Total Number Of Authors Research Articles

Women in Cosmetic Plastic Surgery: An Analysis of Female Authorship in Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Over the Last 10 Years

There is a significant gender gap in research conducted by women in plastic surgery. Previous work has not explored female authorship trends in cosmetic plastic surgery. We asked how authorship trends in cosmetic plastic surgery compare with those in plastic surgery overall, over the last 10 years. All the articles published in Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (JPRAS), Facial Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine (JAMA facial plastics), and Aesthetic Surgery Journal. (ASJ) in 2009, 2014, and 2019 were retrieved. The gender of the first and last author was determined. In addition, article type and total number of authors were extracted. Chi-square or Fisher exact test were performed to determine differences between groups Linear regression models were used to investigate whether total number of authors, or female last authorship predicted female first authorship. A total of 4358 articles were reviewed. Of these, 16.6% (n = 723) were published by a female first and/or last author. Percent of female first and/or last author increased with time, from only 12.2% in 2008, to 15.9% in 2014, reaching 21.7% in 2019. A total of 25% (n = 181) of randomized controlled trials were published by a female first and/or last author compared with only 14% (n = 440) of case studies. Female first and last authorship both increased across the 10-year study period, but there were consistently more female first authors than female last authors in all 3 surveyed years ( P < .001). There was an 86% increased chance of female first authorship if the last author was also female ( P < .001), and a 7% increased likelihood of female first authorship ( P = .002). Women have a lower representation in the cosmetic plastic surgery literature than men. This gender disparity gap, however, is decreasing. While encouraging, opportunities for improvement remain.

Bibliometric Analysis of Statistics Journals Indexed in Web of Science Under Emerging Source Citation Index

Over the last few decades, statistics and probability became an integral part of major research areas with continuously increasing demand. This article aimed for bibliometric analysis of journals indexed in the category of “Statistics and Probability” under Emerging Source Citation Index (ESCI) of Web of Science (WoS) (2015–2019). After data extraction from WoS, the bibliometric analysis at source, author, and document levels was performed using “Bibliometrix” R-package. Out of 38 journals indexed in ESCI, 32 that fulfilled the criteria were selected. In total, 4,294 documents were retrieved and analyzed by various bibliometric metrices, and appropriate data presentation tools were planned. Sixteen countries were found as origin of sources, mainly from USA and India while 10 countries had one journal each. Among journals, Korean Journal of Applied Statistics, Journal of Statistics & Management Systems and Advances and Applications in Statistics contributed the most. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Computational Statistics, Journal of Statistics & Management Systems, and Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research showed leading impact indices. Total number of authors were 6,374. Only one document was cited more than 100 times. Countries collaboration network showed three main groups with minor overlap. Two clusters of keywords namely survey sampling and distribution theory were found. Overall, a consistent publication production trend was observed. Countries with relatively higher impact journals were USA, India, and Pakistan. Total citations and average citations showed dominance of developed countries. Study findings can benefit researchers and other stakeholders of the study subject to plan with better informed decisions.

The Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria: A Bibliometric Survey of the one hundred most cited articles in the last 15 years

ABSTRACT Objective: Bibliometrics is a group of statistical and mathematical methods employed to measure and analyze the quantity and the quality of scientific articles, books, and other forms of publications. The objective of the present study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria (JBP) by listing its 100 most highly cited articles in the scientific literature and identifying their main characteristics in terms of authorship and research topics and design. Methods: The 100 top-cited references in the JBP were identified through a search with Google Scholar. The main author, last author, corresponding author, the total number of authors, gender of the authors, year of publication, research institution, geographic origin, language, and the research design and subject of each reference were recorded and analyzed. Results: A marked increase in the number of citations in the last 15 years, a relatively balanced distribution of publications among the Brazilian states and research centers, absence of gender bias among authors, and a varied range of published topics suggest a good current editorial performance by the JBP. Relative lack of systematic reviews and longitudinal studies, dearth of articles published in the English language, and modest participation of foreign authors were points requiring improvement. Conclusion: The present study suggests that a survey of the 100 most cited articles in the JBP can provide a historical overview of the progress of this journal, as well as highlight the main obstacles, constraints, and challenges faced by its editors and authors.

