Total Oxidant Status Values Research Articles

Oxidative stress values of tumor core, edge, and healthy thyroid tissue in thyroid masses.

Reactive oxygen radicals play an important role in tumor formation, progression, and invasion. In this study, the aim was to investigate the relationship between the oxidative stress values of tumor core, edge, and healthy thyroid tissue in thyroid tumors. A total of 51 patients with thyroid tumor, 24-malignant, and 27-benign, were included in this study. Samples, measuring 5 × 5 × 5mm, were taken from the tumor core, edge, and healthy thyroid tissue of the participants. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were examined. The oxidative stress values of core, edge, and healthy thyroid tissue of all tumors (n = 51) were compared according to the localization. The participants were divided into two groups as malignant (Group 1: Differentiated thyroid cancers) and benign (Group 2: Multinodular goiter). The groups were compared according to tissue localizations. The TOS value of tumor edge was significantly higher than the values of tumor core and healthy thyroid tissue. The OSI value of tumor edge was significantly higher than the values of tumor core and healthy thyroid tissue. There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of TAS, TOS, and OSI values of tumor core. The OSI values in tumor edge and healthy thyroid tissue were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of TAS and TOS values of tumor edge and healthy thyroid tissue. The oxidative stress values of tumor edge were significantly higher than the tumor core and healthy thyroid tissue values. The oxidative stress values of tumor edge and healthy thyroid tissue were significantly higher in malignant thyroid tumors compared to benign thyroid tumors.

Antioxidant and Oxidant Status of Endemic Helleborus vesicarius

Plants are important antioxidant sources. In our study, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of endemic Helleborus vesicarius Aucher ex Boiss.were determined. The aerial parts of the plant samples were dried and extracted with ethanol (EtOH). TAS and TOS values of plant extract were determined using Rel Assay Diagnostics kits. As a result of the studies, the TAS value of H. vesicarius was determined 5.548±0.23, the TOS value was 13.778±0.119 and the OSI value was 0.249±0.009. In this context, the plant has been shown to have significant antioxidant potential.

Oxidant and antioxidant balance in children with bacteremia.

There is a crucial balance between oxidant and antioxidant defense mechanisms. We aimed to evaluate the role of the balance of these systems in children with bloodstream infection. We analyzed prospectively oxidant and antioxidant stress parameters from serum samples of children with BSI besides demographic and clinical data of children. Serum levels of the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), albumin, plasma thiol, disulphide, catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels, ferroxidase and arylesterase (ARES) activity were evaluated in both patients and healthy controls. A total of 113 children were evaluated, 50 of them had bacteremia and the remaining 63 were healthy subjects. The median TOS values were 18.5 μmol H2O2/L and 13.1 μmol H2O2/L in patient and control groups, respectively with a statistically significant difference between groups. The mean serum IMA levels were 0.8 ± 0.1 absorbance unit (ABSU) in patients and 0.5 ± 0.09 ABSU in control, the difference between groups was statistically significant. The native thiol, total thiol levels and the disulphide levels were significantly lower in the patient group as compared with the control group. The myeloperoxidase level was 136 U/L in patients and 107 in controls with a statistically significant difference between groups. TOS, IMA, MPO, and particularly plasma thiols seem good candidates for accurate diagnosis of bacteremia in children.

The effect of tramadol on oxidative stress total antioxidant levels in rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

To evaluate the protective effect of tramadol on renal tissue in rats with induced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R injury), and its effects on oxidative stress. Thirty adult, male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were selected as subjects. Rats were randomized into 3 groups: group 1, sham; group 2, renal I/R injury; and group 3, renal I/R+Tramadol. In order to obtain ischemia in groups 2 and 3, renal artery was clamped for 1 h. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were analyzed using biochemical assays in the serum samples. TOS values were measured as 1.68±0.4 in group 1, 3.35±1.0 in group 2, and 3.49±0.9 in group 3. When group 1 was compared with group 2 and group 3, the TOS values of group 1 were significantly lower (p<0.05), whereas there was no difference between group 2 and group 3 (p>0.05). TAC values were measured as 1.65±1.4 in group 1, 1.85±0.1 in group 2, and 2.79±0.6 in group 3. The antioxidant status of group 1 was not significantly different from that of group 2 (p>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (p>0.05). Tramadol has positive effects on antioxidant levels in renal I/R injury. We think that tramadol may be used in patients who underwent renal surgery and have I/R injury risk. There is a need for studies on this subject including human series.

