Total Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity Research Articles

Accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

BackgroundThe liver effects of concentrated vs. more evenly distributed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) patterns remain unclear. We aimed to examine the association of accelerometer-measured MVPA and different MVPA patterns with liver outcomes.MethodsEighty-eight thousand six hundred fifty-six participants without prior liver diseases from UK Biobank were included. MVPA was measured by a wrist-worn accelerometer. Based on the guideline-based threshold (≥ 150 min/week), MVPA patterns were defined as inactive (< 150 min/week), active weekend warrior (WW; ≥ 150 min/week with ≥ 50% of total MVPA achieved within 1–2 days), and regularly active (≥ 150 min/week but not active WW) patterns. The primary outcome was incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 562 participants developed NAFLD. Overall, there was a nonlinear inverse association of total MVPA with incident NAFLD (P for nonlinearity = 0.009): the risk of NAFLD rapidly decreased with the increment of MVPA (per 100 min/week increment: HR = 0.68; 95%CI, 0.57–0.81) when MVPA < 208 min/week, while moderately declined (HR = 0.91; 95%CI, 0.84–0.99) when MVPA ≥ 208 min/week. For MVPA patterns, compared with inactive group, both active WW (HR = 0.55, 95%CI, 0.44–0.67) and active regular (HR = 0.49, 95%CI, 0.38–0.63) group were associated with a similar lower risk of NAFLD. Similar results were observed for each secondary outcome, including incident severe liver diseases, incident liver cirrhosis, and liver magnetic resonance imaging-based liver steatosis and fibrosis.ConclusionsRegardless of whether MVPA was concentrated within 1 to 2 days or spread over most days of the week, more MVPA was associated with a lower risk of incident liver outcomes, including NAFLD, liver cirrhosis, liver steatosis, and fibrosis, to MVPA more evenly distributed.

Evaluation of indoor activities for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in preschoolers

ABSTRACT The study objectives were 1) to determine the feasibility and acceptability of indoor activities to achieve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in preschoolers, and 2) compare MVPA estimates between direct observation (DO) and various accelerometry placements. In this cross-sectional study, 35 preschoolers (51% female, 54% 3-year-olds) performed six, 6-minute activities (dancing to video, balloon/bubbles, stationary exergame cycling, circuits, running-in-place, and cleaning up) in sequential order, facilitated by a trained staff member. Triaxial accelerometers (Actigraph Gt3×BT) at the ankle, waist, and wrist measured MVPA using age-specific cut-points. Total activity and MVPA time were quantified via DO of video recordings. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed via parent and child report. Preschoolers contributed 4339, 15-second epochs of accelerometry and DO data (~31.0 minutes/preschooler). Preschoolers achieved MVPA ≥ 50% of the time while engaging in balloon/bubbles, cycling, and circuits; but not while dancing to video (15%), running-in-place (48.5%), or cleaning up (8%). There were no differences in MVPA by age, sex, or between screen and non-screen activities. Parents and preschoolers reported most activities were feasible (≥4.0/5.0). Waist and ankle accelerometry had strong agreement with DO (ICCs range: 0.70–0.84) while wrist had fair to low agreement (ICCs: 0.22–0.58). Multiple indoor activities show promise to increase preschoolers’ MVPA.

Accelerometer-derived 'weekend warrior' physical activity pattern and brain health.

Extensive evidence shows the beneficial effect of adhering to a regular physical activity (PA) pattern on brain health. However, whether the 'weekend warrior' pattern, characterized by concentrated moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) over 1-2 days, is associated with brain health is unclear. Here, we perform a prospective cohort study including 75,629 participants from the UK Biobank with validated accelerometry data. Individuals were classified into three PA patterns using current guideline thresholds: inactive (<150 min week-1 of MVPA), weekend warrior (≥150 min week-1 with ≥50% of total MVPA occurring within 1-2 days) and regularly active (≥150 min week-1 but not meeting weekend warrior criteria). We find that the weekend warrior pattern is associated with similarly lower risks of dementia, stroke, Parkinson's disease, depressive disorders and anxiety compared to a regularly active pattern. Our findings highlight the weekend warrior pattern as a potential alternative in preventive intervention strategies, particularly for those unable to maintain daily activity routines.