Penguins of Argentina: a bibliometric analysis

This study analyzes the scientific literature published on penguins in Argentina between 1985 and 2019. It examines the characteristics and the temporal variation in the number of publications, the total number of authors, the percentage of participation of Argentine researchers, the species and region of study, as well as the research topics they address. The results show a tendency towards an increase in papers and studies of these birds, the total number of authors, and the participation of researchers belonging to Argentine research centers during the period analyzed. The most studied penguin species was the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), followed by the Southern Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) and the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua). The most addressed research topics were foraging and diet, followed by reproduction and reproductive success, conservation and wildlife management, population dynamics and physiology and histology, which were carried out mainly in the Patagonian region and in the Malvinas Islands. The results help to understand the past, present and future state of scientific literature, which will strengthen decision-making on future research on penguins.

Scientometric Evaluation of Research Productivity on Diabetes from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over the Last Two Decades (2000-2019).

Materials and Methods Data was extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) platform and later bibliometric analysis performed using the “R-Bibliometrix” package. A wide range of indicators was explored to measure the quantity and quality of the publications related to diabetes from KSA. Results Saudi Arabia was 28th in rank with 2600 documents (0.83% of global share). Articles were the main document type (76%). The total number of authors was 9715 from 104 countries. Three authors showed >50 publications and >100 total citations while 2 authors showed an H-index of ≥20. The USA, UK, and Egypt were other leading contributive countries in terms of corresponding authors and total citations per country. King Saud University was the major contributing affiliation followed by King Abdulaziz University. Among 865 sources, Saudi Medical Journal was the leading and consistent source over the years. Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, and Type 2 Diabetes were the most frequently used keywords. Conclusion This study provides a macroscopic overview of diabetes-related research output from KSA. Overall, similar identifications and trends of top authors were observed in terms of productivity, impact, international collaborations, and organizational affiliations. Generally, an increasing productivity trend was observed with the majority published in the last 5 to 10 years. Study findings can benefit relevant stakeholders to better understand the trends and performance of diabetes-related regional research.

Publishing Characteristics of Foot and Ankle Research Over a 15-Year Time Interval: A Review of The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery from 2004 to 2018.

As the foot and ankle subspecialty continues to grow in orthopaedics, trends in published literature provide valuable insights to help understand and strengthen the field. The current study evaluates the changes in the characteristics of foot and ankle articles in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (American Volume) (JBJS-A) from 2004 to 2018. Foot and ankle-related articles in JBJS-A from 2004 to 2018 were identified and categorized by type of study, level of evidence, number of authors, academic degree(s) of the first and last authors, male and female authorship, number of citations, number of references, region of publication, and use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). A total of 336 foot and ankle articles from 2004 to 2018 were reviewed. The type of study published has changed over time, with more clinical therapeutic evidence and less case reports. The level of evidence grades, as rated by JBJS-A and objective evaluators, have increased over the past 15 years. The total number of authors per article has increased, and female authorship has increased significantly. The number of references per article has increased, and the number of citations per year has decreased. The field of foot and ankle surgery has seen an increase in global publications. The results of this study suggest that the foot and ankle literature that has been published in JBJS-A has continued to increase in quality and diversity over the past 15 years.

