Total Net Profit Research Articles

Enhancing Water Use Efficiency and Carbon Profitability Through the Long-Term Impact of Sustainable Farming Systems

This study aims to enhance water use efficiency, maximize productivity, and minimize environmental impact through the implementation of sustainable agricultural systems using drip irrigation systems. It investigates the effects of biodynamic farming compared to those of organic and conventional methods over a six-year period and focuses on soil properties, water use efficiency, crop yield, and environmental and economic perspectives. Using a biodynamic farming system resulted in an average increase in water use efficiency of 1.96 and 10.67% for maize and 3.62 and 10.68% for faba bean and an increase in maize yield of 1.68 and 0.99%, while the faba bean yield reached 3.25 and 1.57% compared to the organic and conventional farming systems, respectively. The biodynamic system sequestered the highest average soil carbon of 6.16 tons/ha (which is equivalent to 22.45 tons/ha of CO2 emissions), representing a 13% increase compared to the organic system. Additionally, the biodynamic system yielded an increase in total net profit of 5.70 and 21.66% for the maize crop and 6.72 and 22.19% for the faba bean crop compared to the organic and conventional farming systems, respectively. The farming system significantly influenced the soil carbon sequestration and organic carbon.

Analysis of the Influence of Business Model Innovation on the Operating Capacity of Enterprises: Taking Zhejiang Haers as an Example

This paper takes the case of Zhejiang Haers as the object to explore the impact of business model innovation on the operating capacity of the enterprise, analyzes the impact on the operating capacity of the enterprise through the form of the business model of cooperation between Zhejiang Haers and various types of flow intellectual property (IP), analyzes the enterprise’s inventory turnover, accounts receivable turnover, total asset turnover and net profit to a certain extent, and concludes that the innovation of business model will strengthen the operating capacity of the enterprise. By analyzing the inventory turnover rate, accounts receivable turnover rate, total assets turnover rate, and net profit of the enterprise, it is believed that the innovation of the business model will strengthen the enterprise’s operating ability to a certain extent.

EKSPLORASI DINAMIKA STRUKTUR MODAL PADA PT SEMEN INDONESIA (PERSER) TBK

This research explores the capital structure of PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk for the period 2019-2023, using qualitative methods and literature review studies. The research focus includes analysis of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Liquidity, Profitability (ROA), Total Asset Turnover, Sales Growth, Asset Structure, Net Profit Margin, Company Size, and Business Risk. The data analyzed comes from the company's annual financial statements as well as various other reliable public data sources. The research findings show that DER has decreased significantly, reflecting an increase in the company's financial stability. Although liquidity fluctuates and tends to be below industry standards, ROA is relatively stable with an average of 2.9%, while Total Asset Turnover and Net Profit Margin perform quite well despite being below industry standards. Sales Growth fluctuated significantly, while the company's Asset Structure experienced a decline. Nonetheless, Company Size stabilized with significant total assets, and Business Risk showed moderate fluctuations. This research provides important insights for company management in developing more efficient financial strategies for the future

A Critical-Level Dynamic Pricing Mechanism for Improving Supply Chain Inventory Policies With Multiple Types of Customers: An Integration of Rationing Policy and Dynamic Pricing

In today’s highly dynamic and competitive environment, an effective and practical inventory policy is critical for every supply chain and can dramatically affect its performance. When a supply chain faces multiple types of customers with different characteristics, management encounters even more challenges in making decisions about inventory policies. By integrating inventory rationing policies and dynamic pricing strategies, this study proposes a critical-level dynamic pricing (CLDP) mechanism associated with inventory ordering policies to address these challenges. Furthermore, to demonstrate the implementation and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed policy, we develop a simulation model with the CLDP mechanism and apply it to a specific numerical case. The results show that the proposed inventory policy improves the total net profit by 12.58%. Finally, the conclusions and future research topics are discussed.

