. Rejection of insurance claims may be made by the insurer under the pretext of submitting the file beyond the specified time limit. Issues to be studied further is how validation of denial of life insurance claim made by Jasindo in accordance with the insurance policy and existing legislation and whether Partner Error is can be classified as Wanprestasi payment of Insurance Claim for late in submission of policy file No: 15.001673. In conducting research, this research is normative law research that is research having object of study about rule or rule. The objective is to determine the validity of the refusal of insurance claims made by Jasindo in accordance with the existing insurance policies and regulations and to find out the Default Payment of Insurance Claims due to Delayed Submission by Marketing Party as Collector Submission of Claim on Insurance Certificate Number 15.001673&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Innovations in Occupational Health Care Delivery Can Prevent Entry into Permanent Disability: 8-Year Follow-up of the Washington State Centers for Occupational Health and Education.

Background:Long-term work disability is known to have an adverse effect on the nation’s labor force participation rate. To reduce long-term work disability, the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries established a quality improvement initiative that created 2 pilot Centers of Occupational Health and Education (COHE).Objectives:To document the level of work disability in a sample of injured workers with musculoskeletal injuries and to examine (8-y) work disability outcomes associated with the COHE health care model.Research Design:Prospective nonrandomized intervention study with nonequivalent comparison group using difference-in-difference regression models.Subjects:Intervention group represents 18,790 workers with musculoskeletal injuries treated by COHE providers. Comparison group represents 20,992 workers with similar injuries treated within the COHE catchment area by non-COHE providers.Measures:Long-term disability outcomes include: (1) on disability 5 years after injury; (2) received a state pension for total permanent disability; (3) received total disability income support through the Social Security Disability Insurance program; or (4) a combined measure including any one of the 3 prior measures.Results:COHE patients had a 30% reduction in the risk of experiencing long-term work disability (odds ratio=0.70, P=0.02). The disability rate (disability days per 1000 persons) over the 8-year follow-up for the intervention and comparison groups, respectively, was 49,476 disability days and 75,832 disability days.Conclusions:Preventing long-term work disability is possible by reorganizing the delivery of occupational health care to support effective secondary prevention in the first 3 months following injury. Such interventions may have promising beneficial effects on reversing the nation’s progressively worsening labor force participation rate.

UNA EVALUACIÓN DE IMPACTO DEL PROGRAMA EDUCACIÓN GARANTIZADA DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO

Estudios recientes confirman la existencia de una relación directa entre dificultades económicas y deserción escolar en las familias de las áreas en desarrollo. En 2007, el gobierno de la Ciudad de México implantó el Programa de Educación Garantizada, que promueve la retención escolar de estudiantes de familias que perdieron al miembro que proveía el sustento económico, a causa de fallecimiento o discapacidad total y permanente. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una evaluación del impacto de dicho programa en sus objetivos asignados, realizada con la ayuda de un análisis econométrico aplicado a información proveniente de dos encuestas levantadas entre beneficiarios del programa y entre sus ‘nuevos’ tutores en 2010 y en 2012. Se concluye que el programa ha sido exitoso al evitar la deserción escolar entre la población objetivo, y es bien evaluado por sus beneficiarios.

A New Method to Classify Injury Severity by Diagnosis: Validation Using Workers’ Compensation and Trauma Registry Data

Acute work-related trauma is a leading cause of death and disability among U.S. workers. Existing methods to estimate injury severity have important limitations. This study assessed a severe injury indicator constructed from a list of severe traumatic injury diagnosis codes previously developed for surveillance purposes. Study objectives were to: (1) describe the degree to which the severe injury indicator predicts work disability and medical cost outcomes; (2) assess whether this indicator adequately substitutes for estimating Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)-based injury severity from workers' compensation (WC) billing data; and (3) assess concordance between indicators constructed from Washington State Trauma Registry (WTR) and WC data. WC claims for workers injured in Washington State from 1998 to 2008 were linked to WTR records. Competing risks survival analysis was used to model work disability outcomes. Adjusted total medical costs were modeled using linear regression. Information content of the severe injury indicator and AIS-based injury severity measures were compared using Akaike Information Criterion and R(2). Of 208,522 eligible WC claims, 5 % were classified as severe. Among WC claims linked to the WTR, there was substantial agreement between WC-based and WTR-based indicators (kappa = 0.75). Information content of the severe injury indicator was similar to some AIS-based measures. The severe injury indicator was a significant predictor of WTR inclusion, early hospitalization, compensated time loss, total permanent disability, and total medical costs. Severe traumatic injuries can be directly identified when diagnosis codes are available. This method provides a simple and transparent alternative to AIS-based injury severity estimation.

