Total Low-density Lipoprotein Research Articles

A 4-week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Use of Grape Seed Extract for Reducing Plasma Glucose, Lipid Profile, and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease that can significantly decrease life expectancy due to its complications. Grapes (Vitis Vinifera L.) and their byproducts, including seeds, have been used globally to treat various ailments. In this clinical trial, we investigated the effect of Iranian grape seed extract (GSE) on fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile [including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG)], as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Seventy-four patients with T2DM were divided into two groups; 38 patients in the treatment group received 263.2 mg of GSE (standardized to contain 250 mg of proanthocyanidine) twice daily, and 36 patients in the placebo group received 263.2 mg of placebo twice daily for thirty days. At the end of the intervention, a statistically significant decrease was observed in SBP [from 125.83 ± 13.39 in the placebo group to 121.94 ± 7.49 in the treatment group (P = 0.002]), and FBS [from 144.75 ± 30.82 in the placebo group to 129.87 ± 31.79 in the treatment group (P = 0.001)]. There were no significant changes in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG, and DBP between the two groups. Consuming Iranian GSE for a short duration can lower FBS and systolic blood pressure (BP), suggesting that GSE may play a key role in improving BP and fasting blood glucose in patients with T2DM.

Inverstigation of the Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Lipid Metabolism

Although the fact that technology is at the fingertips of almost every person in the daily life process provides the opportunity to handle all tasks easily, it has also opened the door to the problem of restricting physical movements. Many health problems may occur due to physical inactivity, especially with advancing age. A few of these are obesity and cardiovascular system disorders that develop due to excess fat and weight gain. At this point, exercise is the most effective element in reducing these diseases. Exercise applied regularly can benefit the heart by positively affecting lipid and lipoprotein Levels. It is known that exercise reduces total cholesterol, serum triglyceride and low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In particular, aerobic exercise not only changes lipoprotein concentrations quantitatively, but also causes positive changes in lipoprotein subgroups (Öğe, 2019; Assunçãovd.,2017). So that; The importance of regular physical activity and exercise for healthy aging and its preventive effects on chronic diseases are inevitable (Costa et al. 2018). Studies on exercise show that moderate-intensity regular exercises and long-term exercises have positive effects on lipid metabolism. It has been shown that it increases HDL levels while decreasing blood levels of Total Cholesterol, LDL and Triglycerides. In addition to these changes in blood lipid levels, it is well known that high blood pressure and obesity diseases also decrease with exercise. (Lemura and Amdreacci, 2000; Fox et al., 1999; Karagöz, 2016). Due to this effect of exercise on healthy life dynamics, it is considered a fundamental factor in improving the quality of life of individuals. In recent years, the positive effects of aerobic exercise on metabolic health have received much attention. Especially with the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle, insufficient exercise and physical activity can cause a number of health problems, including lipid metabolism (Dunstan et al., 2012; Mozaffarian et al., 2011; Barranco et al., 2019). Lipid metabolism is an important biochemical mechanism that includes the processes of synthesis, transportation and storage of fats in the body. Levels of lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) play a critical role in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease (Rossi et al., 2016; Mohr et al., 2014). In this context, understanding how aerobic exercise affects the lipid profile is important for protecting and improving cardiovascular health. At this point, spinning, which is an aerobic exercise; It is a type of entertaining activity accompanied by music, performed for weight loss purposes, and intensely stimulating muscle groups (Caria et al., 2007; Tortop et al., 2010; Uzun, 2016). It is a type of high-intensity cardiovascular activity and is widely preferred. It is a form of conditioning exercise. Spinning classes involve a dynamic exercise routine on special bikes and are very interesting as they are performed in groups, often accompanied by music. Therefore, its positive effects on lipid metabolism are inevitable. When the literature is examined; It is noteworthy that there are few studies examining the effects of spinning exercise on lipid metabolism in women. This research shows that a 6-week aerobic (spinning) exercise program applied to sedentary women has positive effects on lipid metabolism. It is thought that the research will shed light on the literature in terms of conducting more comprehensive studies examining these effects. and whose average age was 24.58±3.53. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer (TANİTA TC-418, USA) was used to determine the weight and fat percentage measurements of the participants. No diet program was applied to the participants during the study.

