Total Net Profit Research Articles

Design of a supply chain network for determining the optimal number of items at the inventory groups based on ABC analysis: a comparison of exact and meta-heuristic methods

One of the most applicable techniques in the inventory management field is inventory classification based on ABC analysis, a well-known method to set the items in a different group, according to their importance and values. In this paper, a bi-objective mathematical model is proposed to improve the inventory grouping based on ABC analysis. The first objective function maximizes the total net profit of the items in the central stock, and the second objective function maximizes the total net profit of items in different wards. The proposed model simultaneously optimizes the service level, the number of inventory groups, and the number of assigned items. To solve the model in small and large dimensions, two exact methods (LP-metric and e-constraint) and two meta-heuristic methods (NSGA-II and MOPSO) are used. Then, to compare those methods in terms of efficiency, the statistical analysis besides the AHP and VIKOR techniques is implemented. The results show the superiority of the e-constraint among the exact methods and MOPSO among meta-heuristic methods. Finally, the proposed model has been implemented in two sets of numerical examples to demonstrate its applicability.

Effect of Calving season and Parity on the Productivity and Profitability of Holstein Friesian Dairy Farms

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of calving season and parity on the productivity and profitability of private and governmental dairy farms in Egypt. The data of this study were estimated from 1353 lactation records of Friesian dairy cows. The data were classified according to calving season into winter and summer calvers, and according to parity into six lactation orders from 1st to 6th, then the data were analyzed statistically by using the computer programs SPSS/PC+ version 23. Total milk yield (305MY) and net profit (NP) differed significantly between calving season and parity within production sector, private sector for winter calvers and 3rd parity had the highest 305MY and NP (9759.5Kg - 40960.9EGP&10304.3 kg, 44546.1EGP, respectively), while governmental sector for summer calvers and 6th parity had the lowest 305MY and NP (5028.4Kg-12117.1EGP & 4460.1kg,10027.3EGP, respectively). Total cost (TC) differed significantly within parity and sector not season, it was the highest for private sector at 4th parity (34849.1EGp), while 6th parity for governmental sector had the lowest value (27657.5 EGP). Finally we concluded that winter calvers and 3rd parity achieve the highest profitability for dairy farms.

Data mining of corporate financial fraud based on neural network model

Under the active market economy, more and more listed companies emerge. Because of the various interest relationships faced by listed companies, some enterprises which are not well managed or want to enhance company’s value will choose to forge financial reports by improper means. In order to find out the false financial reports as accurately as possible, this paper briefly introduced the relevant indicators for judging the fraudulence of financial reports of listed companies and the recognition model of financial reports based on back propagation (BP) neural network. Then the selection of the input relevant indexes was improved. The improved BP neural network was simulated and analyzed in MATLAB software and compared with the traditional BP neural network and support vector machine (SVM). The results showed that the importance of total assets net profit, earnings per share, cash reinvestment rate, operating gross profit and pre-tax ratio of profit to debt was the top 5 among 20 judgment indexes. In the identification of testing samples of financial report, the accuracy, precision, recall rate and F value all showed that the performance of the improved BP neural network was better than that of the traditional BP network and SVM.

Morocco's Participative Banking Sector: A Cross-Analysis of Current State, Opportunities and Challenges of Its Five Banks and Three Windows

Launched two and a half years ago, the model of Islamic banking adopted by Morocco consists of five banks and three windows. This paper aims to present an exploratory case study of the performance of the eight actors of Morocco participative banking. The study reveals an increase of Murabaha funding and deposits while the total net profit remains negative (MAD -420 million) mainly due to the start-up costs absorbing an enormous amount of resources. Presented in a SWOT Analysis, the study’s results confirm that the sector is facing many difficulties and gaps that negatively affect the business especially the incomplete participative financial ecosystem. Then, the paper presents a benchmark study of Turkey’s participation in banking. Findings show that the financial ecosystem in Turkey is much more developed compared to Morocco. Consequently, this situation favored the rise of the five operational participation banks whose asset growth rate reached 99%, between 2014 and 2018, and recorded positive net profits which exceeded TL 2 billion. Nevertheless, both Morocco and Turkey participation banks are still too young and can make headway only if the regulators and the operators properly address the challenges which hamper their development.
 JEL Classification: G21, 057.