Antioxidant Potential and Element Contents of Wild Edible Mushroom Suillus granulatus

Mushrooms are important natural resources in natural ecosystems. They have been used for centuries as a means of food, medicine and religious rituals for humans. In this study, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn contents of edible mushroom Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel were determined. Mushroom samples were collected from Hatay-Antakya (Turkey). Ethanol extracts of mushroom samples were obtained. TAS, TOS and OSI values were measured using Rel Assay kits. Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. As a result of the study, TAS value of S. granulatus was 3.143 ± 0.068 mmol/L, TOS value was 18.933 ± 0.195 µmol/L and OSI value was 0.603 ± 0.007. Cr content of S. granulatus was found to be high. As a result, wild edible mushroom S. granulatus had antioxidant potential.

Determination of Antioxidant and Oxidant Potentials of Pleurotus citrinopileatus Mushroom Cultivated on Various Substrates

Many mushroom species have been used by people for different purposes, from past to present. Cultivated mushrooms may show different biological effects depending on the content of the substrate they grown on. The present study aimed to determine the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer mushroom cultivated on five different substrates. The cultivated mushrooms were extracted with ethanol in a Soxhlet device. TAS, TOS and OSI of extracts were determined with Rel Assay kits. The highest TAS (3.125±0.038 mmol/L), TOS (10.786±0.313 µmol/L) and OSI (0.345±0.014) values were determined in the mushrooms grown on 90% beech sawdust+10% bran. The lowest TAS (2.316±0.042), TOS (1.246±0.044) and OSI (0.054±0.001) values were obtained from the mushrooms grown on 100% poplar sawdust.

The Effect of Nasal Steroid and Antihistamine Use on Total Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

The purpose of this study is to determine the post-treatment levels of total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS), that are increased due to pathophysiology, and to compare those with pre-treatment levels in allergic rhinitis patients.Material-Methods: Among 84 patients clinically diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, 31 patients were started only on nasal steroid treatment (mometasone furoate), and 53 patients were started on nasal steroid and oral antihistamine treatment (mometasone furoate + rupatadine fumarate 10 mg). Blood samples were taken from the patients at the first examination and at post-treatment month 1.TAS and TOS were measured from the blood samples. While no significant change was determined in mean TAS levels with treatment, a statistically significant decrease was determined in TOS values in post-treatment period (P < .01). There was no significant change in TAS and TOS values of patients only using nasal steroids, while a significant decrease was determined in post-treatment TOS values of patients using both nasal steroids and oral antihistamines (P < .001). It was determined that TOS values of women were significantly lower compared to men, and it was also reduced in seasonal allergic rhinitis compared to perennial allergic rhinitis (P < .05 for both). In allergic rhinitis patients, concomitant use of nasal steroids and antihistamines significantly decreases total oxidative stress. It may be stated that the addition of antihistamines to allergic rhinitis treatment positively affects treatment.