The Short-Term Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Lipid Parameters and Emotional Appetite in Morbidly Obese Individuals

Background: Obesity is a public health problem that has an increasing effect all over the world and affects health in many ways. In cases where the BMI exceeds 40 kg/m2 or in individuals with a BMI of 35 kg/m2 and accompanying diseases, weight loss cannot be achieved, thus bariatric surgeries are applied. Methods: In this study, the relationship between blood lipid parameters and emotional appetite status in the pre-operative and early post-operative periods of individuals who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (n = 47) was investigated. Results: As a result of the study, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol values of individuals in the early post-operative period were statistically significantly decreased (p< 0.001). It was found that there was a weak positive correlation between individuals' early post-operative total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol values, positive mood and state total scores, and negative emotion and state total scores (p

Antidyslipidemic Effect of Diherbal mixture of Pteridium Aquilinum and Caesalpinia bonducella in Albino Rats

Pteridium aquilinum and Caesalpinia bonducella are plants commonly used in the management of various ailments in Nigerian folk medicine. Each of them have been found to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can help in maintaining cardiovascular health. In the present study, the effect of the herbal mixture on the lipid profile of albino rats was investigated. A total of twenty albino rats were used in the study. These rats were randomly distributed into 5 groups of 4 rats per group. The rats were allowed to acclimatize for ten days prior to treatment. Rats in group 1 (control) were kept on water and feed. While rats in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were treated with 200, 400, 600 and 800mg/kg bwt. of the di-herbal mixture respectively. The treatments lasted for 21 days. Twenty four hours after treatment, the rats were sacrificed. Blood samples collected and prepared for lipid profile. The following parameters: total cholesterol (TC), High-density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) were evaluated by standard methods. Results showed that the di-herbal mixture exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and Triglyceride. For instance, the control rats had a total cholesterol value of 91.28± 3.54mg/dl. When the herbal mixture was introduced at the dose of 200mgkg bwt, cholesterol value reduced to 90.28±3.77mg/dl. Dose-dependent increments in HDL Cholesterol levels were however, recorded. For instance, the control rats had a HDL Cholesterol value of 32.28 ± 1.81mg/dl. When the herbal sample was given at the initial dose of 200mg/kg bwt, HDL Cholesterol level increased to 34.21 ± 1.72mg/dl. When the extract dose was further increased to 400mg/kg bwt. HDL Cholesterol level was found to be 34.61± 2.10mg/dl. The conclusion was thus drawn that the sample has the potency of maintaining healthy levels of the cardiac function parameters investigated.

Lutein in chronic diseases: A mini review

Lutein is a xanthophyll carotenoid that can be found in a divergency of fruits and plants. Its main action is to protect eye health and vision. Its antioxidant properties play a crucial role in eye agitations, in decreasing inflammation, in protecting the neural tissues from chemical analyzed hypoxia and cell apoptosis. Lutein supplementation in associa- tion with low-calorie diet had a notable abatement in fat-free mass, visceral fat and serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol. Lutein may also have a natural anti-cancer effect. This is because foods rich in lutein have antioxidant activity and oppose inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this mini-review was to provide an up-to-date overview of the main effects of lutein in health and disease.

(197) Natural Aphrodisiacs Consumption by Male Workers in the Katanga province, DR Congo

Abstract Introduction In a previous cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of ED among artisanal mineworkers, we found a significant association between aphrodisiacs consumption and erectile dysfunction (Musa et al. under review). Objective This study aimed at investigating the main reasons of aphrodisiacs consumption and their possible health effects in male workers in the Katanga province. Methods We conducted a mixed method study in which a first quantitative phase (survey) was conducted from March 2021 to May 2021, and included by convenience sampling, 127 artisanal miners and 122 drivers of collective taxis. All participants responded to the IIEF in the first survey. We measured urea, creatinine, sGOT, sGPT, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride in serum. The second qualitative phase (interviews) took place later, and included 16 participants from the first quantitative study, 8 in each group. Results Self-reported aphrodisiacs consumption was 1.6 as prevalent among taxi-drivers compared to miners. ED was 1.5 as prevalent among aphrodisiacs' consumers compared to controls. Total cholesterol and LDL were significantly higher in aphrodisiac consumers than in non-consumers. Cultural perceptions about masculinity, support of erectile function and/or prevention of ED were themes that emerged from interviews in both groups. Two most consumed aphrodisiacs including Securidaca longepedunculata and Mitragyna stipulosa were taken with alcohol. No evidence of nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity was found. Conclusions In a population with high rate of herbal treatment use, we found a high prevalence of natural aphrodisiac plants that are widely consumed instead of pharmacologically proved synthetic drugs probably due to cultural beliefs. More ethno botanical studies of plants consumed as aphrodisiacs including isolation and rigorous identification of the active constituents are needed to provide the poor population with the right information and to protect them against unwanted toxic effects. Disclosure No.