Profit and investment provision of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine

Investment processes are crucial for agricultural enterprises' sustainable development, innovativeness, competitiveness, and food security. The article presents the results of the study, the purpose of which was to quantitatively assess the role of the profit of agricultural enterprises in the investment provision in agriculture in Ukraine in 2012-2022. Quantitative research methods were used, particularly trend analysis, correlation analysis, and a regression model design. The dynamic tendencies of investing and profitability in agriculture were defined. It showed the trend of increasing the annual number of investments in agriculture in the pre-war years. Political factors explained some deviations from the growth trend. Only in the first year of the war were capital investments reduced by 27% in agriculture in Ukraine. The total net profit of agricultural enterprises was positive during the research period, but its annual value fluctuated significantly. Our study has revealed a significant correlation between the profit of agricultural enterprises and the volume of investments in agriculture. We have developed regression models that demonstrate this relationship for the periods 2012-2022 and 2012-2021 with a one-year lag for investments. Our findings confirm that profit is the primary financial source of investment and innovation in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. To ensure the innovative development of agrarian enterprises and the country's food security, further scientific research is needed to determine the financial sources of investment and their optimal structure in agriculture, particularly in times of decreasing profitability. Keywords: profit, investments, investment provision, enterprise, agriculture.

The Effect of Current Ratio, Total Asset Turnover and Net Profit Margin on Profit Growth in the Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange

The Effect of Current Ratio, Total Asset Turnover and Net Profit Margin on Profit Growth in the Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange

Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by green manure increases succeeding maize yield and annual economic benefit in low‐yield cropland in the Yellow River Delta

AbstractGreen manures (GM) combined with fertilizer reduction is an efficient measure to alleviate the environmental issues caused by the overapplication of chemical fertilizer. However, both the environmental and economic benefits remain unclear in coastal regions that are affected by both soil salinization and climate change. A field experiment was conducted in low‐yield cropland in the Yellow River Delta to explore the effects of green manure rotation combined with fertilizer reduction on the soil environment and economic sustainability. Two GM species, Vicia villosa (HV) and Orychophragmus violaceus (OV), a traditional winter wheat (Wheat), were grown in winter, with a fallow control (Fallow). In the subsequent maize season, three fertilizer rate treatments, a full rate of 600 kg ha−1 compound fertilizer (F100), 85% of the full rate (F85), and 70% of the full rate (F70), were applied in each former treatment. The results indicated that GM return markedly increased soil total N (TN) and P (TP) before the V6 stage of maize (when maize had 6 leaves). The average TN contents of HV and OV increased by 56.9% and 38.5%, respectively, compared with that of Wheat, while the values for TP were 13.6% and 16.9%. Compared with Fallow, the maize yields of HV and OV increased by 25.6% and 13.8%, respectively, while that of Wheat decreased by 9.1%. The average partial fertilizer productivities (PFPs) for HV and OV increased by 25.3% and 14.0% compared with Fallow, while Wheat decreased by 8.9%. The PFPs for F85 and F70 increased by 19.4% and 37.7%, respectively, compared with F100. Reducing the fertilizer rate to 70% in the HV–maize rotation pattern did not reduce but increased the total net profit and rate of return. Thus, HV–maize rotation combined with 30% fertilizer reduction is suggested for sustainable agriculture in this region.

ANALISIS ARUS KAS DALAM MENGUKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. UNITED TRACTORS PADA TAHUN 2021-2022

The cash flow report is a component of financial reports that has an important role in the decision making process. The cash flow statement includes three main categories: operating activities, investing activities, and maintenance activities. In operational activities, this report reveals how efficient the company is in generating cash from its core business activities. Cash flow statements are used effectively in company performance analysis. The aim of this research is to determine the financial condition of the company PT United Tractors using cash flow ratio analysis. This research was conducted using a descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach, namely using calculations of the operating cash flow ratio, cash cover ratio, capital expenditure ratio, total debt ratio and net profit ratio. The data collection technique used is document study and literature study. The results of this research as a whole show that the cash flow statement ratio analysis of PT United Tractors in 2021-2022 shows good financial performance.