Effectiveness of behavioural interventions with motivational interviewing on physical activity outcomes in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of behavioural interventions that include motivational interviewing on physical activity outcomes in adults.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Study selectionA search of seven databases for randomised controlled trials published...

Impact of lifestyle moderate-to-vigorous physical activity timing on glycemic control in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic impairments.

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) improves glucose levels; however, whether its timing affects daily glycemic control remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of lifestyle MVPA timing on daily glycemic control in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic impairments. A total of 186 adults (50% women; age, 46.8 [SD 6.2] years) with overweight/obesity (BMI, 32.9 [SD 3.5] kg/m2) and at least one metabolic impairment participated in this cross-sectional study. MVPA and glucose patterns were simultaneously monitored over a 14-day period using a triaxial accelerometer worn on the nondominant wrist and a continuous glucose-monitoring device, respectively. Each day was classified as "inactive" if no MVPA was accumulated; as "morning," "afternoon," or "evening" if >50% of the MVPA minutes for that day were accumulated between 0600 and 1200, 1200 and 1800, or 1800 and 0000 hours, respectively; or as "mixed" if none of the defined time windows accounted for >50% of the MVPA for that day. Accumulating >50% of total MVPA during the evening was associated with lower 24-h(mean difference [95% CI], -1.26 mg/dL [95% CI: -2.2 to -0.4]), diurnal (-1.10 mg/dL [95% CI: -2.0 to -0.2]), and nocturnal mean glucose levels (-2.16 mg/dL [95% CI: -3.5 to -0.8]) compared with being inactive. This association was stronger in those participants with impaired glucose regulation. The pattern of these associations was similar in both men and women. These findings suggest that timing of lifestyle MVPA is significant. Specifically, accumulating more MVPA during the evening appears to have a beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic impairments.

The association of diet quality and physical activity with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 85,545 older Australians: A longitudinal study

BackgroundA quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. However, despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health, the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly, particularly within the context of CVD prevention. We examined the independent, interactive, and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality. MethodsCVD-free Australian participants aged 45–74 years (n = 85,545) reported physical activity, diet, sociodemographic, and lifestyle characteristics at baseline (2006–2009) and follow-up (2012–2015), and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries (03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality). Diet quality was categorized as low, medium, and high based on meeting dietary recommendations. Physical activity was operationalized as (a) total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as per guidelines, and (b) the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) to total MVPA. We used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying covariates. ResultsDuring a median of 10.7 years of follow-up, 6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes (876 from CVD during 9.3 years). A high-quality diet was associated with a 17% lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet, and the highest MVPA category (compared with the lowest) was associated with a 44% and 48% lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, respectively. Multiplicative interactions between diet and physical activity were non-significant. For all outcomes, the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA categories. Accounting for total MVPA, some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality. ConclusionFor CVD prevention and longevity, one should adhere to both a healthy diet and an active lifestyle and incorporate some VPA when possible.

Physical activity reduces cardiovascular risk and mortality in people with severe mental illness: a cohort study using accelerometry

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of excess mortality in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Physical activity (PA) is widely acknowledged with multiple health benefits, but associations of PA with incident CVD, all-cause and CVD mortality in people with SMI remain unclear.ObjectivesTo determine dose-response and intensity-specific associations of PA with incident CVD, all-cause and CVD mortality in people with SMI.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted on 6313 SMI participants with accelerometry data from UK Biobank (mean age 61.05 years) from February 2013 to November 2021 (median 7-year follow-up). Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was categorized by meeting the guideline level or not, while total PA and light-intensity PA (LPA) were grouped by tertiles. Incident CVD, all-cause and CVD mortality ascertained by hospital and death registries were main outcomes.ResultsPA was inversely associated with the risk for incident CVD (Poverall &lt; 0.05 for total PA and MVPA, Pnonlinearity &gt; 0.05 for all PA), all-cause mortality (Poverall &lt; 0.05 for all PA, Pnonlinearity &lt; 0.05 for total PA and LPA), and CVD mortality (Poverall &lt; 0.001 for total PA and LPA, Pnonlinearity &lt; 0.05 for all PA). Performing guideline-recommended volume of MVPA was associated with a reduced risk of 19% for incident CVD (95% CI, 0.67-0.98), 42% for all-cause mortality (95% CI, 0.43-0.79), and 50% for CVD mortality (95% CI, 0.31-0.82). A combination of recommended MVPA and a moderate volume of LPA was associated with the lowest risk, mitigating 21% risk for incident CVD, 59% for all-cause mortality, and 78% for CVD mortality.ConclusionsPrimary engagement of guideline-recommended MVPA, supplemented with moderate amount of LPA, was associated with lower risks for incident CVD, all-cause and CVD mortality among people with SMI.AcknowledgementsThis research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 58082.Funding SupportThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 32100880), Guangzhou Municipal Key Discipline in Medicine (2021-2023), Guangzhou High-level Clinical Key Specialty, and Guangzhou Research-oriented Hospital. The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Role of the Perceived Neighborhood Social Environment on Adolescent Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity: Findings from Add Health.