Reliability-Centered Maintenance of Rapier Dragline for Optimizing Replacement Interval of Dragline Components

Machine manufacturers’ recommendations on maintenance strategies of capital-intensive draglines are not always based on real data and therefore lead to losses from downtime. This paper proposes a preventive maintenance strategy for a dragline deployed in an opencast coal mine based on reliability-centered maintenance and failure-mode-effects analysis using real operational data. Reliability-centered maintenance replaced a cluster of critical failure components of the dragline while satisfying two specific conditions: (i) the components should be replaced at the earliest mean time to failure (MTTF) within the group and (ii) the time taken to replace all the parts should be equivalent to the maximum downtime within the group. Estimated threshold weightage factor identified twenty-six critical failure components for the preventive maintenance strategy, and clustering of components divided them into nine groups. In a group, the loss that is expected to occur by replacing some of the components before their failure, and the gain by reducing the overall maintenance downtime, has been explained through a cost-benefit analysis. The total net profit generated is calculated as US$200,178. This clustering activity also led to a reduction of annual downtime by 231 h, whose approximate market price as equivalent coal production costs $295,365.

Research on the Development Status of China's Renewable Energy Industry - The Impact of Capital Structure on Company Performance

China's renewable energy industry has developed rapidly. However, due to China’s current energy structure, coal plants still dominate the power generation, which poses a huge challenge to China’s greenhouse gas reduction. On the other hand, this situation indicates that China's renewable industry still has great development potential and the sector can make a constructive contribution to China’s response to climate change. However, in the process of developing the renewable sector, how to improve the profitability of enterprises and gradually lower the dependence on traditional energy is an important issue faced by corporate and government decision-makers. Therefore, from the perspective of capital structure, this paper aims to study its impact on the performance of renewable companies in China so that the society can achieve a win-win situation for enterprise development as well as environmental protection. By using pooled ordinary least squares and advanced panel data models, including fixed effects model and random effects model, the empirical results show that the relationship between capital structure and company performance is statistically significant in China’s renewable industry. Specifically, the sustainable growth rate is significantly positively correlated with the total net profit margin, indicating that the sustainable growth model can be used to estimate the profitability of renewable companies in China.

A cost and benefit analysis of Nile tilapia culture in biofloc technology, the environmental friendly system: the case of selected farm in Chiang Mai, Thailand

This study aimed to investigate the cost and benefit as well as other economic analysis of Nile tilapia culture in the biofloc system. The data derived from the selected study area where was the initial farm rearing in biofloc system in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The study revealed that the 50 fingerings m-3 were released in sphere-shape polyethylene ponds (9 m of diameter x 1.20 m height), and raised for 5 months to reach the harvest size (500-600 g). The fish yield was about 1,500 kg/pond or 25 kg m-3. Total production cost was 101,988 Baht, divided into total fixed cost 13,656 Baht/pond (13.39%) and total variable cost 88,333 Baht/pond (86.61%). Fish feed cost was the highest at price (58.34%). The fish price was determined at 85 Baht/kg, 15% increasing from Nile tilapia common culture. Because they were cultured in the chemical and antibiotic-free system that produced the income to 121,125 Baht/pond and would receive net profit at 19,137 Baht/pond on average from 1,425 kg/pond with 95% of survival rate. Total income was 484,500 Baht/crop and total net profit was 76,549 Baht/crop. In other words, the net profit per kg was 13 Baht. The benefit and cost ratio (B/C ratio) was 1.19, and the net present value (NPV) assessment was 1.43 million Baht, which means worthiness to invest. The expected returns of this project or Internal rate of return; IRR was 45%, which was a greater ratio than the minimum expected returns (15% of the interest rate of return calculation). The payback period was 7.14 years, which indicated that the investors had to run this business for 7 years and one and a half months to recover their investment money. Consequently, the business has a favorable prospect, and the biofloc system for the culture of tilapia is applicable for fish farmers.