Financial Management Strategies for Corporate Investments Based on Integer Linear Programming Models

Abstract This paper first gives the financial management strategy of enterprise investment, mainly from determining the financial management model of enterprise investment, improving the centralized management level of funds and optimizing the enterprise investment decision-making process in three aspects. Then, build the financial management model based on integer linear programming through the enterprise investment theory to find the effective investment of assets, the use of absolute deviation risk measurement model to reduce the risk of investment so that the maximization of returns and maintain the stability of returns. Lastly, we utilize Enterprise B as the research object for empirical analysis. From the analysis of investment efficiency, the increment of total assets and net profit is increasing; the increment of total assets in 2022 is 58 million more than that of 2015, and the increment of net profit in 2022 is 49 million more than that of 2015. The data shows that the financial management strategy of business investment improves the investment efficiency of the company and enhances the overall operation of the company’s space.

Pengaruh Total Utang Dan Total Modal Terhadap Laba Bersih Dengan Pendapatan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanan Dan Minuman Di Jakarta Islamic Index Tahun 2017-2021

The purpose of this study was to find out whether total debt and total capital affect net profit with income as a moderating variable for manufacturing companies in the Jakarta Islamic Index for 2017-2021. This study uses data processing research methods in numerical form. The samples in this study are 7 manufacturing companies in the Food and Beverage Sub-Sector on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2017-2021 period. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative. The results of the research on the t-test show that total debt has a significant effect on net income with a value of (0.0008 <0.05), total capital has a significant effect on net income with a value of (0.0000 <0.05). Whereas total debt does not have a significant effect on net income with income as a moderating variable with a value of (0.0638 > 0.05) and total capital does not have a significant effect on net income with income as a moderating variable in manufacturing companies in the Food and Beverage Sub Sector in the Jakarta Islamic Index in 2017-2021 with a value of (0.8553 > 0.05)

Needs Analysis and Payback Models for Tractor Design Based on Field Data from Farmers in Sudan

The adoption of agricultural machinery in countries with a developing economy can have a significant impact on improving well-being and pro-poor growth. However, this requires farmers to buy into mechanized farming, which is more likely to happen if the machinery meets their needs. The objective of this paper is to identify deciding factors for traditional farmers to adopt machinery and identify design requirements. Payback models were developed based on these design requirements, willingness to pay, and expected returns. Thirty-six farmers in Sudan were interviewed throughout 2019–2021. Six of these farmers were provided tractors during 2020 and 2021. Differences in net-profits between the 30 control and 6 treatment farms during the mechanized farming seasons were used in the models for expected profits. There were no significant differences in tractor design preferences between the treatment and control groups. Two cost models were estimated using a 95% confidence interval: entire Δ profit (entire additional profit from mechanized farming above nonmechanized) and percentage of total profit (percentage of total net-profits willing to spend). For the average farm size in this study (44.39 acres) and a market available tractor that satisfied all farmer needs, payback was 3.92 years [2.34, 8.54] and 4.57 years [3.39, 6.38] for the models, respectively.

PENGARUH TOTAL ASSET TURN OVER DAN NET PROFIT MARGIN TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSET PADA PT NIPPON INDOSARI CORPINDO TBK PERIODE 2012-2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Total Asset Turnover and Net Profit on Return on Assets at PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk for the 2012-2021 period partially or simultaneously. The selection of independent variables used in this study is Total Asset Turnover and Net Profit Margin. While the dependent variable is Return on Assets (ROA). The population in this study is the annual financial statements of PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Meanwhile, the samples used in this study are all balance sheets and income statements at PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk for the 2012-2021 period. The sample selection was carried out using purposive sampling, namely by collecting, recording and reviewing secondary data in the form of the company's financial statements. The analytical method uses descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, t test, f test and coefficient of determination test (R2) using SPSS 25 application. The results of this study indicate that partially Total Asset Turnover and Net Profit Margin have a significant effect on Return on Assets. Simultaneously Total Asset Turnover and Net Profit Margin have a significant effect on Return on Assets.

