Total Oxidant Levels Research Articles

Neuroprotective effects of phloretin and phloridzin on paclitaxel-induced neuronal damage in primary neuron cells

Purpose: Paclitaxel, is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic, causes neuron damage with some serious side effects such as neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy. In current study, we used phloretin and phloridzin to investigate their neuroprotective effects on paclitaxel-induced neuronal damage. 
 Materials and Methods: The neuroprotective effects of phloretin and phloridzin has been analyzed on cell culture of primary neuron cells and evaluated by testing cell viability, total oxidant and total antioxidant capacities and expression of caspase-3, caspase-9 and TNF-α. Paclitaxel administration caused cell death and significant increase of total oxidant levels and activation of apoptotic genes such as caspase-3, caspase-9 and TNF-α. 
 Results: Phloretin and phloridzin treatments at micromolar concentrations reduced paclitaxel-induced cell death by increasing total antioxidant levels. Also these two flavonoids protect neuron cells from apoptosis by decreasing caspase-3, caspase-9 and TNF-α gene expression. For this reason, these molecules may recover the oxidative damage, and restore normal cellular conditions. 
 Conclusion: This study shows the promising neuroprotective ability of the phloretin and phloridzin able to protect neuron cells from injury induced by paclitaxel, actively increasing antioxidant capacity, normalizing oxidant levels and consequently avoiding cell death.

Effects of Achillea millefolium on cisplatin induced ocular toxicity: an experimental study

Aim: Cisplatin is a widely used and highly effective anti-cancer agent and one of the limiting side effects of cisplatin is ocular toxicity. Achillea millefolium, also known as yarrow, is a plant that has been used for many years to treat various health problems including chemotherapy-related toxicities. Methods: The present investigation was designed to evaluate the biochemical, molecular and histopathological effects of Achillea Millefolium on cisplatin-induced oxidative and inflammatory ocular damage in rats. Twenty-four adult male rats were assigned randomly to four groups (n = 6) as (1) control, (2) cisplatin (7 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), (3) Cisplatin + Achillea millefolium (200 mg/kg, orally for 14 consecutive days), (4) Cisplatin + Achillea millefolium (400 mg/kg, orally for 14 consecutive days). Levels of total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status, SOD, MDA, IL-1β, and IL-10 were measured in ocular tissue. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α, nuclear factor kappa B and Caspase-3 were evaluated. Also, ocular sections were evaluated histopathologically. Results: Achillea Millefolium upregulated ocular antioxidant enzymes and downregulated inflammation. The SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity increased whereas total oxidant status and MDA levels decreased significantly at high dose group. High dose Achillea millefolium treatment reduced the IL-1β concentrations, whereas IL-10 levels increased significantly in that group. Moreover, we observed that Achillea millefolium restored ocular histopathological structure and significantly suppressed apoptosis by reducing the expression of Caspase-3. Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggest that Achillea millefolium have protective effects against cisplatin-induced ocular toxicity and is a promising adjuvant therapy with the potential to prevent cisplatin related ocular toxicity.

The effect of dexmedetomidine on liver injury secondary to lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion in a diabetic rat model

ABSTRACT Introduction: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the hepatic protective effects of dexmedetomidine in the lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion model in diabetic rats biochemically and histopathologically. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n = 6); Control (C) group, diabetic control group (DM), diabetic ischemia-reperfusion group (IR), group with diabetic IR and dexmedetomidine (DEX). In the IR and DEX groups were performed 120 min reperfusion after 120 min ischemia. In group DEX, 100 µ / kg dexmedetomidine was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before renal IR administration. Then, various histopathological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in liver tissue. Results: After ischemia-reperfusion, aspartate amino transaminase, alanine amino transaminase, total oxidant level, and thiobarbituric acid -reactive substances were increased, total thiol group and total antioxidant level were decreased and these parameters were found to improve in the group given dexmedetomidine. It was also observed that there was histopathological deterioration after ischemia-reperfusion and histopathological deterioration was found to be less with dexmedetomidine administration. Conclusion: The effects of lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion on hepatic tissue as distant organs were evaluated in diabetic rats, histopathologically, immunologically, biochemically, and liver damage was determined after ischemia-reperfusion, and dexmedetomidine was found to decrease liver damage.