RASIO KEUANGAN : DETERMINAN PERTUMBUHAN LABA STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI DASAR DAN KIMIA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This study aims to strengthen the influence of Financial Ratios to Earning Growth (BEI). The sample selection with purposive sampling were 61 companies which held the year 2012 - 2016 ie 5 years and only 21 samples taken with the number of observation 105, the selection based on annual audit report. The independent variables studied are financial ratios consisting of Current Ratio (CR),Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), Total Asset Turnover (TAT) and Net Profit Margin (NPM), while the dependent variable is Earning Growth (EG). The results of this study show simultaneously current ratio, debt to ssset ratio, total asset turnover and net profit margin significant to earning growth at manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Partially, only the current asset variable has not significant effect to earning growth. Ratio of debt to Assets ratio, total asset turnover and net profit margin have a significant influence to earning growth in Indonesia Stock Exchange.

ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN FARMASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2010-2014

This study aims to analyze the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), Current Ratio (CR) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) to share prices. the statistical method used is a model multiple linear regression. The sample in this study was a pharmaceutical company. The results showed that together (simultaneously) variables Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), Current Ratio (CR) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) significantly influence stock prices. While partially, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) with significance, Current Ratio (CR) is proven to have a significant effect on stock prices. Whereas that has no effect on price is Total Asset Turnover (TATO) and Net Profit Margin (NPM).

A study on the impact of backorder sales on an integrated supply chain

The integrated procurement, production and distribution planning (IPPDP) problem consists of multiple suppliers who supply raw materials to multiple plants to produce a single product to meet the demand in multiple time horizons. The present research focuses on the analysis of the effect of backorders on the IPPDP problem in a three-echelon supply chain that consists of suppliers, manufacturers and retailers. The IPPDP problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model and the optimal solution is obtained with the solver LINGO. The total net profit obtained for the scenario involving lost sales is compared with that for the scenario which involves lost sales and backordering. For a set of problem instances, an increase of 10.29% in the average total net profit and 4.80% in the average fill rate is obtained for the lost sales and backordering scenario compared to the lost-sales-only scenario.

A study on the impact of backorder sales on an integrated supply chain

The integrated procurement, production and distribution planning (IPPDP) problem consists of multiple suppliers who supply raw materials to multiple plants to produce a single product to meet the demand in multiple time horizons. The present research focuses on the analysis of the effect of backorders on the IPPDP problem in a three-echelon supply chain that consists of suppliers, manufacturers and retailers. The IPPDP problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model and the optimal solution is obtained with the solver LINGO. The total net profit obtained for the scenario involving lost sales is compared with that for the scenario which involves lost sales and backordering. For a set of problem instances, an increase of 10.29% in the average total net profit and 4.80% in the average fill rate is obtained for the lost sales and backordering scenario compared to the lost-sales-only scenario.

The supplier-retailer optimal replenishment decisions under a two-level trade credit model with shortage for deteriorating items

This paper establishes an integrated inventory model of a supplier and a manufacturer under a two-level trade credit contract. The manufacturer's inventory model follows the economic production quantity model and the produced items follow exponentially deterioration rate and price-dependent demand. Shortages are allowed for the manufacturer and are completely backlogged to the next period. Traditional inventory system and one-level trade credit are also concluded as special cases of the developed two-level trade credit model and the supply chain performance under these three policies are compared. The formulated models aim at helping the supply chain decision makers to determine the best delay strategy and find the optimal values for replenishment policy and the manufacturer's selling price in order to maximise the supply chain total net profit. The results have been then validated with a numerical example and the effect of various parameters on the optimal solution is finally studied by performing sensitivity analysis.

Optimize the Irrigation Water for Agriculture in the Proposed Kalugal Oya Reservoir in Ampara District

This study attempted to propose a methodology to optimize irrigation water with optimal cropping patterns and annual net profits to the proposed Kalugal Oya scheme, situated in Ampara District, Sri Lanka. The optimization approach was based on linear programming. Three models were formulated: 1) Maximize net profit, 2) Maximize irrigable area and 3) Maximize net profit in Maha and maximize irrigable area in Yala. The above models were analysed with three scenarios: Scenario I Multi crop cultivation, Scenario II OFC and Vegetable cultivation and Scenario III Paddy cultivation in Maha and OFC & Vegetables in Yala. Further, four major constraints were identified in the above models. The first constraint relates to the availability of land (L) for agriculture use. The second constraint defines the total amount of available water (W). Third major constraint is related to the internal crop consumption (Cio) of a crop for food security requirement. Maximum level of crop production (Si ) of a crop for local marketing capacity was considered as the fourth constraint. Considering agricultural year 2012, the total annual net profit gained from Scenario II of Model 1 is estimated to be 60 Million Rupees, which is almost two and half times greater than the profit obtained when traditional cropping patterns are used in these areas (26 Million Rupees). The highest annual net profit in Scenarios I and II of Model 1 achieved mainly from the cultivation of Kurakkan, Cowpea and Brinjal. However, to satisfy the need of internal crops consumption (Cio) of farmer families in these area, Paddy and Maize were recommended for cultivation though it is not profitable.