A design of a circular closed-loop agri-food supply chain network—A case study of the soybean industry

In recent years, there has been an irresistible need for the agri-food industry to prioritize the development of efficient supply chain systems considering circular economy concepts. Agri-food products are critical to sustaining human life, as they provide essential nutrients required for maintaining bodily functions. Producing the appropriate quantity of agri-food products to match the potential demand is crucial for efficient supply to industries and markets. In addition, the principles of the circular economy can be employed to effectively utilize or reintroduce agri-food waste back into the network. This work formulates a novel mixed-integer linear programming model to propose a closed-loop agri-food supply chain network design for the soybean industry under sustainability and circular economy terms. The multi-objective network struggles to manage the total net profit while monitoring CO2 emissions and the satisfaction of customers within the network. Given the NP-hard nature of the network, the solution approach embraces a set of conventional and hybrid metaheuristics to surmount its complexity effectively. To this end, four multi-objective optimizers and three hybrid algorithms are utilized. Hence, the model's compatibility with real conditions is investigated using fifteen practical tests. The results of interval plots and the hybrid multi-criteria decision-making techniques emphasize that optimizers can solve all sizes of problems. However, MOGWO is better suited for addressing small-size problems, whereas MOHHSA is highly effective for tackling problems of medium and large sizes.

Economic analysis of cashew nut marketing in Udi Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria

Cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L) is one of the most essential and major cash crops produced in Nigeria. This research, therefore, explored the economics of cashew nuts marketing in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Primary data were sourced from cashew nut marketers through the use of well-designed questionnaires. Sixty respondents were randomly selected from three main markets in the study area. Descriptive statistics and (OLS) multiple regression models were used to achieve the study objectives. Descriptive statistics and (OLS) multiple regression models were used to achieve the objectives. Wherefore the study identified the marketing channels, analysed the cost and returns of the enterprise, determined the socio-economic factors affecting the quantity of cashew nuts marketed, and ascertained the constraints associated with cashew nuts marketing in the study area. From the results, the market was dominated by males (65%), most of the respondents (51.7%) were between 21 and 40 years, and majority were married (81.7%). An average number of the marketers (50%) had secondary school education, while 31.7% and 18.7% had primary and higher education, respectively. Most of the marketers (63.3%) bought directly from farmers, while 26.7% purchased from wholesalers. Total revenue, gross profit, and net profit were respectively ₦651,627.00, ₦120,618.00, and ₦81,067.70, showing that the business is profitable. Respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics which significantly affected quantity of cashew nut marketed were age (p < 0.1), household size (p < 0.05), and membership to market association (p < 0.05). Major constraints were seasonality of produce, high cost of transportation, bad weather (rain), and inadequate capital. It was recommended that government should provide good road networks to ease transportation problem. The marketers should form cooperative societies to facilitate easy access to credits and other relevant resources.

Enhancing productivity, quality, and economics of rose scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) through a novel integrated approach to phosphorus application