The effects of mitochondrial transplantation in acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in rats

AimsAcetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is one of the leading causes of acute liver injury-related death and liver failure worldwide. In many studies, mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as an important cause of damage in APAP toxicity. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the possible effects of mitochondrial transplantation on liver damage due to APAP toxicity. Main methodsAPAP toxicity model was implemented by administering a toxic dose of APAP. To demonstrate the efficiency of mitochondria transplantation, it was compared with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) application, which is now clinically accepted. Mitochondrial transplantation was carried out by delivering mitochondria to the liver via the portal circulation, which was injected into the spleen. In our study, the rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as Sham, APAP, Control 1, APAP+mito, Control 2, and APAP+NAC. In the end of the experiment, histological and biochemical analysis were performed and the biodistribution of the transplanted mitochondria to target cells were also shown. Key findingsSuccessful mitochondrial transplantation was confirmed and mitochondrial transplantation improved the liver histological structure to a similar level with healthy rats. Moreover, plasma ALT levels, apoptotic cells, and total oxidant levels were decreased. It was also observed that NAC treatment increased GSH levels to the highest level among the groups. However, mitochondrial transplantation was more effective than NAC application in terms of histological and functional improvement. SignificanceIt has been evaluated that mitochondrial transplantation can be used as an important alternative or adjunctive treatment method in liver damage caused by toxic dose APAP intake.

Effect of Food Colorants Supplementation on Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Vitamins Level and DNA Damage

There are various undesirable products generated from endogenous aerobic metabolism such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Physiological and biochemical lesions are caused by ROS and which give rise to oxidative damages towards DNA, proteins and lipids which ultimately lead to cell death. This study was aimed to examine the effect of oral administration of food colorants (tartrazine and curcumin) on the oxidants and antioxidants level in blood and fecal of rats after 15, 30, and 45 days. Two doses were used based on the admissible daily intake (ADI) of 9.6 and 96 (high) mg/kg/body weight for tartrazine, 3.85 and 38.5 6 mg/kg/body weight for curcumin. The results showed that oral administration of tartrazine had significantly increased the total oxidant level, arylesterase, glutathione reductase, and MDA whereas there was significantly decreased the total antioxidants level, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in plasma and fecal after 30 and 45 days. Vitamin E and C were decreased in plasma. Fecal showed high level of vitamin A. High dose of tartrazine caused alteration in the aldehyde reactive probe (ARP) sites of DNA showing the DNA damage. After 45 day, significant increment was observed in the level of AST in low and high curcumin treated group. Whereas, elevations of arylestrase were seen in high curcumin group after 45 day. High dose of curcumin significantly (P≤ 0.05) decreased the concentration of vitamin C after 45 days of treatment and increased the level of vitamin E in plasma of treated groups after 30 and 45 days of treatment. The present study showed that the ADI and doses up to 10 times higher than ADI showed negative effects on antioxidant level and demonstrated the importance of using appropriate doses of food colorants such as tartrazine and curcumin in different processed food products.

The possible effects of mono butyl phthalate (MBP) and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on INS-1 pancreatic beta cells.

Mono-2-ethyhexyl phthalate (MEHP), an environmental xenoestrogen, is widely used in the production of polyvinyl chloride materials and can be easily accumulated in human body. MBP is the active monoester metabolite of di butyl phthalate that is widely used as plasticizer in many products such as plastic toys, food packaging, personal care products, as well as an additive in lubricants, eliminating foams, and lotions. The presented in-vitro cytotoxicity study focused on time-dependent and combinatory exposure scenarios. We chose these phthalates because they are posed a considerable interest because of their contribution to insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and obesity. All experiments performed in INS-1 pancreatic beta cells show moderate cytotoxicity with a time-dependent increase in effectiveness. INS-1 cells were treated with 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10-μM MEHP and MBP for 24, 48, and 72h. Our results showed that cell viability was decreased and total oxidant levels were increased. Also, mRNA expression levels with asscociated beta cells were measured and for MBP dose groups, all mRNA expression levels were decreased. In conclusion, these findings suggest that, MEHP and MBP are have a negative and distruptor role on pancreatic beta cells and it will be linked with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Comparison of Oxidant Stress Levels among Healthy, Chronic Periodontitis, and Ischemic Heart Disease Subjects with Presence or Absence of Chronic Periodontitis.