Determination of the total antioxidant and oxidant status of some galactagogue and herbal teas

This research was aimed to evaluate the total antioxidant status (TAS) and the total oxidant status (TOS) of galactagogues and herbal teas. Galactagogues and herbal teas used for other purposes were sold in the market for breastfeeding mothers and babies. Tea infusions were prepared by following brewing recipe on the package. TAS (mmol/L) and TOS (μmol/L) were measured and oxidative stress indices (OSI) were calculated. TAS values of the mixed-herbal teas in granule form that sold as still tea were found to be higher ((1.5±0.00)–(1.7±0.14) mmol/L) compared to other galactagogue tea types (P < 0.05). TAS value of the mixed-herbal tea in classic tea bag was (1.0±0.06) mmol/L while the TAS value of the vitamin added mixed-herbal tea was (3.0±0.00) mmol/L (P< 0.05). The TAS and TOS values of the night-teas were simultaneously found to be higher compared to herbal teas (P < 0.05). Besides, the highest OSI values among herbal teas was chamomile tea (6.96). In conclusion, antioxidant/oxidant status of galactagogues and other herbal teas might vary according to their form (powder or granule), type, variety of herbs in the composition, and the brand. Moreover, some galactagogues and other herbal teas have high levels of oxidant activity as well as antioxidant activity. Also, it seems that vitamin addition is important for balancing antioxidant/oxidant status of all tea types.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and DNA protection activities of phenolic content of Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.) P.Kumm.

Tricholoma is one of the famous genera of Basidiomycota division. Although some species of this genus have been used as culinary mushrooms, very negligible investigations have been conducted on Tricholoma genus phenolic contents and their biological activities. In the present study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and DNA protection properties of total phenolic contents of Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.) P. Kumm. (54% methanolic extract) were assessed. T. virgatum phenolic content was determined by an analytic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method based on compression with standard phenolic compounds including gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and coumaric acid. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were determined using Rel Assay kits. For DNA protective potential assay, pBR322 supercoiled DNA method was used. The antimicrobial activity assay was done based on the agar dilution method on six different microorganisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. The total phenolic contents of this mushroom lied within range of 2.02-56.85 ppm based on coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid as standards. TAS, TOS, and OSI values were determined as 3.754±0.088 mmol/L, 8.362 ±0.085 μmol/L, and 0.223 ±0.007, respectively. T. virgatum methanol extract could exhibit a protective effect on DNA against the hydroxyl radical at 100 μg/mL concentration. Although T. virgatum is not recommended as an edible mushroom, according to our results, this mushroom could be considered as valuable source for phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant/antimicrobial effects.

Stress response related to ultrasonographic examination in dogs

This study investigated whether abdominal ultrasonography, a frequently used examination method in clinics and hospitals, causes stress in dogs. For the study, 10 healthy dogs were used. Following general examination, intravenous catheters were placed in the V. cephalica accecorius of the dogs and blood specimens were collected to obtain serum and plasma samples (minute 0). After a 30- min break, ultrasonography was applied following shaving of the abdominal region. Serum and plasma samples were collected from the intravenous catheters at the 5th, 15th, and 20th minutes of the ultrasonographic examination during which the urinary bladder, left kidney, spleen, stomach, liver, right kidney, transverse colon, and ascending colon were examined. The total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), nitric oxide (NOx), and cortisol levels of serum and plasma samples were analyzed and differences were statistically determined with respect to time. No statistically significant time-dependent changes in the TAS and cortisol values were observed. However, there was a time-dependent change in the TOS and NOx values, but when comparing all the times, no changes were observed. The results showed that abdominal ultrasonographic examination, a routinely and frequently used method, does not induce any stress factors and therefore cannot lead to health problems.

Why do multiple sclerosis and migraine coexist?

