Total Number Of People Research Articles

Theoretical model of “ship paramedic” psychogram

In the light of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the strategy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation...” an increase in the volume of ship traffic along the Northern Sea Route is expected. With the increase of ship traffic the absolute number of cases when it is necessary to render the first aid to injured ship crew members will also increase. According to the Russian legislation, ship's crew medical officer is not to be provided if total number of people on the vessel is less than 40 people. At the same time the evacuation arm over considerable length of the Northern Sea Route is from several hundreds to thousands kilometers and weather conditions in those latitudes are harsh and changeable for the most part of the year. In such circumstances quick evacuation of a casualty to a specialized institution by air ambulance or ground transport and timely arrival of a trained and properly equipped medical crew to a ship are extremely difficult. Besides, the actual volume of the medical aid which the injured on the ship can need goes far beyond the concept “first aid” and includes both the procedures and manipulations, related to the concepts of “emergency” and (or) “prehospital care” and medical care. According to the international normative-legal acts, the function of first aid rendering to victims on a ship of civil fleet within the framework of a ship role is entrusted to a crew member who has no profile medical education, but who passed and successfully passed qualification examinations on the course of rendering aid and medical care to victims on the ship. It is known that passing the qualification exam by specialty and putting the obtained knowledge and skills into practice in conditions of emergency on a vessel are characterized by different context and require different competences, personal qualities and skills from a person. Up to the present time the Russian Federation has not developed a professiogram – a reference point for assessing the degree of expressed properties and qualities in applicants for maritime specialties. The article touches upon the problem of semantic content of the notion “ship's paramedic” and offers a theoretical model of its psihogram.

Effectiveness Of Social Media On Youth In Relation To Their Social Life In Kerala

Social Networking has become a global phenomenon. Millions of people now use internet to engage on social networks. As in, there are more than 300 Social Networking Sites (SNS) and the total number of people using Social Networking Sites around the world is 1.73 billion according to 2013 Sensex. In few years, the usage of Social Networking Sites has surprisingly grown. These Social Networking Sites offers a wide variety of resources and services such as messaging, sharing of information, online marketing, blogging, connecting, sharing photos, audios, videos, group discussion, and distribution of applications. Consequently; especially youth, are the avid users of these sites. And, the usage of Social Networking Sites among the youth has increased rapidly throughout the world. Evidently, Social Networking Sites have become significant part of our lives. However, the study has been set forward to analyse the influence of Social Networking Sites on the interpersonal relationships of youth in Kerala state. Humans are social animals and Interpersonal Relationships are a very vital aspect of human existence. Hence, the impact of Social Networking Sites on interpersonal relationships needs to be examined through the lens of Sociology.

First experimental Results of an Observational study on the application of Electrical Stimulation in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Aims: According to the World Health Organization, between 1980 and 2014 the total number of people with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million to 422 million and by the end of 2020, the total number was approximately 463 million. The most frequent complication in this type of patient is diabetic foot ulcer, where conventional treatments generally fail to solve the problem and in many cases the condition ends with amputation. In 1998, an electrical stimulator was developed, called Stimul W, whose application in the healing of pressure and venous ulcers has yielded satisfactory results, allowing not only to obtain the Medical Registry by health entities in Cuba and other countries and even patent the mentioned equipment, but it has been achieved, in more than two decades of work, the healing of 1,191 ulcers of both types, with 94.5% effectiveness, a healing time that ranges between 21 and 42 days , according to the characteristics of the ulcer and without recurrence in any case treated. Starting in 2015, the application of this technique began in diabetic foot ulcers with the objectives of measuring the effectiveness and achieving an alternative treatment for this type of injury. In the present work a brief compilation of the results achieved in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer using electrical stimulation is shown. Statistical Model: 31 diabetic patients, over 40 years old, with a total of 38 diabetic foot ulcers (some patients had more than one lesion) were treated, with times with the ulcer ranging between 1 and 6 months. The treatment consisted of a daily application for 30 minutes, using the Stimul W electrical stimulator, through the use of self-adhesive electrodes, conveniently placed around the affected area and on healthy skin, with current values ​​corresponding to scale 8 of the stimulator, approximately 1.5 mA and using the two stimulation channels Results: Results: In 27 of the 31 patients treated, the ulcer was healed with an effectiveness of 87%. In relation to ulcers, 33 ulcers healed in total, for 86.8% effectiveness. Average healing times were between 30 and 42 days, considering a daily session. Conclusion: Acceleration of healing was achieved with respect to conventional treatments, reducing healing times, and not producing adverse events during and after the application of the treatment.