Phosphorus limitation is a major factor that adversely affects rose scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) herbage followed by essential oil yield which is extracted from the green herbage of this high-value aromatic plant. To ensure sustainable yield, the need to improve phosphorus use efficiency in geranium cultivation is inevitable. Current study was undertaken to develop a cost-effective integrated phosphorus management package for the grower’s community to maximize yield, quality, and economics of geranium by combining optimizing phosphorous dose with paddy straw mulch and inoculation with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM). Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2020–21 and 2021–22) at the research farm of CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India. Twelve treatment combinations were executed in a split plot design. Treatment comprised of two levels of paddy straw mulch (7.5 t ha−1 and no mulch), two levels of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) inoculation (6.5 kg ha−1and no VAM), and three levels of phosphorous doses (100 kg P2O5 ha−1, 150 P2O5 kg ha−1, and no Phosphorus). Mean data of two years revealed that rose scented geranium is a highly responsive crop towards all the variables applied. Growth parameters, yield attributes, herbage and oil yield, and essential oil quality were significantly improved. Nutrient uptake which is a prime concern of this study was also enhanced due to improvement in soil enzymatic activity, soil microbial biomass carbon, and soil nutrient status due to the combined effect of paddy straw mulching, VAM application, and optimum P doses. Maximum fresh herb yield (657.41 kg ha−1) was recorded in M1V1P1 while the highest volatile oil content, and oil yield (0.131% and 69.11 kg ha−1 respectively) were found in M1V1P2. At both the crop stages, maximum nutrient uptake (N = 1.44% and 1.85%, P = 0.30% and 0.35%, and K= 2.03% and 2.45% respectively) were also recorded with M1V1P2. The same treatment combination (M1V1P2) was recorded with maximum gross return (10403.3 US$ ha−1), total net profit (7795.5 US$ ha−1), and B:C ratio (2.99). Thus, this study recommends that geranium should be grown with appropriate phosphorus dose i.e. 150 kg P2O5 ha−1 along with VAM application (6.5 kg ha−1) and paddy straw mulching @ 7.5 t ha−1 for higher, cost-effective, and better quality oil production.

Estimating Marigold Cultivation Costs and Returns per Hectare in Raipur District, Chhattisgarh, India

"Economic Analysis of Marigold Production in Raipur, Chhattisgarh" is the topic of the current study. The sample was chosen using a multistage random sampling design. The Raipur district's 1 Block, 5 Villages, and 80 marigold producers were all included in the study. By using the personal interview method, the main statistics for the season of 2023 were gathered. Different secondary sources were used to gather information on the region, production, and productivity. Tabular analysis was heavily used to achieve the study's numerous goals. The study's key findings showed that marigold production costs per 100 kilograms and cost of cultivation per hectare were respectively Rs. 68874.54 and Rs. 1003.16. There was a total net profit of Rs. 130258.8 per hectare. The return on investment was 1.89 rupees. Farmers' responses to the problems with marigold production, such as the high cost of fertilizers and pesticides, a lack of labor, and pest and disease attacks.

Measuring network efficiency of the aquaculture value chain in Turkey

The objectives of this study were: (i) to analyze trout and sea bream/sea bass value chains in Turkey; (ii) to estimate the overall efficiency of trout and sea bream/sea bass value chains in Turkey by market type; (iii)to compare the profit margins and individual efficiency levels of producers, wholesalers, and retailers within each value chain. Research data sources were fish farms producing trout and sea bream/sea bass, as well as processors, wholesalers, exporters, and retailers along the value chain. Producer-level data were collected from 30 cultured fish farms in the Muğla province, using a simple random sampling method. Other actor-level data were identified using the snowball technique based on the response of the previous actor. Value chain analysis was conducted using the Porter model. A multi-stage network Data Envelopment Analysis model was used to estimate overall efficiency. Research results showed that in the domestic market, producers added the most value to both trout and sea bream/sea bass value chains while gaining the lowest total net profit. In the overseas market, sea bream/sea bass producers added the most value to the value chain, but gained a smaller total net profit than retailers. Trout producers added the second most value to the value chain but obtained a lower total net profit than retailers and processors. Research results also showed that retailers had the highest net profit margin in both value chains in the overseas market. In the domestic value chain, producers and wholesalers had the highest net profit margins in the sea bream/sea bass market, while producers had the highest net profit margin in the trout market. Based on the network efficiency analysis results for the domestic fresh fish market, the individual efficiency score of intermediaries increased as fish moved from producers toward the other links in the network. Producers had the lowest efficiency score in the overseas processed fish market. This study suggests carrying out holistic training and education, focused on creating fair value chains for fresh and processed fish with the cooperation of all parties. This would increase both the overall efficiency of value chain networks and the individual efficiency of intermediaries. Building a more collaborative culture among fish farmers, processors, exporters, and retailers along the fresh and processed fish value chains, and promoting communication between them, can also lead to increased efficiency of intermediaries.