Few studies have examined the role of perceived neighborhood characteristics such as neighborhood safety, social cohesion, and contentedness on sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) among adolescents. Furthermore, no studies have investigated how these associations are moderated by gender and race. This study aimed to examine the associations of the perceived neighborhood social environment with (SB) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Data from 6504 adolescents (aged 15.4 ± 0.03 years) who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health was used. SB and PA were considered continuously and dichotomously. PNSE variables include safety, social cohesion, and contentedness, where higher values of PNSE indicate a more favorable neighborhood perception. Weighted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of PNSE with continuous total SB (hours/week) and MVPA (bouts/week), and binary excessive SB (14h/week) and meeting MVPA guidelines (≥ 5 bouts/week), respectively. Associations were stratified by gender and race to test moderation effects. Models were adjusted for demographic, health, parental, and neighborhood covariates. This study found that neighborhood safety and contentedness were negatively associated with SB, whereas neighborhood social cohesion and contentedness were positively associated with PA. Gender-specific and race-specific results remained somewhat consistent with overall findings; however, neighborhood safety was not associated with SB among female and non-White adolescents, respectively. Similarly, neighborhood safety and contentedness were not associated with MVPA for non-White adolescents. Findings suggest that an adolescent's neighborhood environment, gender, and race should be considered when implementing strategies to reduce SB and increase PA.

Association between screen time and physical activity on mental health among preschoolers: a cross-sectional study from Southwest China.

Screen time and physical activity behaviors undergo development during early childhood and impact mental health. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the associations between physical activity, screen time, and mental health problems (MHP) in preschoolers. This study examines these associations using a large sample size and brief measures. A multistage cluster stratified sampling method was used to conduct an observational cross-sectional study of 19,015 Chinese preschoolers in 2020. Information on physical activity, and screen time was collected by a self-administered questionnaire; MHP was assessed by the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Logistic regression models were used to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of preschoolers' MHP associated with screen time, total physical activities, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and outdoor physical activities. A total of 19,015 participants from the 19,548 recruited population were included in the analyses (missing rate: 2.73%), 52.60% were boys. 64.01%, 57.96%, 35.98%, and 82.64% of preschoolers were reported to meet total physical activities, MVPA, and outdoor activities with screen time recommendations level. The results of multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of preschoolers' MHP for comparisons of different levels of screen time (< 2h/day, 2-4h/day,≥4h/day) show that screen time positively associated with MHP after adjusting for confounders (P < 0.05), but the association was not significant among girls with screen time ≥ 4h/day. In addition, increased engagement in physical activity was reversely linked to MHP (P < 0.05). A stronger association between MHP and MVPA was observed in boys, however, this association was weakened when the total time spent engaging in MVPA exceeded two hours per day (P < 0.05). Less physical activity and more screen time positively relate to MHP, but the relationship differs by type of physical activity, total time, and gender. These findings provide novel insights and evidence supporting for guidelines on physical activity, screen time, and improvement of mental health for preschoolers.

Research-Grade Accelerometers to Assess Intervention Effectiveness and Commercial Wearables as a Self-Monitoring Tool: Are the Two Aligned on Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity?