Introducing fairness in Norwegian air ambulance base location planning

BackgroundA primary task of the Norwegian helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) is to provide advanced medical care to the critical ill and injured outside of hospitals. Where HEMS bases are located, directly influences who in the population can be reached within a given response time threshold and who cannot. When studying the locations of bases, the focus is often on efficiency, that is, maximizing the total number of people that can be reached within a given set time. This approach is known to benefit people living in densely populated areas, such as cities, over people living in remote areas. The most efficient solution is thus typically not necessarily a fair one. This study aims to incorporate fairness in finding optimal air ambulance base locations.MethodsWe solve multiple advanced mathematical optimization models to determine optimal helicopter base locations, with different optimization criteria related to the level of aversion to inequality, including the utilitarian, Bernoulli-Nash and iso-elastic social welfare functions. This is the first study to use the latter social welfare function for HEMS.ResultsFocusing on efficiency, a utilitarian objective function focuses on covering the larger cities in Norway, leaving parts of Norway largely uncovered. Including fairness by rather using an iso-elastic social welfare function in the optimization avoids leaving whole areas uncovered and in particular increases service levels in the north of Norway.ConclusionsIncluding fairness in determining optimal HEMS base locations has great impact on population coverage, in particular when the number of base locations is not enough to give full coverage of the country. As results differ depending on the mathematical objective, the work shows the importance of not only looking for optimal solutions, but also raising the essential question of ‘optimal with respect to what’.

The Impact of the Mobile Money on People’s Use of Financial Services in Sub-Sahara Africa

Abstract This paper details the impact of mobile money financial technology on financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa. The research methodology used was descriptive research design with the use of secondary information sources to collect panel data. The research model had Financial Technology as the independent variable and the dependent variable was Financial Inclusion. The analysis of data was done using Stata 15. From the interpretation of the findings using the panel data on the 14 selected Sub-Saharan countries, it was found that the increase in the number of registered mobile money agents per 100,000 adults led to an increase in the total number of people using the financial services per 100,000 adults in Sub-Sahara Africa. Furthermore, the relationship between the registered mobile money agents per 100,000 adults and the total number of people using financial services was proven to be significant at a 5% level of significance.

Drinkers in the micro-social environment of the inhabitants of Ukraine. Age and gender characteristics

The purpose of the work is to determine in the Ukrainian society the scale of harm inflicted by drinkers to other persons, as well as the gender and age characteristics of this harm. In four regions of Ukraine (Kharkiv, Lugansk and Zaporizhzhia regions, Kyiv), during 2018-2020, 1,742 people were examined from three qualitatively different comparison groups: patients with alcohol dependence (393 people); their healthy relatives (274 people) and representatives of the general population (1075 people). The main research tool was the questionnaire of the international research consortium GENAHTO (Gender, Alcohol, and Harms to Others). It was shown that, in general, drinkers are present in the microsocial environment of 27.62 % of the surveyed healthy respondents. Extrapolation of this indicator to the entire population of Ukraine suggests that the total number of people who suffer in one way or another due to the drinkers in their environment is about 11.6 million people. In addition, the drinkers frequency in the environment of respondents can be used to determine the real number of people with alcohol problems in our country. Preliminary calculations indicate that this number is from 1.5 to 2.2 million people. The drinkers frequency in the environment of the respondents significantly depends on the age of the latter. The highest values of this indicator are characteristic of the respondents in the age category 40—59 years old” (31.43 % for men and 41.27 % for women). The subjective perception of harm from drinkers in the environment grows steadily with increasing age of the respondents, while this growth is most pronounced in women.