Assessing the Gap in Female Authorship in Neurosurgery Literature: A 20-Year Analysis of Sex Trends in Authorship

Publications are considered a major factor for advancement in academia. An effort has been made to study authorship trends in neurosurgery publications. The objective of this study was to investigate authorship trends in the neurosurgery literature for the last 20 years (1998-2018). Articles for the years 1998, 2008, and 2018 were extracted from Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery, and World Neurosurgery for this retrospective study. Only original articles, case reports, and review articles were included. The gender of the first, senior, and corresponding author was determined. Subspecialty topic, type of paper, geographic origin of articles, and the number of citations for each article were also collected. A total of 3912 articles were included. The number of articles, the total number of authors, and nonexperimental studies increased in the successive decades. A total of 744 women (19.0%) were first authors and 520 (13.3%) were senior authors of their respective publications. A decreasing trend (P < 0.05) was noted between female first authors and male senior authors over time. All 3 journals showed an increasing pattern of female authorships across the 2 decades. A rapid rise in female authorship positions in particular and authorship positions in general demonstrates the diversity that is slowly burgeoning to cater to perspectives and issues that require a multidimensional approach in neurosurgery. Increasing linkages among researchers in neurosurgery on a global scale are evident by the increase in multinational collaborations. Expansive efforts are needed at institutional and individual levels to eradicate sex-based pitfalls that hinder excellence in neurosurgery research.

Bibliometric study of scientific research on optometric visual therapy

PurposeTo analyze scientific research in the field of visual therapy through a bibliometric study. MethodsThe database used in this bibliometric study was SCOPUS, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, covering scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. Using remote downloading techniques, articles published between 1946 and 2017 were selected by entering the main descriptors: "optometric vis* training", "optometric vis* therapy", "vis* therapy", "vis* training" limited to the title, key words and/or abstract. We applied the following bibliometric indicators: Price’s index, doubling time and annual growth rate, Price’s transience index, Lotka’s Law, h factor, and Bradford’s zones. ResultsThe authors retrieved 294 original articles from the temporal interval 1946–2017 (articles, reviews, letters to the director, etc.), discarding 15 of them for not meeting the study requirements. Annual growth rate was 39.62%, the timeframe 1987-1983 containing the most number of documents. United States was the country with the highest production, with more than 60% of the records. The most productive institutions are State University of New York System, SUNY State College of Optometry, and Southern California College of Optometry. Classification of authors based on productivity is strongly concentrated in small producers, with a transient index of 80.53. The total number of authors was 488, representing a co-authorship index of 1.75. ConclusionBibliometric studies have become essential tools for assessing scientific publications.

Authorship and study characteristic trends in spine publications from years 2004 to 2017.

The goal of this study was to analyze the trends in authorship and study characteristics in Spine using two overlapping ten-year time periods: 2004-2014 and 2007-2017. To our knowledge, no other literature reports study characteristics and authorship in the same time period for spine that would allow for the assessment of confounding factors of trends. Authorship and study characteristic data was collected from all scientific manuscripts published in Spine during the years of 2004, 2007, 2014, and 2017. Basic statistics and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. We found a significant increase in total number of authors (P<0.0001) without discrepancy of unequivocal increases in author degree type: MD/Equivalent (P≤0.0001), PhD/Doctorate (P=0.0017), Masters (P=0.0015), and Bachelors (P≤0.0001). We observed an increase in industry authorship (P≤0.0001), but without a significant increase in industry funding during the same time span. Increases in administration database studies (P≤0.0001) and economic/value studies (P≤0.0001) were also noted. A significant change in percentage of articles with trauma pathology (decrease, P<0.0001) and deformity (increase, P=0.0002) occurred. The number of multi-institutional studies increased (P≤0.0001), while no change in the number of multi-disciplinary studies. Increases in author number for spine articles over time are a result of a general increase in authors in all degree types, not just non-doctorate degrees. This may be potentially influenced by the increase in multi-institutional studies. From 2004-2017, higher percentages of articles focus on economics. An increase in industry authorship without a corresponding increase in funding suggests industry's more 'hands-on' approach to publication results from their funded studies.

Increasing number of authors in Cochrane reviews.