There is limited evidence about how comparable commercial monitors and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) cut-points frequently used with research-grade accelerometers are in estimating time spent in MVPA when both are worn on the wrist. We used data from 14 adults (57.3 years) who concurrently wore Fitbit (Versa 2) and Axivity (AX3) monitors to assess comparability between the Fitbit and Axivity data, aggregated to 5-s and 60-s epochs, for time spent in daily MVPA and MVPA in bouts of ≥1 – &lt;2 min, ≥2 – &lt;5 min, and ≥5 min. The Fitbit provided higher estimates of total daily MVPA (93.8 ± 66.3 min/day) compared with Axivity-assessed MVPA derived from either 5-s (59.2 ± 37.3 min/day) or 60-s (47.4 ± 36.2 min/day) epochs. The number and duration of MVPA bouts were also higher from Fitbit compared with Axivity (5-s and 60-s epochs). Intraclass correlation coefficients showed moderate to good reliability between MVPA assessed by the Fitbit and Axivity devices (5 s and 60 s). Bland–Altman analysis suggested proportional bias between the Fitbit and Axivity outcomes with wide limits of agreement. No MVPA outcomes were within the 10% equivalency zone. Researchers utilizing the Fitbit as a self-monitoring tool within an intervention should be aware of the potential misalignment with the research-grade accelerometer used to evaluate intervention effectiveness. Feedback from a Fitbit may inform participants they have achieved the required MVPA, while outcomes from the research-grade device may classify them as not meeting their target.

DURATION, INTENSITY, AND CONTENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES IN A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF CHILDREN ATTENDING 5TH AND 6TH GRADES OF PRIMARY EDUCATION

Physical Education (PE) is an educational process that develops the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and well-being of children, through games, sports, exercises, etc. The study aimed to evaluate the parameters of physical activity (PA) during PE class and to investigate the content, time, and intensity of children who participated in PE class, by gender and obesity status. PA and PE items were assessed by a self-administrated PA checklist, proper for children. A representative sample of Greek boys and girls aged 10 to 12 years (N=3195) participated in the study. Boys incorporated higher levels of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (62 ± 45 min/d) than girls (27 ± 33 min/d, p&amp;lt;0.05). Students, who participated in PE classes, presented increased total PA (139 ± 2 vs. 116 ± 51 min/d, p&amp;lt;0.05) and MVPA (62 ± 38 vs. 40 ± 32 min/d, p&amp;lt;0.05), and a higher percentage of them met (77 vs. 66%, p&amp;lt;0.05) the recommended PA levels than those who didn't participate. Among participants in PE classes, boys reported higher time of MVPA than girls (19.4 ± 23.9 vs. 10.3 ± 17.7 min/d, p&amp;lt;0.05), while girls had more time in light PA as compared to boys (15.1 ± 18.1 vs. 20.5 ± 21.3 min/d, p&amp;lt;0.05). There were no significant differences between normal-weight and overweight/obese participants in PE classes neither in PA sub-components (total PA, LPA, and MVPA) nor in sports/games did they participate. PE classes play a significant role in students' levels of PA, especially for overweight/obese children.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0012/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Relationships of Total and Domain-Specific Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity with All-Cause and Disease-Specific Mortality.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with all-cause and disease-specific mortality. We also investigated how the association between MVPA at leisure time (LT-MVPA) and health outcomes differs at different MVPA at work (WT-MVPA) levels. The 81,601 community-dwelling Japanese persons age 50-79 yr who responded to a questionnaire in 2000-2003 were followed until 2018. Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association of total MVPA with risks of all-cause, cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory disease mortality. Then, we compared the mortality risk according to the tertile of LT-MVPA, stratified by the tertile of WT-MVPA. During the 15.1 yr of average follow-up, 16,951 deaths were identified. Even total MVPA below the recommended volume (i.e., 0.1-1.49 MET·h·d -1 ) was associated with 11% to 24% reductions in all-cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.96) and heart disease mortality (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61-0.94), compared with no MVPA at all. The further reduced risks were seen in MVPA up to 10 MET·h·d -1 . The inverse association between LT-MVPA and mortality risks was more evident at lower WT-MVPA, which was also inversely associated with the risks. Health benefits were observed at low levels of MVPA and up to 10 MET·h·d -1 , although the fine threshold for excessive MVPA was not clear. LT-MVPA had distinct health benefits especially for persons with lower WT-MVPA.