Anti-Osteoporosis Drugs for Overall Mortality in the Old (Ages ≥ 50 Years) and Oldest-Old (Ages ≥ 75): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Findings from recent meta-analyses of anti-osteoporosis drugs have shown that there is no association of anti-osteoporosis drugs with overall mortality, possibly because of population limitations such as age, sex, the presence or absence of fractures, and other parameters, which are associated with increased mortality in the elderly. There is no report about possible associations between anti-osteoporosis drugs and overall mortality in the old (ages ≥ 50 years) or oldest (ages ≥ 75 years) population. The purpose of using anti-osteoporosis drugs is not only to improve bone mineral density and reduce fractures, but also to prolong life expectancy, especially in the old or oldest population. We determined the association between anti-osteoporosis drugs and overall mortality in the old and oldest populations, and determined the effects of different demographic parameters. Methods: We searched Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Database, and PubMed from inception to January 10, 2021, for trials reporting the effects of anti-osteoporosis drugs on overall mortality. The effects of calcium and vitamin D were excluded. We included all randomized trials comparing interventions with different anti-osteoporosis drugs, and we included elderly (ages ≥ 50 years) without other metabolic bone diseases. We pooled data using a fixed effects meta-analysis with weighted mean differences and reported 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also used the I² statistic to assess heterogeneity in the results of individual studies. The primary endpoint was the total number of people in the drug treatment and placebo groups, and the number of deaths during the follow-up periods. Findings: Of 23,242 citations identified by the search strategy, 25 studies (mean duration: 3.0 years, comprising 93,782 participants; 91.4% women; average age: 73.2 years) met the inclusion criteria. A total of 21 studies were mainly comprised of Caucasians. In 25 studies, anti-osteoporosis drugs included bisphosphonate, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), parathyroid hormone analogues, receptor-activated nuclear factor-κB ligand inhibitor, anti-sclerostin antibodies. and strontium ranelate. One of the studies used two anti-osteoporosis drugs compared with placebos, while all the other studies used one anti-osteoporosis drug.In the elderly population, anti-osteoporosis drugs did not reduce individual mortalities (weight RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.90–1.02), with heterogeneity among trials (I² = 2%, p = 0.43); however, none of the anti-osteoporosis drugs was significantly associated with overall mortality. Stratified analyses were performed according to age and sex, with osteoporosis, and with or without fractures. In different age groups (> 65 years of age, > 75 years of age, and > 80 years of age), the associations between anti-osteoporosis drugs and overall mortalities were not significant. In the female and male groups, none of the associations between anti-osteoporosis drugs and overall mortality were significant. In the with or without osteoporosis groups, these drugs did not reduce overall mortalities. However, these drugs did show reduced mortality (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70–0.99), but only in the group with fractures. Interpretation: None of the anti-osteoporosis drugs reduced overall mortality, but in the old population with recent fractures, these drugs showed a reduced overall mortality. The association between anti-osteoporosis drugs and overall mortality did not influence by age and sex. The use of these drugs in the old and oldest populations was safe, and was effective in patients with fractures. Funding Statement: This work was supported by grants from the Chongqing Health and Family Planning Commission (No. 2015MSXM016), Chongqing Development and Reform Commission (No. [2013] 1420), and National Key Clinical Specialties Construction Program of China (No. [2013] 544). Declaration of Interests: None.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FEDERAL ASSURANCE PROGRAM OF SUPPORTING BENEFICIARIES WITH INDISPENSABLE MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The aim of the research was to study the main indicative indicators of the implementation of The Federal Program “Provision of Essential Medicines” in 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on the results of 2018 and 2019.Materials and methods. The analyzed data were provided on the basis of the request cards specially designed by the health authorities of 20 subjects of the Russian Federation located in seven federal districts.Results. It has been established that the funds allocated to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, directly depend on the number of beneficiaries who retained the right to receive state social assistance in the form of a set of social services. These funds also correlate with the indicator “Population of the subject of the Russian Federation”. In all the studied constituent entities of the Russian Federation, more than 50% of the total number of people who retained the right to preferential drug provision in 2018–2019, asked for medical help as part of the program “Provision of Essential Medicines”. Herein, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the average cost of one prescription amounted to 1,107.2 rubles in 2018 and 1,297.2 rubles in 2019. The estimated indicator “The average actual expenditures per 1 citizen entitled to state social assistance in the form of a set of social services, amounted to 1,723.0±90.2 rubles in 2018 and 1,526.8±80.5 rubles in 2019, which is higher than the approved input normative (823.3 rubles and 861.8 rubles in 2018 and 2019, respectively).Conclusion. Thus, an excess of average actual expenditures per citizen entitled to state social assistance in the form of a set of social services, was notified over the standards established by the decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation. The revealed discrepancy between the normative and actual expenditures can also be an indirect confirmation of the fact that the most needy beneficiaries with chronic diseases remained in the program “Provision of Essential Medicines”.

OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSIS OF NODULAR THYROID DISEASES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Currently in the world there is a steady rise in the number of patients with pathology of the thyroid gland (TG). The total number of people on Earth suffering from goiter exceeds 600 million people and continues to grow. The problem of early diagnosis and timely adequate treatment of pathological formations of the thyroid gland, which today occur in 4-10% of the population, is still relevant. According to S. I. Ismoilov, the incidence of nodular euthyroid diseases ranges from 10 to62%. Under the term "nodular diseases", nodular colloidal goiter (UKZ), adenomas, "pseudonodes" in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CHAIT), various morphological variants of PC, as well as their combinations are considered. In this article, the question of modern possibilities of complex diagnostics of thyroid nodules is considered.Keywords:Nodular formation, thyroid gland, TI-RADS, ultrasound

Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea, 2020: An Appraisal of Current Status.

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the recent prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes among Korean adults aged ≥30 years by analyzing nationally representative data.MethodsThis study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018, and the percentage and total number of people ≥30 years of age with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were estimated.ResultsIn 2018, 13.8% of Korean adults aged ≥30 years had diabetes, and adults aged ≥65 years showed a prevalence rate of 28%. The prevalence of IFG was 26.9% in adults aged ≥30 years. From 2016 to 2018, 35% of the subjects with diabetes were not aware of their condition. Regarding comorbidities, 53.2% and 61.3% were obese and hypertensive, respectively, and 72% had hypercholesterolemia as defined by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥100 mg/dL in people with diabetes. Of the subjects with diabetes, 43.7% had both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. With regard to glycemic control, only 28.3% reached the target level of <6.5%. Moreover, only 11.5% of subjects with diabetes met all three targets of glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and LDL-C. The percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates was higher in diabetes patients than in those without diabetes, while that from protein and fat was lower in subjects with diabetes.ConclusionThe high prevalence and low control rate of diabetes and its comorbidities in Korean adults were confirmed. More stringent efforts are needed to improve the comprehensive management of diabetes to reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.

Treatment rates for alcohol use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To estimate the treatment rate for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in the general adult population. Treatment rates were also considered in relation to economic differences. Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases to identify studies that reported treatment rates for alcohol use disorders in the general population. Independent reviewers screened the articles based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. We conducted quality assessments of the included studies. The overall treatment rates were estimated from studies that reported any treatment for AUDs from healthcare or informal non-healthcare settings (any treatment). We estimated the separate treatment rates for each diagnostic category as reported in the primary studies: AUD as a single disorder, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Data were pooled using a random-effect model. Thirty-two articles were included to estimate the treatment rates (percentage treated among the total number of people with AUDs). The pooled estimate of people with AUDs who received any treatment were 14.3% (95% CI: 9.3-20.3%) for alcohol abuse, 16.5% (95% CI: 12-21.5%) for alcohol dependence and 17.3% (95% CI: 12.8-22.3%) for AUD. A subgroup analysis by World Bank economic classification of countries found that the treatment rate for AUD was 9.3% (95% CI: 4.0-15.7%) in low and lower-middle-income countries. Globally, approximately one in six people with AUDs receives treatment. Treatment rates for AUDs are generally low, with even lower rates in low and lower-middle-income countries.

Cardiovascular reactivity and burnout syndrome of medical personnel

Purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between latent alcohol consumption, burnout syndrome and the cardiovascular system reactivity of nurses. It was shown that the total number of people with burnout syndrome revealed signs of systematic alcohol consumption significantly more often than without signs of EBS (P = 0.001). there were 8% of people in the first group and 23% of people in the second with a high probability of addiction to nicotine and coffee. In a group of people with a high level of alcohol consumption (from 2.6 to 9.9 drinks), a decrease in the adaptive potential of cardiovascular system was revealed in 45% of cases. The dose-dependent effects of alcohol togather with EBS are interrelated with the VLF index. At the same time, pearson’s correlation of the VLF index (neuroendocrine component) with the amount of alcohol consumed was significant rp = 0,291; P = 0,05 (double-sided). The lower activity of alcohol consumption was influenced by the marital status of the surveyed persons, regardless of the service length. It is concluded that alcohol has a negative effect on the cardiovascular system, which leads to a decrease in the professional suitability of medical personnel and a more pronounced burnout syndrome.