Effects of HCV Clearance with Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) on Liver Stiffness, Liver Fibrosis Stage and Metabolic/Cellular Parameters.

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a clinical and pathological syndrome with various causes and is characterized by varying degrees of hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation. It is a significant cause of liver transplantation and liver-related death worldwide. The hepatic manifestations of CHC are typically characterized by slowly progressing liver fibrosis, which is a non-specific and often disproportionate response to tissue damage. A large majority of HCV patients have extrahepatic manifestations with varying degrees of severity. HCV infection is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, which increases insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and iron overload and causes chronic systemic inflammation. HCV infection is treated using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with cure rates of over 95 percent, minimal side effects, and shorter therapeutic courses. Despite the effective elimination of the virus, it seemed pertinent to understand to what extent HCV clearance eliminates or attenuates all the systemic alterations already induced by the virus during infection and chronicity. Our study aimed to determine whether eliminating HCV with DAAs alters the severity of liver disease (liver stiffness and liver fibrosis stage by TE) and the metabolic/cellular profile of patients with CHC. A group of 329 CHC patients from a Gastroenterology and Hepatology outpatient department were prospectively studied. Of these, 134 were also studied with DAAs. The liver fibrosis stage was evaluated by transient elastography (TE) using a FibroScan® device, and two groups were established for the analysis of liver stiffness (LS): mild and moderate stiffness (fibrosis F1 and F2; F1/2) and severe stiffness (fibrosis and cirrhosis F3 and F4; F3/4). Metabolic/cellular parameters were evaluated before and after antiviral treatment using standard methods: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (γ-GT), haptoglobin (Hp), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), free iron (Fe), transferrin saturation (TS), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin (Ft), glycemia, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and platelets count. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Comparing the fibrosis stage before and after DAAs treatment, we verify a reduction in LS in 85.7% of patients and an improvement in liver fibrosis stage in 22.2% of them after DAAs treatment. Before DAAs treatment, patients showed a 2.410 risk for higher fibrosis stages (F3/4). Comparing metabolic/cellular parameters before and after DAAs treatment, patients showed lower ALP, AST, ALT, γGT, TG, Fe, TIBC, and Ft values and higher TC, LDL, and Hp values after treatment. As such, HCV elimination reduces iron overload and insulin resistance. On the other hand, it caused dyslipidemia, raising total cholesterol and LDL to levels outside the reference values. The improvement in the liver fibrosis stage by TE was mainly associated with higher baseline platelet count and HDL values and lower insulin resistance. With this study, we were able to contribute to the knowledge of the effects of HCV elimination with DAAs on liver disease and metabolic profile to improve the quality of treatment and follow-up of these patients after HCV elimination.

Effect of Ethanol Extract from Kersen Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) on Changes in Blood Factors Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and HDL in Hyperlipidemia Mice

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor of cardiovascular disorder in diabetes mellitus. Lack of insulin in diabetes mellitus can increase lipolysis which leads to an increased free fatty acid that also increases total cholesterol level and LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein). This study aims to determine the effect of Muntingia calabura leaf extract on the level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL, and High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) of alloxan-induced male white mice. Thirty male mice were separated into five groups: negative control (NC) without alloxan and extract, diabetes control (DC) with only alloxan, treatment 1 (T1) with alloxan and 100mg/kgBW of M. calabura leaf extract, treatment 2 (T2) with alloxan and 300 mg/kgBW of M. calabura leaves extract, and positive control (PC) with alloxan and 600 µg/kgBW of glibenclamide. One-Way Anova demonstrated that the administration of glibenclamide and M. calabura effectively reduce TC, TG, LDL and increase HDL compared to the diabetes control group (P<0.05) and the most effective dose M. calabura to decrease TC, TG, LDL, and to increase HDL were 300 mg/kgBW. Extraction using 96% ethanol of M. calabura leaf affects the reduction of TC, TG, LDL, and the increase of HDL in the blood and it can be developed as alternative of antihyperlipidemia drugs.