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and mental health in Norwegian youths; a longitudinal study

Abstract Background Research suggests that the mental health of adolescents is less than optimal. Physical activity (PA) has been positively associated with mental health, while the relationships with sedentary behaviour (SED) has shown negative associations. Previous studies have methodological limitations related to study design and instruments used to measure both PA/SED and mental health. Purpose Explore whether changes in objectively assessed PA [Total PA and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)] and SED are associated with mental health problems (MHP) and mental well-being (MWB) among adolescents. Methods Longitudinal data was collected from 11 lower secondary schools in three waves between 2016-2018. Baseline participation rate was 60% (599 participants, 54.4% girls, 13.3 years). PA and SED were measured by ActiGraph GT3X+/BT. MHP were measured by the Strengths and difficulties questionnaire, while MWB was measured by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. Results No associations between PA (Total PA and MVPA) and MHP were found neither for girls nor boys. However, for boys the results showed a positive relationship between change in SED and MWB (p = 0.02) implying that a daily increase in SED of 60 minutes would be equivalent to a 3.2 points higher score in MWB. For girls, there was a modest relationship between change in Total PA and MWB (p = 0.04) Conclusions Our data suggest that there may be a gendered pattern in the relationship between PA, SED and mental health among adolescents. Changes in Total PA and MVPA was largely unrelated to MHP in a healthy sample of adolescents. Among boys, an increase in SED was associated with improved MWB. For girls, the relationship with MWB was only apparent through an increase in Total PA. Key messages • The relationships between PA, SED and mental health among adolescents are complex. • SED may provide an arena for supporting MWB depending on the activities undertaken and requires further research.

Effects of customer relationship management (CRM) strategies and socio-cognitive constructs on the physical activity of individuals with arthritis over time.

Regular physical activity is important for arthritis self-management and could be promoted through tailoring community leisure and fitness centers' customer-relationship management (CRM) strategies. This study investigates the influence of two CRM strategies on individuals with arthritis reaching or maintaining two moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) thresholds (≥150 and ≥45 minutes/week) from baseline-to-12 months and 12-to-24 months as well as mean changes in total minutes/week of MVPA. It also explores time-dependent variations in the influence of socio-cognitive variables on MVPA outcomes. Survey data from 374 participants with arthritis in a two-year randomized controlled trial (control versus two CRM strategies: IncentiveOnly and Incentive+Support) were used. Participants reported measures of physical activity participation, socio-cognitive decision-making, mental and physical wellbeing, friendship, community connectedness, sense of trust in others, and demographics. Receiving the Incentive+Support CRM strategy (versus control) increased participants' likelihood of reaching/maintaining both physical activity thresholds from 12-to-24 months (≥150 MVPA minutes/week, p < .001; ≥45 MVPA minutes/week, p < .032) but not from baseline-to-12 months. However, receiving the IncentiveOnly CRM strategy (versus control) did not predict reaching/maintaining these thresholds. Importantly, socio-cognitive decision-making variables' influence on reaching/maintaining these MVPA thresholds varied over time, suggesting CRM strategies may require further tailoring based on time-specific profiles. Perhaps because of new facility induced excitement, the mean change in total MVPA minutes/week for the control group significantly increased (26.8 minute/week, p = .014, 95% CI [5.5, 48.0]) from baseline-to-12 months, but subsequently declined by 11.4 minute/week from 12-to-24 months (p = .296, 95% CI [-32.7, 9.9]). Mean changes in total MVPA minutes/week were non-significant for those receiving IncentiveOnly content but significant for those receiving Incentive+Support content: baseline-to-12 months (38.2 minute/week increase, p = .023, 95% CI [4.9, 71.4]) and baseline-to-24-months (45.9 minute/week increase, p = .007, 95% CI [12.7, 79.1]).