Fine-Grained Crowd Counting

Current crowd counting algorithms are only concerned about the number of people in an image, which lacks low-level fine-grained information of the crowd. For many practical applications, the total number of people in an image is not as useful as the number of people in each sub-category. For example, knowing the number of people waiting inline or browsing can help retail stores; knowing the number of people standing/sitting can help restaurants/cafeterias; knowing the number of violent/non-violent people can help police in crowd management. In this article, we propose fine-grained crowd counting, which differentiates a crowd into categories based on the low-level behavior attributes of the individuals (e.g. standing/sitting or violent behavior) and then counts the number of people in each category. To enable research in this area, we construct a new dataset of four real-world fine-grained counting tasks: traveling direction on a sidewalk, standing or sitting, waiting in line or not, and exhibiting violent behavior or not. Since the appearance features of different crowd categories are similar, the challenge of fine-grained crowd counting is to effectively utilize contextual information to distinguish between categories. We propose a two branch architecture, consisting of a density map estimation branch and a semantic segmentation branch. We propose two refinement strategies for improving the predictions of the two branches. First, to encode contextual information, we propose feature propagation guided by the density map prediction, which eliminates the effect of background features during propagation. Second, we propose a complementary attention model to share information between the two branches. Experiment results confirm the effectiveness of our method.

An Assessment of the Social, Cultural, and Economical Barriers to Option B&amp;amp;#43; Retention and Their Solutions in Malawi: A Review

Malawi has one of the highest rates of HIV prevalence in the world, and accounts for 4% of the total number of people living in sub-Saharan Africa with HIV. Approximately one million people in Malawi were living with HIV in 2016, with 24,000 HIV-related deaths. The Option B+ program, first implemented in Malawi, aimed to initiate ART for all pregnant women, regardless of their CD4 cell count or disease stage. This study serves to analyze and assess the effectiveness of Option B+ retention, in relation to the facilitation of how various social and cultural barriers were handled. A literature review of 29 publications was conducted. Careful evaluation of various studies indicates that although there is a myriad of reasons explaining low levels of retention, the women who were at the highest risk for low retention were young pregnant women who were treated on the same day of HIV-diagnosis. Solutions focused around women and their partners or communities showed promising evidence of success in increasing adherence, as these strategies likely provided women reliable social and emotional support to address major barriers to retention such as a lack of support from male partners, ineffective education from healthcare workers, or stigma towards their HIV disclosure statue.

Blindness and Visual Impairment Situation in Indonesia Based on Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness Surveys in 15 Provinces

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report the latest data on blindness and visual impairment (VI) in Indonesia. Methods: Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) surveys were done in 15 provinces in Indonesia between 2013 and 2017. The population of the study was people aged 50 +. In each province, the required number of clusters was selected with a probability proportionately to size. A weighted average analysis for prevalence, causes of visual impairment, and cataract surgical coverage (CSC) estimated the values of the country. Results: The prevalence of blindness in East Java was the highest at 4.4% (95% CI: 3.1–5.6%), followed by Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) at 4.0% (95% CI: 3.0–5.1%) and South Sumatra at 3.4% (95% CI: 2.4–4.4%). In number, blindness among people aged 50+ in East Java was the highest at 371,599, followed by West Java at 180,666 and Central Java at 176,977. Untreated cataract was the commonest cause of blindness in all provinces (range: 71.7% to 95.5%). CSCperson<3/60 and CSCperson<6/60 in Bali were the highest at 81.3% and 72.4%, respectively. Indonesia countrywide prevalence of blindness was 3.0%. The total number of people with VI (PVA less than 6/18 in the better eye) in Indonesia was 8,019,427, consisting of 1,654,595 of blindness and 6,364,832 of moderate and severe VI. Conclusion: The burden of blindness in Indonesia is high, and untreated cataract contributes the most. There is an urgent need to increase cataract surgical coverage by providing better access to cataract surgery services for all people in need.

Prediksi puncak wabah Covid-19 di Indonesia menggunakan model logistik dan forecasting dengan FB Prophet

Covid-19 has infected many people in Indonesia, with the number of confirmed cases increasing every day; around 315,714 people have been confirmed positive for Covid-19 (data on 7 October 2020 from the covid19.go.id website). The author's team conducted this analysis intending to create a time series model of the total number of people infected with Covid-19 and predict the peak of the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia with the hope that the resulting model can be an initial guideline in preparation for the peak of the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia. The author's team analyzed logistic models and forecasting models with FB Prophet. Prediction using the logistic model results in the maximum number of cases (during peak conditions) in Indonesia of 669,595, with the peak of the outbreak occurring after 870 days (calculated starting on October 7, 2020), namely on June 22, 2022. This is proven and can be compared with the results of forecasting analysis with FBProphet. In a forecasting analysis using FB Prophet, the results show that cases of Covid-19 infection in Indonesia will continue to rise. This analysis results in a prediction that on October 22, 2020, there will be 375,393 people infected with Covid-19 in Indonesia.