To investigate authorship trends in Cochrane reviews from 1996 to 2018, and to examine if the authorship criteria from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) were met for Cochrane reviews with more than 15 authors based on the text in the section "Contributions of authors." The median number of authors per review was calculated, and authorship trends within each editorial group were analyzed. The section "Contributions of authors" was assessed about the first and second authorship criteria from the ICMJE for reviews with more than 15 authors. A total of 7447 Cochrane reviews were studied based on data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The median number of authors per Cochrane review was 3 in 1996 (IQR 2.5-3, range 2-3), 4 in 2007 (IQR 3-5, range 1-13), and 5 in 2018 (IQR 4-7, range 2-22). Within each editorial group, the total number of authors either increased (26/55, 47%) or was unchanged (29/55, 53%). Based on the text in "Contributions of authors," 59% (16/27) of the reviews with more than 15 authors had authors that did not fulfil the ICMJE authorship criteria. However, the text in "Contributions of authors" was often difficult to interpret. The number of authors per Cochrane review gradually increased from 1996 to 2018. The ICMJE authorship criteria were probably not met by all authors in more than half of the reviews with more than 15 authors.

Review and Analysis of Research Trends in Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Chronic Sinusitis.

Background Chronic sinusitis is a common otolaryngologic complaint with a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. There is current debate and differences in quality of evidence regarding the best surgical management approach to pediatric chronic sinusitis. Objective To investigate changes in publishing trends over time in surgical management of pediatric chronic sinusitis. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted in January 2019 using Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science, of all articles that included surgical treatments for pediatric chronic sinusitis. Publications were grouped into 3 time periods: pre-1998, 1999–2008, and 2009–2018. In addition, a subgroup of publications pertaining to endoscopic sinus surgery, balloon sinuplasty, and adenoidectomy were grouped into 2-year periods since 1988 to compare the number of publications on each topic and to examine overall trends. Results A total of 327 abstracts were included in the data collection and analysis. There was an overall significant increase in total number of publications ( P &lt; .0001), total number of authors ( P = .001), and comparison studies ( P = .003) from pre-1989 to 2018. Relative number of prospective studies, systemic review, and case studies/expert opinions have not significantly increased over time when comparing decades ( P &gt; .05). Among the surgery types, functional endoscopic sinus surgery has the most amount of publications regardless of year despite a statistically significant increase in publications pertaining to balloon sinuplasty in the pediatric literature from 1999–2008 to 2009–2018 ( P = .001). Conclusions Studies on pediatric chronic sinusitis have increased significantly during each of the last 2 decades with an increase in the concomitant number of authors and comparison studies. Although most publications are still Level C or D evidence, there has been a nonsignificant increase in Level A evidence in the past decade. Endoscopic sinus surgery still remains the most studied procedure despite the recent increase in publications on balloon sinuplasty.

Scientometric analysis of the activities of the International Commission for Continental Erosion (ICCE)

Abstract. The article is dedicated to the analysis of the International Commission of Continental Erosion (ICCE) of International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) activity since foundation in 1981. The empirical data is the collections of scientific articles, published in IAHS Red Books after symposiums and workshops, organized by the ICCE. 2460 authors published articles in Red Books, 81 % of them have publication in the one issue. The most active contributors (who have articles in 7 or more issues) compose a group of 39 scientists (1.6 % from the total number of authors). Researchers from 89 countries were published articles in the ICCE issues of Red Books. The activity of the ICCE can be described by a cyclic model of growth. It is shown that the ICCE scientific community is becoming progressively global.