Artesunate inhibits macrophage-like phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells and attenuates vascular inflammatory injury in atherosclerosis via NLRP3

Inflammation is one of the main pathogenic factors of atherosclerosis (AS), and the phenotypic transformation of macrophages in human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) contributes to the inflammatory injury of blood vessels and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Artesunate reportedly exerts anti-inflammatory activity against AS. Herein, we aimed to explore the artesunate-mediated anti-inflammatory and HVSMC phenotypic switch effects against AS and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms. In vitro, artesunate decreased expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)− 1β. Artesunate significantly inhibited low-density lipoprotein (LDL) expression in HVSMCs and macrophages. In vivo, artesunate reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice, as well as decreased NLRP3 and CD68 expression in atherosclerotic plaques. Artesunate decreased serum levels of triglycerides and increased high-density lipoprotein levels in HFD-med mice; however, serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL were unaltered. Treatment with artesunate substantially increased α-smooth muscle actin expression in aortic tissues while inhibiting expression levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, heparinase, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Collectively, our findings suggest that artesunate-mediated effects may involve inhibition of the ERK1/2/NF-κB/IL-1β pathway in HVSMCs via the downregulation of NLRP3 expression. Thus, artesunate could serve as a novel strategy to treat AS by inhibiting AS plaque formation and suppressing macrophage-like phenotype switching of HVSMCs.

Cacao, the origin of chocolate, can lower lipid profiles? A systematic review

Dyslipidemia is a non-communicable metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal blood fat levels, including total cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Triacylglycerol (TG). Dyslipidemia can lead to life-threatening complication. One of non-pharmacological treatment for dyslipidemia patient is healthy lifestyle such as nutritional modification. Cacao is a rich source of polyphenols with various health benefits. Polyphenols, mainly consisting of flavonoids, act as potent antioxidants. They contribute to increased blood flow, lowered blood pressure, elevated HDL, protection of LDL against oxidation, reduced cardiovascular disease risk, sun protection for the skin, and improved blood flow to the brain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cacao product such as cocoa and chocolate on patients with dyslipidemia. The research employed the systematic literature review method of Randomized Control Trial (RCT). A total of 10 journal articles from the PubMed online journal system, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect were selected based on keywords using the PICO method and specific research criteria. The variables in this study included cocoa and chocolate administration and dyslipidemia, focusing on lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TG). The study results conclude that several factors influence the effect of cacao products administration on changes in lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TG). These factors encompass the type of active ingredient, duration, administration dosage, age, underlying diseases, patient compliance, and additional interventions.

Invitro and Invivo Analysis of Human Milk Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolates for Their Anti-hypercholesterolemia Actions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cholesterol lowering ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from human breast milk under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Six LAB isolates namely Lacticaseibacillus casei 1A, Lactobacillus gasseri 5A, Enterococcus faecium 2C, Limosilactobacillus fermentum 3D, Pediococcus acidilactici 1C, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 7A, were examined for their bile resistance, bile salt hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation and viability in cholesterol rich; DeMan Rogosa and Sharpe broth, simulated gastric, small and upper intestinal conditions. During in vivo experiments, two putative LAB isolates were orally gavage to BALB/c mice, fed with normal basal and cholesterol rich (HCD) diets, daily for a period of 4 weeks. Blood serum analysis including total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and total fecal LAB counts of the animals were determined. The isolates in study showed bile resistance and bile salt hydrolysis activity, while significant differences (P < 0.05) were seen in their cholesterol assimilation ability. L. gasseri 5A (195.67%) and L. plantarum 7A (193.78%) displayed highest cholesterol removal percentages, respectively. Animals in HCD, fed with L. gasseri 5A and L. plantarum 7A showed decreased levels of total cholesterol and LDL, compared to the control groups. In HCD group liver weight was increased, while fecal LAB counts were decreased. No changes were observed in behavior or body weight in all experimental groups. In conclusion, L. gasseri 5A and L. plantarum 7A isolated from human breast milk demonstrates significant hypocholesterolaemic actions in vitro and in vivo and might be considered a promising candidates for preventing hypercholesterolemia in man and animals.

Effects of waste-based concentrates from broiler farm on physico-chemical qualities and blood profile of landrace pigs.

The study aimed to determine the effect of giving concentrate protein from closed-house (CP-CH) broiler farm waste in rations on the meat quality (physical-chemical) and blood profile of landrace crossbreed pigs. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications with 12 finisher-phase landrace pigs with an average body weight of 63.42 ± 2.39 kg. The treatments were: A (control): use of 0% CP-CH + 24% CP-152 concentrate; B: 12% CP-CH + 12% CP-152 concentrate; and C: 24% CP-CH + 0% CP-152 concentrate. The research parameters were meat quality (physical-chemical meat) and blood lipid profile [total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TGs)]. The results showed that treatment group B obtained physical meat quality (pH, drip loss, cooking loss, and water holding capacity) and meat chemical quality (moisture, protein, fat, and ash content) that were almost the same as the control (p > 0.05). By administering 24% CP-CH + 0% CP-152 (C) concentrate, there was a significant decrease in the physical and chemical quality of crossbreed landrace pigs (p < 0.05). Administration of CP-CH at 12%-24% did not affect total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, or blood TGs in landrace-crossbreed pigs. Giving 12% CP-CH (B) obtained meat quality (physical and chemical) almost the same as the control group. Treatment group C significantly reduced the physical and chemical quality of the meat. Administration of CP-CH at 12%-24% did not affect the blood profile of landrace crosses.

Estimation of Lipid Profile in CCl4 Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats

The combination of chlorine and chloroform in the presence of light produces carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a colorless, volatile, non-inflammable liquid. It is a clear liquid with a sweet odor that can be perceived at low levels and does not occur naturally. It poses a significant hazard to one's health and is also one of the leading sources of toxicity in critical organs such as the lungs, kidneys, liver, and brain. Objectives: To determine the lipid profile with CCl4-induced in albino rats. Methods: The research was conducted at the University of Okara, Department of Zoology. The experiment was conducted at the animal home of the Department of Zoology, University of Okara. Albino Rats were the intended targets. There were two groups created: a control group and an experimental group. To test the harmful effect on the lipid profile, the rats were fed 30 per cent diluted carbon tetrachloride, with normal saline as a control group. This was accomplished through a 12-day trial. Sampling or dissection was done after 12 days to determine serum Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Rats were dissected, and their hearts were punctured to obtain a blood sample and organs. After sampling was taken by puncturing the Rats' hearts, the samples were examined by a machine called Micro-Lab 300. Results: Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, and LDL levels were higher than usual. Conclusions: The study indicated that CCl4 has a toxic effect on the lipid profile of rats.

Obesity and Dyslipidemia.

This article sumarizes pathopysiological consequencies between obesity and dyslipidemia and aims to bring some practical approach. Dyslipidemia is often present in individuals with obesity and simultaneusly, many obese individuals have lipid metabolism disorders. Especially the abdominal obesity increases the cardiometabolic risk because of the presence of atherogenic dyslipidemia while the total low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) may be normal. LDL-C is the primary goal in dyslipidemia treatment. Apoliprotein B (Apo B) and non - high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) should be estimated to precise the cardiovascular risk and represents the secondary goal in treatment. Weight loss either with diet or antiobestic medication induces the decrease in triglycerides (TG) and LDL-C and the increase in HDL-C. Composition of nutrients, esp. fatty acids, influences lipid levels. Bariatric surgery is efficient in weight loss and has a significant effect on serum lipids. Dyslipidemia and obesity present common diseases that must be managed to decrease the cardiovascular risk and the risk of obesity-related complications.

Low cholesterol levels are associated with increasing risk of plasma cell neoplasm: A UK biobank cohort study.

Plasma cell neoplasms are a group of hematologic neoplasms that often develop in the elderly population. The relationship between cholesterol levels and hematologic malignancy has been identified in population studies. However, it is still unclear if there is a relationship between cholesterol levels and plasma cell neoplasm in European ancestry. Prospective cohorts included 502,507 individuals from the UK Biobank who were followed up to 2019 and assessed total cholesterol(TC) levels, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) as risk factors for plasma cell neoplasms with Cox proportional hazard regression and restricted cubic spline model. We also used two-sample Mendelian randomization to determine if the cholesterol level has a causal effect on developing plasma cell neoplasms. We observed 1819 plasma cell neoplasm cases during 14.2 years of follow-up in the UK Biobank. We found higher blood serum cholesterol levels at baseline were associated with a lower risk of plasma cell neoplasm in our study. All lipid profiles we analyzed in this study were inversely associated with plasma cell neoplasm risk (all ptrend <0.005) but triglycerides did not have such association. However, there was no suggestive association of genetically predicted serum LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol levels with multiple myeloma. Low serum total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ApoA, and ApoB levels were all associated with increasing the risk of plasma cell neoplasm.

Interaction Between Meal-timing and Dietary Inflammatory Potential: Association with Cardiometabolic End Points in a 3-Month Prospective Analysis

BackgroundDiet quality is a moderator of cardiometabolic markers. The timing of dietary intake may be an important determinant; however, previous results have been mixed. Complex mechanisms may result in an interaction between diet timing and quality. ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association between fasting duration and first and last mealtime and inflammatory and lipid biomarkers. We also explored the interactions between Energy-density Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) scores and meal-timing on inflammatory and lipid biomarkers. MethodsThis study was a secondary data analysis of a dietary intervention. Assessments occurred at baseline and 3 mo. Three unannounced 24-h dietary recalls estimated diet for calculation of E-DII scores, nighttime fasting duration, and first and last mealtime. Cardiometabolic markers were obtained from a fasting blood sample. Multiple linear regression of baseline data was used for aim 1. For aim 2, the interaction between E-DII change over 3 mo and the meal-timing metrics were used to estimate changes in cardiometabolic markers. ResultsMost participants (n = 95) were female (81%) and White (62%) and their average age was 46.9 ± 13.4 y and body mass index of 31.4 ± 7.1 kg/m2. Every 1-h longer fasting duration was associated with increased total cholesterol (β = 5.79, P = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (β = 4.47, P = 0.03), and LDL:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (β = 0.08, P = 0.04). For every 30-min later first mealtime, increases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and LDL:HDL ratios also were observed. Anti-inflammatory E-DII changes were associated with reduced total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (among participants with shorter fasting durations, later last mealtime, or earlier first mealtime) and C-reactive protein (among earlier first mealtime and shorter fasting duration). ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for interaction between dietary timing and quality on cardiometabolic biomarkers. Worsening lipid profiles seen with longer fasting durations may be an artifact of skipped or delayed breakfast, underlining the potential importance of food consumption early in the morning.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02382458.

Serum Lipoprotein(a) Is Not Associated with Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

Aim: To investigate the relationship of serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and other serum lipids with presence of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods: A total of 99 consecutive patients diagnosed with Graves' disease (GD), aged 18-65 years, who had not received prior treatment for GO, thyroid surgery, or radioactive iodine therapy, were recruited between June 2020 and July 2022. In addition, 56 healthy controls (HCs) were included as the control group. All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination, and were classified based on the presence of GO into the GO group (n = 45) and no GO group (n = 54). Fasting blood samples were collected from all participants to analyze serum lipid parameters, including Lp(a), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results: The median serum levels of Lp(a) were 5.7 [4.3-9.2] in the GO group, 6.7 [3.7-9.9] in the no GO group, and 4.7 [3-7.6] in the HC group. The intergroup comparisons of serum Lp(a) levels showed no significant result. The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were also similar between the groups (P > 0.05 for all). However, when analyzing only euthyroid GD patients and the control group, the serum LDL cholesterol levels were found to be significantly higher in the euthyroid GO group [median: 132 interquartile range (IQR) (110-148) mg/dL] than in the HCs [median: 96 IQR (94-118) mg/dL] (P = 0.002). Conclusion: The findings of our study did not support the association between serum Lp(a) levels and GO.

Dietary soybean lecithin promoted growth performance and feeding in juvenile Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) could be by optimizing glucolipid metabolism.

To explore the potential benefits of dietary phospholipids (PLs) in fish glucose metabolism and to promote feed culture of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi), we set up six diets to feed Chinese perch (initial mean body weight 37.01 ± 0.20 g) for 86 days, including: Control diet (CT), 1% (SL1), 2% (SL2), 3% (SL3), 4% (SL4) soybean lecithin (SL) and 2% (KO2) krill oil (KO) supplemental diets (in triplicate, 20 fish each). Our study found that the SL2 significantly improved the weight gain rate and special growth rate, but the KO2 did not. In addition, the SL2 diet significantly improved feed intake, which is consistent with the mRNA levels of appetite-related genes (npy, agrp, leptin A). Additionally, in the CT and SL-added groups, leptin A expression levels were nearly synchronized with serum glucose levels. Besides, the SL2 significantly upregulated expression levels of glut2, gk, cs, fas and downregulated g6pase in the liver, suggesting that it may enhance glucose uptake, aerobic oxidation, and conversion to fatty acids. The SL2 also maintained the hepatic crude lipid content unchanged compared to the CT, possibly by significantly down-regulating the mRNA level of hepatic lipase gene (hl), and by elevating serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level and intraperitoneal fat ratio in significance. Moreover, the serum high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly increased by PL supplementation, and the SL2 further significantly increased serum total cholesterol and LDL levels, suggesting that dietary PLs promote lipid absorption and transport. Furthermore, dietary SL at 1% level could enhance non-specific immune capacity, with serum total protein level being markedly higher than that in the CT group. In conclusion, it is speculated that the promotion of glucose utilization and appetite by 2% dietary SL could be linked. We suggest a 1.91% supplementation of SL in the diet for the best growth performance in juvenile Chinese perch.

Indication of mixed glucose and fatty acid use by inferred brown adipose tissue activity in Samoans.

Despite the growing rates of global obesity and the known positive associations between brown adipose tissue (BAT) and cardiovascular health, little is known about the metabolic effects of BAT activity in Samoans, a population at high risk of obesity and type II diabetes. Here we assessed the potential effects of inferred BAT activity on metabolic health markers in Samoan adults exposed to mild cold. Using point-of-care finger prick technology we measured fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels before and after 30 min of cold exposure among 61 individuals (38 females, 23 males, ages 31-54) from 'Upolu Island, Samoa. Respiratory quotient was measured by indirect calorimetry to determine substrate metabolism at room temperature and cold exposure. Fasting glucose levels decreased significantly (p < .001) after cold exposure while neither total cholesterol (p = .88), HDL (p = .312), nor LDL (p = .089) changed. Respiratory quotient decreased significantly (p = .009) between exposures, suggesting an increased preference for lipid metabolism as a response to cold. The observed effects of inferred BAT activity on biomarkers suggest BAT activity utilizes both glucose and lipid-derived fatty acids as fuel for thermogenesis. Our work provides evidence for the beneficial metabolic effects of BAT and emphasizes the need for the population-specific development of metabolic treatments involving BAT to ensure the successful and equitable minimization of extreme consequences of obesity and metabolic health.

Association between lipid variability and the risk of mortality in cancer patients not receiving lipid-lowering agents.

We investigated the association between total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) variability and cancer patient mortality risk. We retrospectively analyzed 42,539 cancer patients who were not receiving lipid-lowering agents and who had at least three TC measurements within 2 years of their initial cancer diagnosis. Using a multivariable Cox regression model, the risk of mortality was evaluated. In multivariable analysis, Q2 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-1.41), Q3 (aHR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.56-1.76), and Q4 (aHR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.84-2.08) of coefficient of variation (CV) in TC were significantly associated with mortality risk compared to Q1, showing a linear association between higher TC variability and mortality (P for trend<0.001). Q2 (aHR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.06-1.77), Q3 (aHR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.06-1.85), and Q4 (aHR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.14-1.97) were all significantly associated with a higher risk of death compared to Q1 in multivariable Cox regression for the association between CV in LDL and all-cause mortality (P for trend=0.005). In cancer patients who do not receive lipid-lowering agents, high variability in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels was found to pose significant role in mortality risk.