Impact of partial substitution of fish meal by methylated soy protein isolates on the nutritional, immunological, and health aspects of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings

The impact of partial replacement of fish meal with methylated soy protein isolates (MSPI) on fish performance was assessed in 10 weeks feeding trial using Nile tilapia,Oreochromisniloticusfingerlings (n = 225) with average initial weight 18.51 ± 0.05 g/fish. The effects on the growth, histopathological condition of certain organs, economic efficiency, immune status, and disease resistance to Aeromonashydrophila were evaluated. The fingerlings were randomly segregated into five experimental groups with varying percentages of fish meal with substituted MSPI: 0%, 22%, 44%, 66%, and 88% (MSPI0, MSPI22, MSPI44, MSPI66, and MSPI88). The results of final body weight, body weight gain, daily body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio,and SGR were uniquely increased by the treatment MSP22, while increasing the level of MSPI more than 22% resulted in linearly proportional decreases in these parameters over the respective control. The broken-line regression analysis using feed conversion ratio and body weight gain data revealed that the maximum dietary replacement of fishmeal with MSPI was 66%. Alterations in the histomorphological structures of the liver and intestine were observed with an increased level of replacement.The total weight of surviving fish, phagocytic index, IgM level, and lysozyme activity post bacterial challenge were significantly increased by MSPI substitution in fish meal. The survival percentage after the bacterial challenge was increased by MSPI inclusion, the highest survival percentage was recorded in the MSPI66 group (95.55%) compared to MSPI0 (66.66%).MSPI22 increased the total return, net profit, and performance index %. It could be concluded that the maximum dietary replacement of fishmeal with MSPI Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings was 66%. The growth performance was decreased by increasing the substitution percentage of fish meal by MSPI. MSPI was shown to be a good immune-modulating substance and improved gut health. MSPI substitution at 88% is not recommended due to the bad effect on the hepatic and intestinal tissues.

Analisis Pengaruh Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Net Profit Margin Terhadap Return On Equity pada Perusahaan Properti Dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2013-2017

In its development, current financial statements are not only used to present the amount of profit that can be obtained in a certain period, but also can show indicators of financial performance of a company. To be able to measure the financial performance of a company, a financial statement analysis is needed, where one type of technical financial statement analysis can be done using financial ratio analysis. Users of financial statements, including shareholders can measure the effectiveness and efficiency of capital management carried out by company management by measuring the size of profitability, namely Return on Equity, which is the dependent variable tested in this study. This study aims to determine how the effect of Liquidity Ratio (Current Ratio), Leverage Ratio (Debt to Equity Ratio), Activity Ratio (Total Asset Turnover) and Profitability Ratio (Net Profit Margin) both partially and simultaneously to Profitability Ratio (Return on Equity). The object of this study is the Property and Real Estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2013-2017. The determination of the sample used in this study was purposive sampling using multiple regression models. The results of this study indicate that both partially and simultaneously, Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turnover and Net Profit Margin have a significant effect on Return on Equity.

The Supplier-retailer Optimal Replenishment Decisions Under a Two-level Trade Credit Model with Shortage for Deteriorating Items

This paper establishes an integrated inventory model of a supplier and a manufacturer under a two-level trade credit contract. The manufacturer's inventory model follows the economic production quantity model and the produced items follow exponentially deterioration rate and price-dependent demand. Shortages are allowed for the manufacturer and are completely backlogged to the next period. Traditional inventory system and one-level trade credit are also concluded as special cases of the developed two-level trade credit model and the supply chain performance under these three policies are compared. The formulated models aim at helping the supply chain decision makers to determine the best delay strategy and find the optimal values for replenishment policy and the manufacturer's selling price in order to maximise the supply chain total net profit. The results have been then validated with a numerical example and the effect of various parameters on the optimal solution is finally studied by performing sensitivity analysis.