Depression Levels Of Prisons In Class II A Correctional Institutions Bulukumba Regency

A depressive disorder is a serious mental problem characterized by feelings of anxiety and sadness. Depressive disorders have increased from year to year, where the total number of people living with depression in the world is 322 million, this is supported by WHO 2017 data. Generally, someone in a depressed state experiences feelings of sadness, anxiety, or emptiness, and the impact that is caused if depression is not treated immediately, it will have an impact on oneself such as low self-esteem, social isolation, and even suicide attempts. Besides that, it will also have an impact on the people around it. The purpose of this study is to know the description of the level of depression in prisoners in Class II A Penitentiary in Bulukumba Regency in 2020. The research design used in this study is a descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach. The affordable population in this study were inmates with all cases totaling 194 people with a sample size of 85 respondents. The sampling technique using a systematic random sampling method selects a sample from the population systematically. Data were collected using a questionnaire sheet. Based on the results of the research conducted, it was shown that the frequency distribution of the level of depression of the 85 prisoner respondents experienced mild depression as many as 64 respondents (75.3%) then moderate depression was 14 respondents (16.5%) and 7 respondents (8.2%) were not depressed. In all cases, the depression level of prisoners in class II A prisons in Bulukumba district experienced mild depression. Researchers suggest that further the sample size can be added so that data collection is more accurate and can be linked to other variables that can cause depression

Both incidence and prevalence of ischaemic heart disease are declining in parallel: a national data-linkage study in New Zealand (ANZACS-QI 52).

To examine trends in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) incidence and prevalence in New Zealand from 2005 to 2016, using comprehensive linked national hospitalization and mortality data as proxy measures of all significant events. Incident and prevalent cases of IHD in people aged ≥25 years were identified using individual patient-linkage of routinely collected ICD-10-coded hospitalization and mortality data. Incidence rates and prevalence proportions were calculated by sex and age group and then age-standardized to the 2016 New Zealand population. Ischaemic heart disease incidence and prevalence declined in men and women in all age groups. The average annual rate of decline in age-standardized IHD incidence was 3.3% for women and 2.7% for men, and the rate of decline in age-standardized IHD prevalence was 3.2% for women and 2.2% for men. Despite a 17% increase in the New Zealand population aged 25 years and over during the study period, the total number of people living with IHD also decreased, particularly in those aged 65 years and older. In contrast to observations from other countries, where IHD incidence but not IHD prevalence has been falling, declining IHD incidence in New Zealand in recent decades is now mirrored by declining IHD prevalence.

Optimization of Markov Queuing Model in Hospital Bed Resource Allocation.

Bed resources are the platform in which most medical and health resources in the hospital play a role and carry the core functions of the health service system. How to improve the efficiency of the use of bed resources through scientific management measures and methods and ultimately achieve the optimization of overall health resources is the focus of hospital management teams. This paper analyzes the previous research models of knowledge related to queuing theory in medical services. From the perspective of the hospital and the patient, several indicators such as the average total number of people, the utilization rate of bed resources, the patient stop rate, and the patient average waiting time are defined to measure the performance of the triage queue calling model, which makes the patient queue more reasonable. According to the actual task requirements of a hospital, a Markov queuing strategy based on Markov service is proposed. A mathematical queuing model is constructed, and the process of solving steady-state probability based on Markov theory is analyzed. Through the comparative analysis of simulation experiments, the advantages and disadvantages of the service Markov queuing model and the applicable scope are obtained. Based on the theory of the queuing method, a queuing network model of bed resource allocation is established in principle. Experimental results show that the queuing strategy of bed resource allocation based on Markov optimization effectively improves resource utilization and patient satisfaction and can well meet the individual needs of different patients. It does not only provide specific optimization measures for the object of empirical research but also provides a reference for the development of hospital bed resource allocation in theory.

Coronavirus scent

It is shown that epidemic dynamics and total number of people with a viral disease in a closed community critically depend on the duration of the period of virus contagiousness. The time that an infected person remains infectious is limited either by his/her isolation or by a natural decrease in virus activity. From laboratory data on changes in virus COVID-19 activity over time and on the basis of studying the epidemic dynamics in various communities, it follows that if the isolation of an infected person is not effectively used to combat the epidemic, then the individual, on average, remains contagious for 9—10 days after being infected. Modeling shows that in this case approximately 15 % of the closed community population will be finally infected (including asymptomatic cases). Since only about 20 % of those infected go to the doctor and are registered in the statistics, it should be expected that the number of registered cases would be about 3 % of the population. Currently, only Israel has reached this threshold.