Objective:To investigate the total oxidant levels in healthy, chronic periodontitis (CP), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) and to check for any correlation among them.Materials and Methods:A sample of 80 were split into four groups of healthy subjects (Group I), CP subjects (Group II), IHD subjects (Group III), and IHD subjects having periodontitis (Group IV). The serum and saliva samples collected were analyzed for levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH-), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide radical (O2-).Results:There were significant (P < 0.05) variances in the mean serum and salivary levels of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, NO, and superoxide within the 4 groups. Oxidant levels of both serum and saliva were lower in disease groups of Group II, III, and IV as compared to healthy controls, with different patterns.Conclusion:The oxidant levels (H2O2, OH-, NO, and O2-) are significantly hampered in periodontitis and IHD subjects as compared to healthy subjects. The oxidants, whether serum or salivary, did not always show the proportional change as a result of change in oxidant stress due to disease as positive correlation was observed only in the serum H2O2 and salivary NO radical levels and between serum superoxide dismutase radical and salivary H2O2 in Group I. In Group III, there was a positive correlation between serum NO radical and salivary H2O2.

Preventive effect of Rumex crispus L. on surgically induced intra-abdominal adhesion model in rats.

Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae), known as "Labada" in Turkey, was reported to be used for the treatment of gynecological diseases such as postpartum complications and infertility in folk medicine. Earlier studies on R. crispus have shown that leaf, fruit and root extracts have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and are used for the treatment of tumors in the uterus. The hypothesis of this study is that R. crispus may generate potential anti-adhesive activity against complex factors such as inflammation, oxidation and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the potential anti-adhesive activity of aqueous methanol extracts of leaves, fruits and roots of R. crispus. Abdominal adhesion model was performed in 72 female Wistar Albino rats. In the first step of the experiment, the rats were divided into six groups namely, Sham, Control, Reference and Experimental Groups (consisting of three sub-groups in which R. crispus leaf, fruit and root extracts were applied at 100mg/kg dose). The test samples were administered once to the peritoneal cavity and the rats were sacrificied at the end of the 14th day. Root extract showed prominent activity, therefore this extract was subjected to fractionation to obtain 3 fractions (30-60-100% methanol fractions) by using vacuum-liquid chromatography. In the second stage, animals were divided into 6 groups as Sham, Control, Reference and Experimental Groups (R30, R60, R100 at 100mg/kg dose). Adhesion scoring, tissue total antioxidant and oxidant levels, histopathological and immunohistochemical (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) analyzes were performed. Adhesion scores, inflammatory cytokines and inflammation cells decreased by the application of R. crispus root extract. The fractions also showed similar anti-inflammatory effects, but R60 was found to be more effective in prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions and uterine fibrosis. R60 fraction, possessing potential bioactivity, was investigated in terms of phenolic composition by HPLC.

COMPARISON OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES DURING KICKBOXING COMPETITIONS

Background: Kickboxing is a high-intensity, intermittent combat sport, which is characterized by short-term complex abilities and tactical key movements. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the factors related to variability in potential biochemical parameters and competition behavior of high-level kickboxing athletes. Methods: Blood samples of athletes, which were obtained pre- and post-maximal competition applied in accordance with the period, were investigated. In the study, a total of 50 athletes, which consisted of 39 male and 11 female amateur athletes with a mean age of 20.08 ± 6.33. Results: Significant differences were determined in the Body Mass Index (BMI) values between females and males. It was determined that athletes’ Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Total Oxidant Level (TOL) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) values were significantly increased pre- and post-competition while it was determined that Total Antioxidant Level (TAL) were significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05). According to the findings, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences between serum antioxidant, oxidant and liver enzymes of amateur level kickboxing athletes pre- and post-competition. Conclusion: In conclusion, considering the effects of effects of strikes received on the chest area and the effects of the liver, which is located in the intersection of all metabolic pathways, on muscle, increases in liver enzymes is an ordinary situation. It was finally observed that the strikes received caused increases in liver enzyme levels while decreased TAL and increased TOL levels were encountered based on antioxidant enzyme levels spent for removing the free radicals formed as a result of heavy exercise.&#x0D; &#x0D; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0746/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Effects of Day and Night Shifts on Stress, Anxiety, Quality of Life, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Nurses.

