<p>The aim of the study was to examine the strength and energy of seed germination in <em>Allium victorialis</em>. Despite the normal structure of seeds containing a viable embryo and compliance with all International Seed Testing Association recommendations, no germination in <em>A. victorialis</em> was observed. Additionally, the scarification and stratification treatments applied did not improve the dynamics of germination of <em>A. victorialis</em> seeds. Microbiological analyses of soil sampled from natural localities of the plant revealed a typical composition of bacteria and fungi. The high number of fungi [4.5 log<sub>10</sub>CFU (colony forming units) of fungi × g<sup>−1</sup> dry mass of soil] and various groups of bacteria (about 7.0 log<sub>10</sub>CFU of bacteria × g<sup>−1</sup> dry mass of soil) were detected in the root-free-soil around garlic roots. In the interior of <em>A. victorialis</em> roots, the number of microorganisms decreased 1000 to 10 000 times but all the tested microbial groups, especially copiotrophic bacteria and fungi (1.6 and 2.2, respectively, log<sub>10</sub>CFU × g<sup>−1</sup> dry mass of roots) were detected.</p><p>Changes in such parameters as dehydrogenase activity, pH values, and the total organic C (TOC) content in the particular parts of the rhizosphere and in comparison to the rhizosphere with root-free-soil were observed. The dehydrogenase activity and TOC content were highly positively correlated with the total number of CFU of the microorganisms.</p>