BackgroundMigraine coexistence, which is high in multiple sclerosis (MS), is reported. To better understand the etiology of the coexistence of MS and migraine and the outcomes of this relationship, the vitamin D, vitamin D-binding protein (VITDBP), vitamin D receptor (VITDR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) values were examined in patients with the coexistence of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and migraine. MethodsThis study was conducted between January 1, 2019, and July 25, 2019, at the neurology and biochemistry clinics of two different tertiary hospitals simultaneously. Overall, 50 RRMS patients with migraine, 50 RRMS patients without migraine, and 50 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The participants’ vitamin D, VITDBP, VITDR, hs-CRP, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, TAS, TOS, and OSI values were measured. ResultsThe vitamin D and VITDR values of the RRMS patients with migraine were lower than those of the RRMS patients without migraine (respectively, p = 0.014, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the RRMS patients with and without migraine in terms of their VITDBP values (p = 0.570). The SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and TAS values of the RRMS patients with migraine were lower than those without migraine (all p < 0.001). The hs-CRP and TOS values of the RRMS patients with migraine were higher than those without migraine (all p < 0.001). ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on this topic to date. Based on the results, our study may shed light on the etiopathogenesis of the coexistence of MS and migraine and new treatments. However, more studies are needed to better understand the etiology of this relationship and its negative effects.

Investigation of oxidative stress in experimental periodontitis treated with myricetin

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of systemically applied myricetin on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in experimental periodontitis of rats. Materials and Methods: 24 Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into three groups. Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing a silk ligature around first molars teeth of the rats for 15 days. Following removal of the ligatures, Group 1: saline; Group 2: myricetin and Group 3: doxycycline were administered systemically. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum; and SOD and MDA levels in gingival tissue were determined by biochemical analysis. Results: Serum TAS increased and serum TOS and OSI values decreased in myricetin and doxycycline treated groups compared to saline group (P0.016). Gingival tissue SOD activity was increased in the group treated with doxycycline compared with the group treated with saline (P

Serum prolidase and oxidative stress levels in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a prospective, controlled study.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common disease characterized by single or multiple, self-healing, well-circumscribed, periodic ulcers occurring in the oral cavity. Although the relationship between recurrent aphthous stomatitis and oxidative stress has been extensively reviewed in the past, its relationship with prolidase enzyme levels has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate plasma antioxidant status and prolidase enzyme levels in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The serum total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, oxidative stress index, prolidase and paraoxonase levels of 34 recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients (mean age 35.1) and 34 healthy controls (mean age 37.7) were compared in this study. Total oxidant status was significantly higher in the recurrent aphthous stomatitis group (P < 0.005). The mean total oxidant status value was 5.19 mmol/L in the recurrent aphthous stomatitis group, while it was 2.90 mmol/L in the control group. Oxidative stress index was significantly higher in the recurrent aphthous stomatitis group (P = 0.016*). The mean oxidative stress index level was 0.28 AU in the recurrent aphthous stomatitis group, while it was 0.18 AU in the control group. When control and patient groups were compared, there was no significant difference between groups with regard to the total antioxidant status (P = 0.343). The total antioxidant status levels were 1.09 and 1.14 mmol/L in control and patient groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between PON1 levels of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and control groups (P = 0.218). Mean PON1 levels were 326 U/L in the recurrent aphthous stomatitis group and 381 U/L in the control group. Prolidase levels were not significantly different between recurrent aphthous stomatitis and control groups (P = 0.955). The mean prolidase level was 219.79 U/L in the recurrent aphthous stomatitis group and 219.26 U/L in the control group. The limitation of this study is the small size of both patient and control groups and exclusion of pediatric patients., Similar studies performed in pediatric patient populations with a comparison to adults may be useful in providing meaningful results. We detected that the total oxidant status and oxidative stress index was higher in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis as compared to healthy controls. We could not demonstrate a significant difference in total antioxidant status, PON1 and prolidase values.

Therapeutic effects of metformin for noise induced hearing loss.