AIMThis study aimed to determine the effects of day and night shift work on stress, anxiety, quality of life, and oxidative stress parameters in nurses.METHODThis was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study was conducted between October 2014 and January 2015. The study sample included 60 nurses working in a university hospital who met the inclusion criteria (n=60). A questionnaire was used to evaluate stress, quality of life, satisfaction with life, and anxiety sensitivity, and blood samples were obtained. In blood samples, total oxidant status and total antioxidant status, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels were measured. Descriptive statistics, t test, analysis of variance, and correlation analysis were performed for statistical analyses.RESULTSThese results revealed that the nurses employed in surgical clinics had a lower quality of life and higher anxiety sensitivity as compared to those employed in other clinics. In addition, significant relationships were detected between total oxidant status, total antioxidant status and cortisol levels and stress, quality of life, satisfaction with life, and anxiety sensitivity. TOS and TAS, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol levels; stress, quality of life, satisfaction with life, and anxiety sensitivity were similar between the nurses working daytime and in shifts.CONCLUSIONAs the stress level and anxiety sensitivity of the nurses increased, the total oxidant levels and cortisol levels increasedm and in contrast, the quality of life and overall satisfaction with life decreased.

Spectrochemical and biochemical assay comparison study of the healing effect of the Aloe vera and Hypericum perforatum loaded nanofiber dressings on diabetic wound

Diabetic wounds have a slow healing process and easy to be infected. In addition to current drug treatments, supportive approaches are needed for diabetic wound treatment. In this study, we aimed to load Aloe Vera (AV) and Hypericum perforatum oil (HPO) with PCL/Ge (Poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/Gelatine) polymeric biodegradable by electrospinning method into nanofiber dressings on an experimental diabetic wound model to compare the diabetic wound healing effect. Changes in the amount and chemical structure of phospholipids, proteins, and lipids were investigated in the blood and serum samples of the animals using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. To evaluate biological events associated with the wound repair process in inflammatory phase we used oxidant and antioxidant status to determine the healing status of wounds such as Total antioxidant status (TAS), Total oxidant level (TOS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. TOS level increased in DM groups and decreased in the AV and HPO group. Oxidative stress index decreased and TNF-α level increased in the HPO group. FTIR spectra showed changes in the phospholipids, proteins, and carbon chain of lipids in the whole blood as well as serum of DM rats. FTIR spectra combined with Principal component analysis (PCA) showed, that treated DM rats by AV and HPO caused return chemical structure of blood and serum to this observed in control group. Higher similarity with control group for HPO rats was observed. HPO is better than AV in the alternative for healing on diabetic wound. Thus, we have demonstrated that IR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis and biochemical assays are consistent and correlative with each other.

Investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effects of colchicine against PC3 prostate cancer cells

This work examined the cytotoxic effects of colchicine on PC3 cells and elucidated the possible underlying mechanisms of its cytotoxicity. The cells were exposed to colchicine at different concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ng/mL for 24 h, and it showed considerable cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 22.99 ng/mL. Mechanistic studies also exhibited that colchicine treatment results in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase as well as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased early and late apoptotic cells. The apoptotic and DNA-damaging effects of colchicine have also been verified by fluorescence imaging and ELISA experiments, and they revealed that while colchicine treatment significantly modulated expression as increases in Bax, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP, and 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine levels and as a decrease of BCL-2 protein expression. Besides, colchicine treatment significantly increased the total oxidant (TOS) level, which is a signal of oxidative stress and potential cause of DNA damage. Finally, the results of quantitative real-time PCR experiments demonstrated that colchicine treatment concentration-dependently suppressed MMP-9 mRNA expression. Overall, colchicine provides meaningful cytotoxicity on PC3 cells due to induced oxidative stress, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased DNA damage, and finally increased apoptosis in PC3 cells. Nevertheless, further research needs to be conducted to assess the potential of colchicine as an anticancer drug for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Thymoquinone improves testicular damage and sperm quality in experimentally varicocele-induced adolescent rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of thymoquinone against the negative effects of varicocele on testicular tissue and sperm morphology. Five groups were formed by random selection from a total of 40 adult male Wistar rats (n=8). Thymoquinone (5mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally to the varicocele-dimethyl sulfoxide-olive oil-thymoquinone (VT) group and the sham-thymoquinone group. At the end of the 60th day, all groups were anaesthetised and the left testis was removed from the body quickly. One half of the testis tissue, which was divided into two, was separated for biochemical and Western blot analysis, while the other half were fixed in Bouin's fixative. As a result of biochemical, molecular and histopathological analyses, a statistically significant increase was found in the varicocele group testicular tissues in the malondialdehyde level, apoptotic index, Bax expression, cytochrome c expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio compared with the sham group. In addition, histopathological changes characterised by partial or complete degeneration of the germinal epithelium were observed in the seminiferous tubules in the same group. Total oxidant status level and sperm count with abnormal morphology increased in varicocele group, whereas total antioxidant status level decreased. In the VT group, all of the biochemical, molecular and histopathological changes detected in the varicocele group were statistically significantly reduced. When the findings obtained in this study are evaluated, it can be said that thymoquinone has the potential to be used as a preventive and therapeutic pharmacological agent in the medical treatment of varicocele. Although the exact mechanism of action of thymoquinone has not been fully elucidated, the findings obtained in this study support the view that thymoquinone showed a cytoprotective effect by reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