Can Moving More and Sitting Less Improve the Academic Engagement of Adolescents?- A Study Based on Junior High School Students in Shanghai, China.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between academic engagement and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) and sedentary behavior (SB) among adolescents, so as to provide evidence from the perspective of exercising for students to learn efficiently, teachers to improve classroom teaching, and schools to improve educational quality. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 12 junior high schools in Shanghai, China, which were selected by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Then, with the valid data of 2078 students collected from the survey. A data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 26.0. Multiple linear regression models were adopted to analyze the factors affecting adolescent academic engagement and to determine whether MVPA, MSE, and SB play roles in it. (1) The differences in academic engagement depended on the exercise adherence to the recommended amount of MVPA, MSE, and screen-based SB. (2) In terms of the three independent variables of total time, MSE (β = 0.206) and MVPA (β = 0.175) showed a significant positive correlation with academic engagement, while SB (β = -0.155) was negatively correlated with academic engagement. (3) From the linear regression model of eight combination groups divided by the exercise adherence to the recommended amount of MVPA, MSE and SB, the group that met none of the recommendations (β = -0.235) showed a significant negative effect on academic engagement, while the groups that met any two or all three of the recommendations demonstrated strong positive correlations with academic engagement (P < 0.001). Increasing adolescents' muscle-strengthening exercise and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior can effectively promote academic engagement. Therefore, adolescents are suggested to reach the recommended amounts of physical activity, muscle-strengthening exercise, and sedentary behavior so as to improve academic engagement more effectively.

Physical Activity Among Adolescent Cancer Survivors: The PACCS Study.

Physical activity (PA) may modify risks of late effects after cancer. We aimed to examine levels of PA and sedentary time (ST) in a large, international sample of adolescent childhood cancer survivors in relation to sociodemographic and cancer-related factors and compare levels of PA and ST to reference cohorts. Survivors from any cancer diagnosis who had completed cancer treatment ≥1 year ago, aged 9 to 16 years, were eligible for the multicenter Physical Activity in Childhood Cancer Survivors study. PA and ST were measured by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. We performed linear regression analyses to assess factors associated with moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and ST, and compared marginal means of total PA, MVPA, and ST in 432 survivors to sex- and age-stratified references (2-year intervals) using immediate t-tests for aggregated data. Among survivors, 34% fulfilled the World Health Organization's PA recommendation of ≥60 min of daily MVPA on average and their ST was 8.7 hours per day. Being female, older, overweight, a survivor of central nervous system tumor, or having experienced relapse were associated with lower MVPA and/or higher ST. Generally, male survivors spent less time in MVPA compared with references, whereas female survivors had similar levels. Both male and female survivors had higher ST than references in nearly all age groups. The low PA and high ST in this large sample of adolescent childhood cancer survivors is worrisome. Combined, our results call for targeted interventions addressing both PA and ST in follow-up care after childhood cancer.

Correlations in Siblings' Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Results from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth.

Background: Family is an important determinant of youth's health behaviors, yet research on the importance of intragenerational relationships for determining physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SBs) is limited. This study examined correlations in siblings' total PA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and SB and explored potential determinants of differences in Hispanic/Latino siblings' activity. Methods: Hispanic/Latino 8-16-year olds from the cross-sectional Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth with ≥1 sibling enrolled were examined (n = 535). Activity was assessed using the Actical accelerometer. Linear mixed models were used with total PA, MVPA, or SB as the outcome; correlations among siblings' PA and SB were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: ICCs for siblings' total PA, MVPA, and SB were 0.26 (95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.36), 0.29 (0.21-0.38), and 0.42 (0.34-0.51), respectively. There were no differences in correlations between siblings who were all brothers compared to all sisters. However, compared to siblings of differing sexes, siblings who were all brothers had the strongest correlations in total PA (0.61 [0.46-0.76]) and MVPA (0.64 [0.49-0.78]), and siblings who were all sisters had the weakest correlations in SB (0.14 [-0.10 to 0.37]). Correlations did not differ according to age, and social and environmental measures did not explain differences in siblings' PA or SB. Conclusions: Correlations in Hispanic/Latino siblings' PA and SB ranged from slight to fair, with siblings who were all brothers generally having the strongest correlations. Future research should examine determinants of sex-specific differences in siblings' PA and SB correlations.

Park Area and Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents: Findings From the Healthy Communities Study.

There is currently a nationwide effort to bring parks and green spaces within a 10-minute walk of the home. We examined the association between park area within 1km of a child's residence and self-reported park-specific physical activity (PA) along with accelerometer-derived moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A subsample of K through eighth-grade youth (n = 493) from the Healthy Communities Study reported whether they engaged in park-specific PA during the last 24hours and wore an accelerometer for up to 7days. Park area was defined as the percentage of park land in a 1km Euclidean buffer around the participant's residence, categorized into quintiles. Analysis consisted of logistic and linear regression modeling with interaction effects that controlled for clustering within communities. Regression models estimated greater park-specific PA for participants in the fourth and fifth quintiles of park land. Age, sex, race ethnicity, and family income were unrelated to park-specific PA. Accelerometer analysis indicated that total MVPA was unrelated to park area. Older children (β = -8.73, P < .001) and girls (β = -13.44, P < .001) engaged in less MVPA. Seasonality significantly predicted both park-specific PA and total MVPA. Increasing park area is likely to improve youth PA patterns, lending support for the 10-minute walk initiative.