Nursing and midwifery research activity in Arab countries from 1950 to 2017

BackgroundNursing and midwifery research activity is an important indicator of the quality of healthcare services and the status of nursing profession. The main aim of this study was to assess the research activity in nursing and midwifery field in Arab countries.MethodThe current study implemented bibliometric method using Scopus database. The search strategy used country affiliation or journal name or keywords as a strategy to retrieve the required documents. The study period was from 1950 to2017. Analysis included a presentation of bibliometric indicators and VOSviewer mapping of the retrieved data.Result2935 documents were retrieved making up less than 1% of global nursing and midwifery research output. Of the retrieved documents, 25% were published in high rank (first quartile = Q1) journals. The majority (56.7%) of the retrieved documents were published in the last five years of the study period. The retrieved documents received an average of 6.9 citations per document with an h-index of 47. The total number of authors who took part in publishing the retrieved documents was 10,572, giving an average of 3.6 authors per article. Jordan ranked first in research output. Researchers from Jordan took part in over than one third (1023; 34.9%) of the retrieved documents. Lebanon (35.5%) ranked first in the percentage of documents published in Q1 journals. The United Arab Emirates ranked first in the percentage (67.4%) of publications with international authors. The most active journal involved in publishing nursing research from Arab countries was Life Science Journal (158; 5.4%). The University of Jordan was the most productive institution while the American University of Beirut ranked first in the percentage (36.9%) of documents published in Q1 journals. Author keyword analysis and10 most cited articles showed that non-communicable diseases and nursing education were the focus of nursing research in Arab countries.ConclusionsNursing and midwifery research activity in Arab countries has dramatically increased especially over the past five years. Despite this, nursing research is still in its infancy, lagging in quantity and quality compared to developed countries.

Abstract No. 486 Scholarly trends in interventional radiology: an analysis of U.S. female authorship in the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology

To assess trends in U.S. female authorship of scientific articles published in a high-impact interventional radiology (IR) journal. A review of scientific articles published in the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (JVIR) from 2009-2018 was performed. Articles published over the last decade were reviewed for their authorship characteristics, including gender of the first and last authors, total number of female authors, total number of authors, and level of training of the female authors. From January 2009 to August 2018, 999 scientific articles were published in JVIR. Of these, 579 articles (58.0%) had at least one female author, while 997 articles (99.8%) had at least one male author. The average number of male authors per article outnumbered the average number of female authors per article when compared on a yearly basis. Over the last ten years, there has been an average of 5.7 male authors for every female author. 118 (11.8%) of all articles had a female first author and 79 (7.9%) had a female last author. When exclusively looking at the 579 articles having a female author, 118 (20.4%) had a female first author while 79 (13.6%) had a female last author. Training level was also examined with 663 (62.6%) of the 1059 female authors having an MD and 149 (14.1%) having a PhD. Although approximately 12% of all interventional radiologists are female, recent studies suggest there is an increasing number of women entering the field, particularly after the institution of the Integrated IR residency. However, female authorship of scientific articles in a leading IR journal has remained relatively stagnant over the past decade, while the number of female first and last authors remains disproportionately low. Further research which identifies barriers to scholarly involvement of females in IR will be essential as more females join the field and proportional representation in future academic contributions will be of critical importance.

Bibliometric Study of Scientific Research on Scleral Lenses.

To analyze the state of scientific publications in the field of scleral lenses applying a bibliometric study. The database used in this bibliometric study was SCOPUS, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature: scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. Using remote download techniques, articles published between 1962 (year of first registrations) and 2015 were selected by entering the main descriptors: "scleral contact lenses" and "scleral lenses," limiting the field for the article, keywords, and abstract, linked with the OR tab. We applied the following bibliometric indicators: Price index, doubling time and annual growth rate, Price transience index, Lotka law of scientific productivity, and Bradford zones. The authors recovered 361 contributions (articles, reviews, letters to the editor, etc.) for 1962 to 2016. The distribution for five-year periods shows a significant increase in 2012 to 2016, with a growth of 222.22% in comparison with the previous period 2012 to 2016. The countries with the highest production are the United states with 135 contributions, United Kingdom with 46, and India with 19. The most productive institutions are Harvard Medical school, Boston Foundation for Sight, and Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust. Classification of authors based on productivity is strongly concentrated in small producers, with a transient index of 59.03. The total number of authors is 891, representing a coauthor index of 2.47 for the 361 documents retrieved. The authors with the highest productivity are Kenneth W. Pullum, Perry Rosenthal, and Deborah S. Jacobs, with an h-index between 12 and 19 documents. The number of documents published on scleral lenses shows a significant increase in the last 5 years, and currently, they represent only 1.44% of all publications on contact lenses. Bibliometric studies have become essential tools for evaluating scientific activity, allowing an overview of the growth, size, and distribution of scientific literature associated with a particular discipline.

