Historical demography as a discipline of science has established in France by Louis Henry. He utilized first the genealogy of Geneva followed by the parish registers which were found in almost all Christian societies after the sixteenth or seventeenth century.His method named“family reconstitution”was to link the events of baptism, burial and marriage of persons recorded in the sources. Baptism can be looked on the birth and burial the death. To make linkage individual man and woman, a couple can be reconstituted with the ages at marriage and their child bearings, in good case the children's life courses.This was truly revolutionary achievement for historical population studies, though it was necessary tremendous efforts, time and research fund. However, through family reconstitution transformed population history to historical demograhy. Since through this method, researchers can calculate the TMFR (total marital fertility rate), the infant death, age at marriage, and the duration of marriage, that were looked impossible before modern censuses or population surveys was carried out.There are many kind of sources of historical demography in the world. Among them, the population register type records are particularly valuable, when we can use them periodically continuous. Since they have the information on the state of population which lacks in the parish register. Most of demographic analysis requires the“rates.”To find them we need to have not only numerator but also denominator (or population at risk). The parish register describes just the events in human life course, i.e. the numerator. Moreover, almost all population registers recorded the existing “family”which was the neighbor of population. Marriage, migration and inheritance are the key term for both population and family studies.The problem is where the good population records are available. Up to now, we have found the high quality series of this kind of sources in Sweden (after mid-seventeenth century), Belgium (after mid-nineteenth century), Italy (after mid-seventeenth century), China (after mid-eighteenth century) and Japan. We organized the international comparative study group, “Eurasian Project, ”supported by Japanese Government.In the Japan's case, we have one of the best records of this kind. They are the“shumon-aratame-cho”or“nimbetsu-aratame-cho”, hereafter I call them SAC. The SAC was a product of the harsh policy of prohibition of Christianity. The Tokugawa government issued the order to ban the Christianity in 1638, that all the Japanese should be the Buddhist and to prove this the registers must be compiled by village and town officers. All the residents had to sit for the inquisition fundamentally every year.Eventually, in the best case, we have the annual SAC survey from 1638 to 1871 when the early Meiji government abolished this investigation under the pressure of the Western power. But in reality there are a lot of exceptions and during over 230 years, most of the sources were broken out. Still we collected over 100 village and town records. We can of course apply the family reconstitution, but we are now carrying out more detailed research, based on the individual life history. We can utilize the life course analysis, event history analysis and advanced demographic and statistical methods. The results are appearing both for domestic and international studies.