This study aimed to investigate the healing effect of metformin on noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) by measuring audiological, biochemical and histological parameters. 32 rats were divided into four groups (Group 1: Noise, Group 2: Noise + Metformin, Grup 3: Metformin, Grup 4: Control). Broadband noise was applied to Group 1 and Group 2 after basal measurements. Measuring audiological (distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)), biochemical (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative status index (OSI), DNA damage, IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF alfa, HSF-1 and COX-2) and histological parameters. Group 2 had significant decreases in ABR thresholds on day 7 and day 14 compared to day 1. DPOAE values of Group 2 on the 7th and 14th days were significantly higher than the post-noise levels. DNA damage, TOS and OSI values of Group 1 were significantly higher than the other groups. The Cox-2 value of Group 1 was higher than all other groups. The HSF-1 value of Group 2 was significantly higher than that of Group 1. In terms of IL-1 Beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha values, there was no significant difference between groups 2, 3 and 4 and these values were significantly lower than group 1. In histopathological results of our study, no significant difference was found between the groups being exposed to noise and the control group. This study showed that early period of Metformin treatment has therapeutic effect on NIHL.

The Antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of edible mushroom Lycoperdon molle Pers. (Agaricomycetes)

This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol (EtOH) extract from Lycoperdon molle Pers. mushroom collected from Antalya (Turkey). Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were analyzed using Rel Assay Diagnostics kits. In addition, free radical scavenging activity was determined using the DPPH method. As a result of the studies, TAS, TOS and OSI values of L. molle were 1.855±0.072, 2.201±0.085 and 0.119±0.008, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of the fungus was at a normal level in comparison to the standards used, i.e. rosmarinic and caffeic acids. Consequently, it was determined that L. molle may be used as a source of natural antioxidants.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and therapeutic profile of Satureja hortensis from Erzincan Province

In this study, ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of the plant samples were obtained. The total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and antimicrobial activity of the different extracts of Satureja hortensis L. collected from Erzincan (Turkey) province were determined. Rel Assay Diagnostics kits are used to determine TAS, TOS and OSI values. Antimicrobial activity was determined with 9 different bacteria and fungi strain ( Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata ) using modified agar dilution method. The plant extracts in this study were antimicrobially effective between 25-800 µg/mL concentrations level on 9 different microorganisms strain. Also the plant extracts showed the highest activity against A. baumannii . As a result, S. hortensis plant from Erzincan province could be a good natural antioxidant and antimicrobial source with its high antioxidant and low oxidant capacity

Systemic Oxidant and Genotoxic Background in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the evidence of systemic oxidative stress and genotoxicity (DNA damage) in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Material -Method: The study comprised 26 patients with exudative AMD (68.9±1.9 years of age) and 26 age- and sex-matched (64.8±2.2 years of age) healthy controls (p=0.268, p=0.258, respectively). Serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured with a commercial kit. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. DNA damage was evaluated using comet analysis following lymphocyte isolation from venous blood. Parameters including tail length (TL) and tail moment (TM) were evaluated for quantitative analysis of DNA damage. Results: The AMD group had lower TAS and higher OSI values than in the control group, while TOS values did not differ between the two groups (p=0.006, p=0.039, p=0.319, respectively). Furthermore, TL (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and TM (p=0.005) were significantly higher in the AMD group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Systemic oxidative stress index and cumulative DNA damage appear to be increased in patients with exudative AMD.

Wild Edible Mushroom Cantharellus cibarius as a Natural Antioxidant Food

In this study, DPPH free radical activity, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of wild edible mushroom Cantharellus cibarius Fr. collected from Antalya (Turkey) province were determined. Ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of C. cibarius mushroom were obtained using soxhlet apparatus. TAS, TOS and OSI values were determined by using Rel Assay kits. Free radical scavenging activity was determined using DPPH method. As a result of the studies, TAS value of the mushroom was found as 5.268±0.059 mmol/L, TOS value was 6.380±0.256 μmol/L and OSI value was 0.121±0.005. DPPH free radical activity was determined as EtOH extract 70.52±0.50, MeOH extract 64.34±1.54 and DCM extract 61.72±0.59 in 1 mg/mL extract concentration of mushroom. As a result, edible C. cibarius mushroom could be a natural antioxidant source.

Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Oxidant Status of Preterm and Term Breast Milk during the Course of Lactation and within a Nursing Session

Breast milk (BM) contains antioxidant molecules which may offer protection against oxidative stress (OS). We aim to investigate oxidant-antioxidant balance in preterm BM during the course of lactation and within a nursing session. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured in colostrum, transitional, and mature BM samples of preterm infants born earlier than 34th week of pregnancy and healthy term infants. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Foremilk and hindmilk samples were collected separately. In colostrum and transitional milk, TAC (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and TOS (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively) were lower in preterm BM compared with term BM. OSI was also lower in preterm BM, but it was statistically significant only in transitional milk (p < 0.001). TAC was highest in colostrum and decreased through the course of lactation. However, the decrease in TAC was not statistically significant in preterm BM. Lowest values of TOS and OSI were observed in colostrum. In transitional term BM, hindmilk had a better oxidant-antioxidant profile as indicated by lower TOS and OSI. Oxidant-antioxidant balance is preserved in BM in every stage of lactation. Preterm BM has lower OSI which may offer benefits to preterm newborn against OS.

The levels of fetuin-a, osteopontin, total antioxidant and oxidant in patients with midline closure defects

Amaç: Orta Hat kapanma Defekti (OHD) yüksek morbidite ve mortalite ile ilişkili doğumsal spinal omurgaların birleşme kusurudur. OHD’li olan hastalarda Fetuin-A, Osteopontin, Total antioksidan ve oksidan seviyeleri bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada bu paramatrelerin OHD’li olan hastalarda düzeyleri ve hastalıkla olan ilişkisi araştırıldı.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya, 0-5 yaş grubu arasında OHD olan hastalar (Çalışma grubu, n=80) ve benzer yaşta sağlıklı çocuklar (Kontrol grubu, n=85) olmak üzere 165 olgu alındı. OHD olan olgular Spina Bifida Occulta (Grup I, n=22), Spinal Meningosel veya Miyelomeningosel (Grup 2, n=26) ve Hidrosefalisi olan (Grup 3, n=31) olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrıldı. Dağılımların normal olup olmadığı tek yönlü Kolmogorov–Smirnov testi ile değerlendirildi. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda, ki-kare, student t testi, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis varyans testleri kullanıldı. Tüm olgularda Fetuin-A ve Osteopontin sandviç enzim bağlantılı immün sistemi emici teknolojiye dayanarak ölçüldü, Total Antioksidan Status (TAS) ve Total Oksidan Status (TOS) spektrofotometrik olarak ölçüldü. TOS’un TAS’a oranıyla oksidatif stres indeksi (OSİ) hesaplandı.Bulgular: Hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında TAS düzeyleri benzerdi (p=0.230). TOS ve OSİ düzeyleri hastalarda, Fetuin-A ve Osteopontin değerleri ise kontrol grubunda daha yüksek bulundu (hepsi için, p&amp;lt;0.05). TAS düzeyleri hasta grupları arasında benzer, TOS, Fetuin-A, Osteopontin değerlerinde anlamlı farklıydı (hepsi için p&amp;lt;0.05). TOS, OSİ ve Fetuin-A düzeyleri grup I den III’e doğru giderek azalırken, osteopontin düzeyleri grup I’de en yüksek, grup 2’de ise en düşük olarak bulundu. Sonuç: OHD kapanma defekti, intrauterin dönemde meydana gelir. Embriyogenez aşamasında, ektodermal tabakadan gelişen nöral dokunun ve mezodermal tabakadan gelişen ve spinal kordun etrafını saran kemik ve cildin orta hatta yetersiz kapanması ile sonuçlanan bir malformasyondur. Bu yetersiz kapanma nöral tüpün herhangi bir yerinde meydana gelebilir. Nöral tüpün histogenezi ve organogenezi tamamlanması için biyolojik ve kimyasal aktif maddelere ihtiyaç duyarlar (2). Bu nedenle OHD’li hastaların fizyopatolojisinde, TOS, OSİ, Fetuin-A, Osteopontin değerlerinin rolü olabileceği düşünülmektedir.