A cost-benefit analysis of V2G electric vehicles supporting peak shaving in Shanghai

The costs and benefits of the participants including electric vehicle users, power grid companies and power plants were analyzed when four brands of electric vehicles participated in V2G peak shaving service in Shanghai. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the key parameters that affected the costs and benefits of electric vehicle users and power grid companies. The results show that the total net profit of V2G services is greater than zero under the appropriate set of parameters. The net incomes of electric vehicles users are greater than zero in V2G peak shaving services when the peak price of electricity fed into the grid is more than three times the valley price. The lower the cost of electric vehicle battery, the more the net income of single user. The net incomes of power grid companies are always very negative and the higher the peak shaving load, the greater the net loss of the power company. The benefits of power plants are the biggest among three participants and are far greater than those of electric vehicle users. A fair market distribution mechanism of V2G profits should be built among three participants in order to promote the healthy development of V2G applications.

Estimating damage costs of flooding on small- and medium-sized enterprises in Kigali, Rwanda.

In the past, Kigali has frequently experienced heavy rain events. These have often led to flooding, which also affected businesses. In the face of climate change, such events can become more frequent and can threaten economic development. To determine if more action is needed to protect businesses from flooding, we assessed how many businesses have suffered damages from floods in certain years in a certain area of Kigali. We also gathered information on how businesses were affected, how they are preparing for flooding and what support they are seeking. We developed and piloted a survey, a standardised questionnaire for gathering information on the relevance of flooding for businesses. The survey was then conducted among 350 businesses in Kigali asking business owners about their experiences with flooding in recent years. Eighty-one per cent of businesses have been affected by floods in 2013 and 2014. The annual damage costs resemble 22% of the total net profit of the businesses in the area. The most common damages were damages to goods that were to be sold and damages to buildings. The extent of past flood damages warrants action on flood risk management, both by businesses and citizens, as well as by city officials. Suitable actions range from increasing awareness about suitable protection measures to upgrading the sewage system.

Optimizing between-row and within-row spacing for Artemisia sphaerocephala (Asteraceae) seed production

A reasonable plant density is the basis for improvement of seed yield by agronomic practice. Previous researches had addressed the influence of plant density on cereal crops and grasses, but little information can be accessed for native plant with potential industrial applications. Artemisia sphaerocephala (Asteraceae) is a widely used pioneer species on moving and semi-stable sand dunes in China. Seed of A. sphaerocephala can provide valuable raw materials to a wide range of industrial purposes. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum between-row and within-row spacing for A. sphaerocephala seed production. Field trials were conducted in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province, China, from 2016 to 2018. The experiment was a split plot in randomized complete block design containing three between-row spacing treatments (100, 140, and 180 cm) and four within-row spacing treatments (40, 60, 80, and 100 cm). Meanwhile, correlation and path coefficient analysis were used to determine the contribution of yield components to seed yield. The greatest seed yield were obtained at the combinations of between-row spacing of 140 cm and within-row spacing of 60 and 80 cm, at which combinations the total net profits were also the highest (4304.6 and 4215.9 $ ha−1). Seed germination was not influenced by between-row and within-row spacing treatments. Among yield components, stems per square meter and inflorescences per stem had the greatest contributions on seed yield (0.913 and 0.857 for direct path coefficient, respectively). In conclusion, medium plant densities (between-row spacing: 140 cm, within-row spacing: 60–80 cm) would be optimum for A. sphaerocephala seed production without reducing seed quality. Future breeding program and agronomic practice for A. sphaerocephala should pay more attention to increase stem per square meter and inflorescences per stem. This study will provide useful information to researchers, farmers, pharmaceutical companies, and government program directors to better evaluate the potential industrial utilization of A. sphaerocephala.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MARGIN LABA BERSIH PERUSAHAAN OTOMOTIF DAN KOMPONENNYA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This study aims to determine how much influence current ratio, debt to equity ratio, total asset turnover simultaneously on net profit margin on otomotive companies and component listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2016. The data used are the current ratio, debt to equity ratio, total asset turnover and net profit margin’s company. Coeficient determination, F Value and T Test are using in this study. The result of this study is simultaneous effect of current ratio, debt to equity ratio, and total asset turnover have a significant impact on net profit margin.