Efectividad de las técnicas de manipulación cervical vs. técnica de compresión en puntos gatillo en pacientes con cefalea tensional

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of cervical manipulation treatment and positional release therapy in patients with tension-type headache. MethodsAn experimental, longitudinal, controlled, study was carried out. A total of 82 patients (sampled population) who were diagnosed with tension headache participated in the study. The final sample included 60 subjects (sample), which was randomly divided into three groups: two treatment groups and one control group. Cervical manipulation was performed in bilateral rotation for C1 and C1 in group 1 while positional release therapy was done in group 2. Therapy was performed in two sessions weekly, with assessments before and after treatment. The pain threshold to pressure on trigger points in the upper trapezius and temporalis muscles bilaterally was evaluated. ResultsThe most significant results were found in POST session 2 with values that showed that there was an increased pain threshold to pressure for TPD (total permanent disability) variables (P=0.003), TPI (P<0.001) and TMD (P=0.029). TPD variable (P=0.020, 95% CI=0.470-0.645), TPI (P=0.004, 95% CI=0.110-0.668) and TMD (P=0.047, 95% CI=0.003-0.511) showed significant differences between the cervical manipulation groups and positional release therapy. ConclusionsCervical manipulation and positional release therapy treatments are effective in the management of patients with tension type headache, with the cervical manipulation group showing the best results.

Predicting work-related disability and medical cost outcomes: A comparison of injury severity scoring methods

IntroductionAcute work-related trauma is a leading cause of death and disability among U.S. workers. Occupational health services researchers have described the pressing need to identify valid injury severity measures for purposes such as case-mix adjustment and the construction of appropriate comparison groups in programme evaluation, intervention, quality improvement, and outcome studies. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of several injury severity scores and scoring methods in the context of predicting work-related disability and medical cost outcomes. MethodsWashington State Trauma Registry (WTR) records for injuries treated from 1998 to 2008 were linked with workers’ compensation claims. Several Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)-based injury severity measures (ISS, New ISS, maximum AIS) were estimated directly from ICD-9-CM codes using two software packages: (1) ICDMAP-90, and (2) Stata's user-written ICDPIC programme (ICDPIC). ICDMAP-90 and ICDPIC scores were compared with existing WTR scores using the Akaike Information Criterion, amount of variance explained, and estimated effects on outcomes. Competing risks survival analysis was used to evaluate work disability outcomes. Adjusted total medical costs were modelled using linear regression. ResultsThe linked sample contained 6052 work-related injury events. There was substantial agreement between WTR scores and those estimated by ICDMAP-90 (kappa=0.73), and between WTR scores and those estimated by ICDPIC (kappa=0.68). Work disability and medical costs increased monotonically with injury severity, and injury severity was a significant predictor of work disability and medical cost outcomes in all models. WTR and ICDMAP-90 scores performed better with regard to predicting outcomes than did ICDPIC scores, but effect estimates were similar. Of the three severity measures, maxAIS was usually weakest, except when predicting total permanent disability. ConclusionsInjury severity was significantly associated with work disability and medical cost outcomes for work-related injuries. Injury severity can be estimated using either ICDMAP-90 or ICDPIC when ICD-9-CM codes are available. We observed little practical difference between severity measures or scoring methods. This study demonstrated that using existing software to estimate injury severity may be useful to enhance occupational injury surveillance and research.

PREDICTING WORK-RELATED DISABILITY AND MEDICAL COST OUTCOMES: A COMPARISON OF INJURY SEVERITY SCORES AND SCORING METHODS

BackgroundInjury severity scores were developed in part to predict mortality, but may also prove useful in predicting disability and cost-related outcomes.Aims/Objectives/PurposedThe objectives were (1) to describe the degree to which...

Preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Cuba, an industrially developing country

This paper briefly describes the history of ergonomics in Cuba and also presents some ergonomic interventions carried out in major economic sectors, focused on reducing musculoskeletal risk factors. Five studies concerning musculoskeletal risk factors were reviewed comparing the results of various ergonomic tools. Cuban legislation related to occupational health as well as statistics available on musculoskeletal disorders were examined. The reviewed studies were carried out using such universally recognized assessment tools as RULA, Strain Index, OWAS and NIOSH equations as well as human movement analysis software. The interventions presented are examples of a proactive approach to the improvement of workers' health. Musculoskeletal disorders are responsible for the second highest rate of total permanent disability in the Cuban work force. The prevailing approach to workers' health in terms of musculoskeletal disorders is basically reactive rather than proactive despite the commitment of the Cuban Government to the subject and a set of rules established to accomplish this goal. Simple tools for conducting a systematic evaluation of working conditions are needed in our context.

Total Permanent Disability in Washington

Total Permanent Disability in Washington