High Impact Research in Digestive Diseases Is Becoming More Multi-National and Is Performed by Larger Teams: A Trend Analysis of Publications From 1997-2017

Introduction: Multiple factors impact the ability to perform high quality research, including the availability of governmental funding and access to collaborators. Little is known about temporal trends in high impact publications in gastroenterology (GI). The aim is to assess temporal trends in the country of origin, size of the research team, and the likelihood of multinational collaboration in high impact GI research. Methods: We assessed original manuscripts from the three highest impact journals publishing original GI research, Gastroenterology, Gut, and the American Journal of Gastroenterology (AJG). We abstracted all original, full-length manuscripts from 1997, 2007, & 2017 for each journal. Letters to the editor, brief reports, reviews, and editorials were excluded. Data extracted included year of publication, journal, gender of the first and senior author, type of research (clinical vs. basic/translational), country of origin of first and senior author, total number of authors, and multinational collaboration (Y/N). Country of origin was classified by reported academic affiliation. A publication was multinational if any author listed a country affiliation different than that of the first author. Bivariate analyses were used to assess temporal trends using STATA. Results: A total of 2,128 articles were evaluated from 1997, 2007, and 2017 from Gut (584), Gastroenterology (884), and AJG (660). Approximately 2/3's were clinical, and 1/3 basic science. These journals published progressively fewer original manuscripts in the years assessed (888, 753, and 487 in 1997, 2007, and 2017, respectively, p<0.01). U.S. first authorship was stable, at about 33% for all years assessed. Of the 41 other countries with authorship, China and the Netherlands showed marked increases (China: 1% in 1997 increasing to 6% in 2017; the Netherlands: 3% in 1997 increasing to 7% in 2017), while the UK and Japan showed decreases (UK: 12% in 1997 decreasing to 6% in 2017; Japan: 8% in 1997 decreasing to 2% in 2017). There was a dramatic increase in the proportion of multinational papers (Figure). Similarly, the average number of authors per paper markedly increased from 6.0 in 1997 to 14.0 in 2017 (p<0.01). Conclusion: The character of high impact research in GI has changed in the last 20 years, with larger research teams and more multinational collaboration. American authorship has remained stable, while China and the Netherlands have increased productivity.1138 Figure 1 No Caption available.

Global research trends of literature in sugar-sweetened beverages: 2000–2016

BACKGROUND: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are commonly used. The objective of this study was to analyze the quantity and quality of published literature on SSBs and present the results in a bibliometric format. METHODOLOGY: Scopus database was used to retrieve documents from 2000 to 2015. Annual growth of publications, collaborations, geographic distribution, visualization and mapping of collaboration, author analysis, and top-cited articles will be presented and discussed. RESULTS: The total number of worldwide publications on SSBs was 3345, published in 27 subject areas. More than half (58.30%) of the SSB publications were within the area of medicine. The number of publications gradually increased until 2013 followed by a steady state. The median of number of citations was 3 (0–14) per document. The annual growth rate of publications on SSBs dropped from 15.22 in 2001 to 1.00 in 2016. The total number of authors was 13,813, with a mean of 3.72 ± 0.72 authors per document. Most documents (2942, 87.95%) were multi-authored publications. The USA was the most productive country (1062; 31.75%) followed by the United Kingdom (234; 7%) and Brazil (171, 5.11%). Harvard University was the leading institution with 112 publications. The most commonly preferred journal for publishing was “Public Health Nutrition” with 81 publications. Half of the top ten preferred journals were in the field of nutrition. CONCLUSION: Bibliometric analysis of literature on SSBs is one method to enrich literature and encourage health policymakers and nutrition specialists to take the case of SSBs one step further to limit the consumption of SSBs.