Antioxidant Activity and Element Content of Suillus collinitus

Mushrooms used as food have medicinal importance due to their antioxidant compounds. In this context, it is very important to determine the biological potential of fungi and to reveal these medicinal properties. In this study, it was aimed to determine the element contents, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index of Suillus collinitus (Fr.) Kuntze mushroom. In this context, the mushroom samples were extracted with ethanol in the Soxhlet extractor. Element contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Total antioxidant (TAS) and total oxidant (TOS) levels and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined using Rel Assay commercial kits. As a result of the study, it was determined that the TAS value of S. collinitus was 2.467 ± 0.145 mmol/L, TOS value was 17.845 ± 0.273 µmol/L and OSI value was 0.677 ± 0.030. In addition, the Fe content (350.72 ± 10.23), Cu content (68.11 ± 2.51), Pb content (11.58 ± 2.43), Zn content (10.46 ± 1.28) and Ni content (1.47 ± 0.21 mg.kg-1) of S. collinitus measured. As a result, S. collinitus mushroom is thought to be a natural source of antioxidants. It has also been observed that the element contents are at normal levels.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on kidney tissue, matrix metalloproteinase-2, irisin and oxidative stress in a diabetes mellitus model

ABSTRACT DM mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease; diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a primary cause of chronic kidney disease. Oxidation, energy imbalance, and enzyme and cytokine changes contribute to the development and progression of DN. We investigated the possible effects of the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), on kidney morphology, apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) activity, irisin levels and oxidative stress in an experimental DM model. We used four equal groups of Wistar albino male rats: control, DM, DM + NAC and NAC. Kidney tissues were evaluated for oxidation state, MMP-2, irisin, caspase-3 and histopathology. In the DM group, total oxidant status level, MMP-2 and caspase-3 immunoreactivity were increased, irisin immunoreactivity and total antioxidant status (TAS) were decreased and histological damage was evident. In the DM + NAC group, all changes were significantly improved. NAC exhibited protective effects against DN.

Prevention of toxic effects of orally administered tartrazine by crocin in Wistar rats

Tartrazine is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries worldwide, despite its many toxic effects. The therapeutic effects of crocin (50 mg/kg/day) against tartrazine-induced (500 mg/kg/day) oxidative damage in ileum and colon tissues in rats have been investigated. Malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels elevated by tartrazine within the ileum and colon tissues were reduced with crocin treatment, while tartrazine decreased antioxidative parameters (glutathione, total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were reverted. Tartrazine-induced histopathological changes of ileum and colon tissues were ameliorated following crocin treatment. In conclusion, Tartrazine consumption elicited tissue injury via lipid peroxidation, and crocin ameliorated oxidative injury by its antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties.

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH EUTHYMIC BIPOLAR DISORDER

Objective: To investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and cognitive functions in bipolar patients. Methods:The sample of the study consisted of 50 patients and 50 healthy volunteers who applied to the Department of Psychiatry. Global Clinical Monitoring Scale (GCMS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), serial step learning test (SDLT), Stroop Test Basic Sciences Research Group Form (ST-TBAG), Preliminary Evaluation Battery ( ST-TBAG) FAB) was applied to healthy volunteers with a socio-demographic data form. In addition, venous blood was collected and Total Oxidant Level (TOL) and Total Antioxidant Level (TAL) were measured. Results:TOL and OSI levels were found to be significant between the patient groups and the control group in the tests and measurements performed (p <0.01). The stroop test applied to both the patient and the control group was statistically significant in terms of Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and number series learning test (p <0.05). In addition, there was a statistically significant relationship between FAB and TOL (p: 0.012 r: -0.353) and OSI (p: 0.014 r: -0.346) applied to patients. Conclusion: As a result, there was a significant correlation with oxidative parameters and disorder in cognitive function tests compared to the control group.