Accelerometer-Derived “Weekend Warrior” Physical Activity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Guidelines recommend 150 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week for overall health benefit, but the relative effects of concentrated vs more evenly distributed activity are unclear. To examine associations between an accelerometer-derived "weekend warrior" pattern (ie, most MVPA achieved over 1-2 days) vs MVPA spread more evenly with risk of incident cardiovascular events. Retrospective analysis of UK Biobank cohort study participants providing a full week of accelerometer-based physical activity data between June 8, 2013, and December 30, 2015. Three MVPA patterns were compared: active weekend warrior (active WW, ≥150 minutes with ≥50% of total MVPA achieved in 1-2 days), active regular (≥150 minutes and not meeting active WW status), and inactive (<150 minutes). The same patterns were assessed using the sample median threshold of 230.4 minutes or more of MVPA per week. Associations between activity pattern and incident atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for age, sex, racial and ethnic background, tobacco use, alcohol intake, Townsend Deprivation Index, employment status, self-reported health, and diet quality. A total of 89 573 individuals (mean [SD] age, 62 [7.8] years; 56% women) who underwent accelerometry were included. When stratified at the threshold of 150 minutes or more of MVPA per week, a total of 37 872 were in the active WW group (42.2%), 21 473 were in the active regular group (24.0%), and 30 228 were in the inactive group (33.7%). In multivariable-adjusted models, both activity patterns were associated with similarly lower risks of incident atrial fibrillation (active WW: hazard ratio [HR], 0.78 [95% CI, 0.74-0.83]; active regular: 0.81 [95% CI, 0.74-0.88; inactive: HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.94-1.07]), myocardial infarction (active WW: 0.73 [95% CI, 0.67-0.80]; active regular: 0.65 [95% CI, 0.57-0.74]; and inactive: 1.00 [95% CI, 0.91-1.10]), heart failure (active WW: 0.62 [95% CI, 0.56-0.68]; active regular: 0.64 [95% CI, 0.56-0.73]; and inactive: 1.00 [95% CI, 0.92-1.09]), and stroke (active WW: 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71-0.88]; active regular: 0.83 [95% CI, 0.72-0.97]; and inactive: 1.00 [95% CI, 0.90-1.11]). Findings were consistent at the median threshold of 230.4 minutes or more of MVPA per week, although associations with stroke were no longer significant (active WW: 0.89 [95% CI, 0.79-1.02]; active regular: 0.87 [95% CI, 0.74-1.02]; and inactive: 1.00 [95% CI, 0.90-1.11]). Physical activity concentrated within 1 to 2 days was associated with similarly lower risk of cardiovascular outcomes to more evenly distributed activity.

Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity of Community-Dwelling Korean Breast Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Study.

This study aimed to investigate the contemporary characteristics of sedentary behavior and physical activity levels in breast cancer survivors. The cross-sectional data of 10,073 community-dwelling Korean women aged ≥50 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The differences in sedentary behavior, walking activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels between breast cancer survivors, other cancer survivors, and women with no history of cancer were compared by complex-sample general linear models. Breast cancer survivors spent significantly less mean time in sedentary behavior than other cancer survivors and women with no history of cancer; however, among them, 48.34% spent a long sedentary time of ≥420 min/day. Breast cancer survivors had a significantly higher level of walking activity and similar total MVPA levels compared to women with no history of cancer. When comparing domain-specific MVPA levels, breast cancer survivors showed significantly lower work-related MVPA levels than women with no history of cancer. In recent years, community-dwelling Korean breast cancer survivors were less sedentary, walked more, and had equivalent MVPA levels compared with women with no history of cancer. Considering the growing emphasis on healthy lifestyles, our results may reflect more contemporary behavior trends of breast cancer survivors.