Female authorship in Latin American pediatric journals.

The participation of women in science increases every day. Here we estimated their participation in authorship in three Latin American pediatric journals indexed in PubMed. All articles published in 2015 in the Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría, the Jornal de Pediatría and the Revista Chilena de Pediatría were identified, and the first and last authors and the total number of authors by sex were determined. A total of 329 articles were identified. Out of 1432 authors, 59.9% were women. Also, 54.4% of all first authors and 48% of last authors were women. No significant difference was observed in female authorship ratio among the three journals. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría had a significantly lower number of women as first and last authors. Women authorship ratio across three Latin American pediatric journals reached 59.9%. Their role as first or last authors was significantly lower in the Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría.

Level of evidence and authorship trends of clinical studies in knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, 1995-2015.

There is increasing emphasis on publication quality and internationalization of author groups in orthopaedic literature. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the type of studies and the level of evidence (LOE) published in knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy (KSSTA) from 1995 to 2015. The secondary aim was to analyze trends in authorship characteristics in KSSTA. Two reviewers reviewed the table of contents of KSSTA and identified original papers from 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. The reviewers graded LOE from Levels I to IV using guidelines from the University of Oxford's Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. For each article, the total number of authors and country of author group were also analyzed. A total of 880 papers were analyzed. The proportions in LOE have stayed consistent throughout the study period (n.s.). There has been a significant increase in the number of published articles and the number of Level I and II studies (P < 0.01). Therapeutic articles were the most common type. The mean number of authors per KSSTA article significantly increased from 3.9 to 5.7 over the 20-year period (P < 0.01). The number of represented countries increased yearly and academic institutions from 40 different nationalities published articles in the Journal. Of the examined years, the percent of articles with international collaboration was 17.6%. The proportion of LOE I and II articles published in KSSTA remains consistently high. Therapeutic studies are the most frequently published articles. There is an increase in international groups publishing in KSSTA. IV.

Trends in Authorship Characteristics in The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 1994 to 2014

Background: Trends in author qualifications, the number of authors per article, and the internationalization of author groups in sports medicine journals have not been widely investigated. Purpose: To examine trends in authorship characteristics in a single prominent sports medicine journal. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: Articles published in The American Journal of Sports Medicine (AJSM) in 1994, 2004, and 2014 were reviewed. For each article, the academic degree(s) of the first and last author, the total number of authors, the country of the author group, and academic institution status were recorded. Results: A total of 708 articles met the inclusion criteria: 129 in 1994, 244 in 2004, and 335 in 2014. There were significant differences in the proportion of first authors with an MD degree (80% in 1994, 75% in 2004, 67% in 2014; P = .01), a dual MD/PhD degree (4.7% in 1994, 6.2% in 2004, 9.3% in 2014; P < .001), and a bachelor’s degree (0% in 1994, 0% in 2004, 3.9% in 2014; P < .001). The proportion of last authors with an MD/PhD significantly increased over the 2 decades studied (7% in 1994, 13% in 2004, 17% in 2014; P = .01). The mean number of authors per article also significantly increased (3.8 in 1994, 4.3 in 2004, 5.8 in 2014; P < .0001). The proportion of articles published by an international group and the proportion of articles published by an academic institution increased over the 20-year span as well (both P < .0001). Conclusion: Within the past 2 decades, there has been a significant increase in the average number of authors per article in AJSM, as well as a higher proportion of international groups and academic institutions publishing in the journal. More nonphysicians are publishing in AJSM, with a significantly higher percentage of first authors with a bachelor’s degree as their highest degree. This is likely due to a combination of a general increased interest in research as well as increased competition among medical students. These factors have likely led to larger research groups and thus a significantly higher average number of authors per article.