Thiol / disulfide balance and oxidative stress parameters in pediatric patients diagnosed with acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Changes in oxidative stress and thiol / disulfide balance are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Our study investigates total oxidant level (TOS), total antioxidant level (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) levels and thiol / disulfide balance in pediatric patients with acute and chronic ITP. Thirty four patients with acute ITP, eighteen patients with chronic ITP and thirty three healthy children (control) were included. TOS, TAS, OSI, thiol / disulfide balance were analyzed. In acute ITP, TAS levels were lower than chronic ITP and control, TOS and OSI levels were higher than control, and native thiol level was lower than chronic ITP (p < 0.05). In acute ITP; disulfide level, disulfide / native thiol and disulfide / total thiol ratios were higher than chronic ITP and control, and native thiol / total thiol ratio was lower than chronic ITP and control group (p = 0.038, p = 0.018, respectively). TOS and OSI levels of the chronic ITP were higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The results of this study have shown that oxidative stress increases in children with acute ITP and chronic ITP, that thiol / disulfide balance is disrupted in favor of disulfide in acute ITP, and that thiol / disulfide balance isn`t disrupted in chronic ITP patients whose platelet count is close to normal and who don`t require treatment.

Investigation of Oxidative Stress in Relapse and Remission Periods of Patients with relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The role of oxidative stress has gained importance in the pathogenesis of free radicals in cells such as protein, lipid, and nucleic acids by showing myelin loss and axonal degeneration. In this study, serum total oxidant level total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and paraoxonase (PON) in patients with relapsing-remitting-MS (RRMS) were examined. The hypothesis was that antioxidants might indicate the attack phase or the progression phase. Methods: Twenty-four patients with RRMS known to have undergone new attacks and 24 healthy controls whose demographic data were appropriate were included. PON and TAS/TOS measurements were performed once in the healthy group and twice in the serum samples of patients during relapse and remission periods. The Number Cruncher Statistical System 2007 and Power Analysis and Sample Size 2008 Statistical Software (Utah, USA) program was used for statistical analysis. Results: TAS, TOS, and PON levels were similar in the patient and control groups during the attack. In remission, only a positive, statistically significant relationship between the duration of the disease and TAS measurements was noted (r = 0.435; P = 0.034). No significant relationship was found between sociodemographic characteristics, illness duration, laboratory/imaging findings, and antioxidant parameters in blood. Conclusion: In this study, TOS, TAS, OSI, and PON serum levels had no role in determining attack and remission periods in RRMS. There were only significant differences between disease duration and TAS results during the remission period. Following TAS results may help in monitoring progression in patients with early MS.

Hydrogen-rich saline reduces tissue injury and improves skin flap survival on a rat hindlimb degloving injury model

Degloving injuries represent a challenge in plastic surgery. The aim of this study is to acknowledge the protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) solution on a rat hindlimb degloved skin flap. Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (control, saline and HRS). Degloving injury model was established, and flaps were sutured back following 5min of ischemia. The control group did not receive any treatment. The saline group received intraperitoneal physiological saline (10 ml/kg) and the HRS group received intraperitoneal HRS solution (10 ml/kg) postoperatively and daily for 5 days after the operation. Skin samples were obtained for histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical evaluations. Inflammation was lower in the HRS compared with saline (p = 0.02) and control (p = 0.004) groups. Edema was lower in the HRS compared with saline (p = 0.02) and control (p = 0.001) groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was lower in the HRS than the control group (p = 0.01). Total antioxidant level was higher in the HRS compared with saline (p = 0.009) and control (p = 0.03) groups. Total oxidant level was lower in the HRS than the control group (p = 0.02). Oxidative stress index was lower in the HRS compared with saline (p = 0.001) and control (p = 0.0001) groups`. Vascular proliferation was higher in the HRS compared with the control group (p = 0.01). Repeated HRS injections after trauma increased the viability of skin flap in rat degloving injury model by decreasing local tissue injury, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects.