Total Lipid Composition Research Articles

Predominant and secondary pollen botanical origins influence the carotenoid and fatty acid profile in fresh honeybee-collected pollen.

Total and individual carotenoids, fatty acid composition of total lipids, and main lipid classes of 16 fresh bee-collected pollen samples from Romania were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and capillary gas chromatography with mass detection. Analyzed samples were found rich in lutein, whereas β-criptoxanthin and β-carotene were present in a wide range of amounts correlated with predominant botanical origin of the samples. High amounts of lutein were correlated with the presence of Callendula officinalis, Taraxacum officinale and Anthylis sp. The highest amount of total lipids was found in samples where pollen from Brassica sp. was predominant. Lipid classes were dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids were determined in variable amounts. Lipid and carotenoid contents present great variability, explained by the various botanical species present in the samples.

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Monthly variation of total lipid and fatty acid contents of Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) of Black Sea

SummaryThis study represents significant monthly variations of total lipid and fatty acid composition of muscle and liver tissue of Black Sea bonito (P < 0.05). Average total lipids of bonito muscle and liver were 8.4% and 25.1%, respectively, and the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was observed in September and March as 52.9% and 46.6%, respectively. Bonito muscle was found to contain good amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a range of 252.0–1169.1 mg/100 g and 712.1–3324.1 g/100 g, respectively. Higher levels were found in liver at 3323.3 mg/100 g for EPA and 6996.5 mg/100 g for DHA. Although 25–100 g edible muscle is necessary to reach 1 g per day of EPA+DHA requirement for a healthy diet, only 9.8–87.9 g of bonito liver is enough to cover the recommended daily amount for these fatty acids. The results indicate that bonito livers constitute a rich and underexploited source of PUFAs.

AB0078 Effect of Mpges-1 Targeting on Lipid Metabolism in Human Cells

BackgroundMicrosomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is the terminal enzyme in the induced PGE2 production and well-recognized target for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs. Genetic deletion and inhibition of mPGES-1...

Fat soluble vitamins and fatty acid composition of wild Black sea mussel, rapana and shrimp

Abstract Many studies suggest that marine molluscs are one of the most important dietary sources of fat soluble vitamins (E, D3 and A) and essential fatty acids (FA). The most commercially important species from the Bulgarian Black Sea are the Black mussel, rapana and shrimp. There is scarce information in the scientific literature about fat soluble vitamins and FA composition of these Black Sea molluscs. The aims of the present study are to determine and compare fat soluble vitamins content as well as relative daily intake, FA composition and atherogenic index (IA), thrombogenicity index (IT) and flesh-lipid quality index (FLQ) in wild Black Sea mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), rapana (Rapana venosa) and shrimp (Crangon crangon). Fat soluble vitamins were analysed simultaneously using RP-HPLC system. The FA profile was analysed by GC-MS. All of the analysed samples presented significant amounts of vitamin E, followed by vitamin A and D3. Black Sea molluscs are excellent sources of fat soluble vitamins, especially for vitamin D3 - one survey provides more than 100% of the RDI established in Bulgaria. The FA composition of total lipids showed significant differences and the present study revealed that SFA content was significantly higher than MUFA (p<0.001) and PUFA (p<0.001) (SFA>PUFA>MUFA) in shrimp and mussel whereas rapana showed opposite trends (PUFA>SFA>MUFA). The omega6/omega3 and PUFA/SFA ratios of the analysed species were greater than the FAO/WHO recommendations.

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi

Lipid and fatty acid profile of the edible fungus Laetiporus sulphurous. Antifungal and antibacterial properties.

Laetiporus sulphureus is a saprophyte belonging to a specific group of wood-decomposing Basidiomycetes growing on deciduous trees. This fungus has been characterized as a herbal medicine and is also known for its antimicrobial properties. In the present study, high energy extraction techniques using different solvents were compared to obtain maximum yield of the edible fungus Laetiporus sulphureus total lipids. The lipid classes and fatty acid composition of the fruiting bodies' total lipids has been studied using GC-FID and Iatroscan TLC-FID analysis. Among the lipids, the neutral lipids predominated followed by phospholipids and glycolipids. Triglycerides were the most abundant in the neutral lipid fraction, whereas phosphatidylcholine in phospholipids. The existence of relatively high amount of sterols may be correlated to fungus pharmaceutical properties. Total lipids were found to contain high unsaturated degree fatty acids (UFA/SFA>3.4) and dominated of C18:2ω-6, C18:1ω-9 and C16:0 fatty acids. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of mushrooms' lipid extracts from two different solvents were also examined. Results indicated that hexane extracts possessed better antifungal and slightly better antibacterial activity compared to chloroform extracts though both were less active than the commercial antimicrobial agents.

Zebrafish Brain Lipid Characterization and Quantification by1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Lipids play an important role in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Zebrafish models for these diseases have been recently developed. The detailed brain lipid composition of the adult zebrafish is not known, and therefore, the representativeness of these models cannot be properly evaluated. In this study, we characterized the total lipid composition of healthy adult zebrafish using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A close resemblance of the zebrafish brain composition is shown in comparison to the human brain. Moreover, several lipids involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, docosahexaenoic acid, and further, polyunsaturated fatty acids) are detected and quantified. These lipids might represent useful biomarkers in future research toward human therapies. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with high-performance thin-layer chromatography was used for further characterization of zebrafish brain lipids. Our results show that the lipid composition of the zebrafish brain is rather similar to the human brain and thus confirms that zebrafish represents a good model for studying various brain diseases.

The application of near infrared spectroscopy to study lipid characteristics and deterioration of frozen lean fish muscles

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was applied to estimate lipid composition and degradation of two lean fish species, saithe (Pollachius virens) and hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae). Calibration models were developed, using partial least squares (PLS) regression, for total lipid content and composition, free fatty acids (FFA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and fluorescent interaction compounds (OFR). Coefficients of determination for calibration (R2cv) and root-mean-square error of cross validation (RMSECV) ranged from 0.82 to 0.99 and 0.66 to 3.69 for hoki and from 0.64 to 0.99 and 0.06 to 2.65 for saithe, respectively. The validations of the calibrations indicated that lipid composition and FFA of hoki and saithe can be estimated by NIR with good accuracy. Furthermore, NIR differentiate fish muscles with low, medium and high concentration of OFR and TBARS. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential for use of NIR spectroscopy as an objective and non-destructive method to inspect the lipid characteristics and quality of frozen lean fish.

Changes in fatty acid composition and lipid profile during koji fermentation and their relationships with soy sauce flavour

Evolution of lipids during koji fermentation and the effect of lipase supplementation on the sensory properties of soy sauce were investigated. Results showed that total lipids of the koji samples were in the range of 16–21%. The extracted lipid of initial koji consisted mainly of triacylglycerols (TAGs, >98%), followed by phospholipids (PLs), diglycerides (DAGs), monoacylglycerols (MAGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs). As the fermentation proceeded, peroxide value of the lipids decreased while carbonyl value increased (p<0.05). Linoleic acid was utilised fastest according to the fatty acid composition of total lipids, and preferential degradation of PLs to liberate FFAs was also observed. Moreover, phospholipase supplementation had significant influence on the sensory characteristics of soy sauce, especially enhanced (p<0.05) scores for the umami and kokumi taste attributes. All these results indicated that the control of PLs utilisation during fermentation was a potential method to improve soy sauce’s characteristic taste.

Prospective associations between plasma saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and overall and breast cancer risk - modulation by antioxidants: a nested case-control study.

BackgroundMechanistic data suggest that different types of fatty acids play a role in carcinogenesis and that antioxidants may modulate this relationship but epidemiologic evidence is lacking. Our aim was to investigate the association between plasma saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs) and overall and breast cancer risk and to evaluate the potential modulatory effect of an antioxidant supplementation on these relationships.MethodsA nested case-control study included all first incident cancer cases diagnosed in the SU.VI.MAX study between 1994 and 2002 (n = 250 cases, one matched control/case). Participants to the SU.VI.MAX randomized controlled trial received either vitamin/mineral antioxidants or placebo during this intervention period. Baseline fatty acid composition of plasma total lipids was measured by gas chromatography. Conditional logistic regression was performed overall and stratified by intervention group.ResultsDihomo-γ-linolenic acid (Ptrend = 0.002), the dihomo-γ-linolenic/linoleic acids ratio (Ptrend = 0.001), mead acid (Ptrend = 0.0004), and palmitoleic acid (Ptrend = 0.02) were inversely associated with overall cancer risk. The arachidonic/dihomo-γ-linolenic acids ratio (Ptrend = 0.02) and linoleic acid (Ptrend = 0.02) were directly associated with overall cancer risk. Similar results were observed for breast cancer specifically. In stratified analyses, associations were only observed in the placebo group. Notably, total PUFAs were directly associated with overall (Ptrend = 0.02) and breast cancer risk in the placebo group only.ConclusionSpecific SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs were prospectively differentially associated with cancer risk. In addition, this study suggests that antioxidants may modulate these associations by counteracting the potential effects of these fatty acids on carcinogenesis.

The effects of temperature, salinity, concentration and PEGylated lipid on the spontaneous nanostructures of bicellar mixtures

The self-assembling morphologies of low-concentration (mostly 1 and 10mg/mL) bicellar mixtures composed of zwitterionic dipalmitoyl (di-C16) phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dihexanoyl (di-C6) phosphatidylcholine (DHPC), and negatively charged dipalmitoyl (di-C16) phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) were investigated using small angle neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. A polyethylene glycol conjugated (PEGylated) lipid, distearoyl phosphoethanolamine-[methoxy (polyethyleneglycol)-2000] (PEG2000-DSPE), was incorporated in the system at 5mol% of the total lipid composition. The effects of several parameters on the spontaneous structures were studied, including temperature, lipid concentration, salinity, and PEG2000-DSPE. In general, nanodiscs (bicelles) were observed at low temperatures (below the melting temperature, TM of DPPC) depending on the salinity of the solutions. Nanodisc-to-vesicle transition was found upon the elevation of temperature (above TM) in the cases of low lipid concentration in the absence of PEG2000-DSPE or high salinity. Both addition of PEG2000-DSPE and high lipid concentration stabilize the nanodiscs, preventing the formation of multilamellar vesicles, while high salinity promotes vesiculation and the formation of aggregation. This study suggests that the stability of such nanodiscs is presumably controlled by the electrostatic interactions, the steric effect induced by PEG2000-DSPE, and the amount of DHPC located at the disc rim.