The Economic Feasibility of use Laser Leveling and Different Methods of Weed Control in the Corn (Zea Mays. L) Crop

A field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields of Diyala Governorate / Hebhab district during the autumn season of 2019-2020. The aim of study was to demonstrate economic feasibility of weed control by different methods and its effect on the total net profit achieved by using repeated plowing (once, twice) with two settlement systems (traditional, laser), The indicators of production and economic efficiency showed that superiority of plowing twice with the application of the accurate adjustment with the treatment of (chemical control + mechanical cultivating) in achieving the highest net profit amounted to 3489 dollars. Other costs were increased at a rate of $1250.ha-1, which was positively reflected in the increase in total revenues of $5,267.ha-1.

Profitability of spiny lobster (Panulirus spp.) puerulus collection in Palawan, Philippines

Understanding profitability is crucial when engaging in any fishery business venture. The collection of spiny lobster puerulus has recently caught the interest of many fisherfolks in the province of Palawan, but information regarding its profitability is wanting. This study determined the profitability of puerulus collection based on the information given by two collectors, one from barangay (Bgy.) Rizal, Roxas and and another one from Bgy. San Juan, Aborlan. Information such as the cost of materials, operating expenses, and the monthly catch were gathered with a guide questionnaire. The return on investment (ROI) were based on sales under the prevailing buying prices and base (or fixed) prices. Both collectors invested nearly PHP 100,000 in fabricating 1,000 – 2,000 units of cement discs and for operating the traps for either six or seven months. Under the prevailing buying prices and regulated price, only the collector in Roxas had positive total net profits (PHP 13,490 and PHP 182,640) and ROI (15% and 198%), respectively. Local ordinances are needed to assist and protect the puerulus collectors from income loss caused by variable buying prices from traders. The collectors may explore using cheap and equally effective puerulus traps to reduce investment costs.

A study on geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L′Herit ex Aiton) cultivars’ productivity and economics as intervening by diverse climatic conditions of the western peninsular region of India

The essential oil of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L′Herit ex Aiton) has multifarious properties and is one of the industrially important aromatic crop. Since the productivity, content, and composition of essential oil of geranium is well recognized that geranium depends on both external and internal variabilities, which include suitable cultivars, climate, and seasonal changes, knowledge of the different agro-climatic conditions is necessary for the production of quality essential oil. Hence, the current investigation was carried out to study the variation in the yield productivity and essential oil composition of the two selected geranium cultivars, CIMAP Bio-G-171 (C1) existing cultivar and the newly released cultivar CIM-Bharat (C2). The study was conducted during the year 2020–2022 in a tropical region of five different districts/locations [Satara district (L1), Ratnagiri district (L2), Bhandara district (L3), Jalgaon district (L4) and Ahmednagar district (L5)] of Maharashtra, India. The results findings revealed that the productivity of geranium cultivars was influenced by different locations in Maharashtra. From the mean data of locations, fresh biomass yield was ranging 47.62–27.47 (ton ha−1). From the mean data of the cultivar, C2 showed a maximum (56.45 kg ha−1) essential oil yield over the presently dominant cultivar C1 (47.55 kg ha−1), however C:G ratio of cultivar C2 was higher than C1 in all locations. According to the average economic data from each location, L3 had the maximum gross return (10,270 US$ ha−1 or 8.036 × 105 INR ha−1), total net profit (7356 US$ ha−1 or 5.756 × 105 INR ha−1), and B:C ratio (2.52), while it was followed by L2 and lowest was achieved in L5.