Total Inventory Research Articles

Controlling Raw Material Inventory using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method at PT. ICI Paints Indonesia

The inventory control system comprises a set of control policies to determine the level of inventory to be maintained, when orders to replenish inventory should be placed, and how large orders should be. This system determines and ensures the availability of inventory in the right quantity and at the right time. The aim of inventory is in the right quantity and at the right time. Inventory management aims to provide the necessary raw materials for the production process to run smoothly without shortages or excess inventory, thus minimizing inventory control of raw materials, specifically Titanium Dioxide and Calcium Carbonate. The company often faces shortages and excess inventory of these raw materials. The company must estimate the future demand for Titanium Dioxide and Calcium Carbonate raw materials. This prompts the research question of how to analyze the implementation of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method for inventory control of these specific raw materials at PT. ICI Paints Indonesia. This research employs qualitative techniques and analyzes data using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method, Lead Time, Re-Order Point, and Total Inventory Cost Order. The results of this study indicate that inventory control of raw materials using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method is more efficient for managing Titanium Dioxide and Calcium Carbonate raw materials at PT. ICI Paints Indonesia. The company can optimize the inventory of Titanium Dioxide and Calcium Carbonate raw materials and reduce purchasing costs. By establishing a reorder point, the company can anticipate excess or shortage of Titanium Dioxide and Calcium Carbonate raw materials, thus minimizing inventory-purchasing costs.

Model Integrasi Sistem Produksi Single Supllier & Multi Buyer

To compete in a market that continues to grow rapidly, companies need to have the ability to meet market needs. One method that is often used to determine the amount of production in each producer cycle is Economic Production Quantity (EPQ). An integrated inventory model is used to achieve optimal results in the supply chain. In this research, a supply chain network model is developed between one producer and two buyers with the aim of minimizing inventory costs. Producers make simultaneous deliveries to each buyer, and these goods are then sold on the market to consumers. Annual demand from each buyer is assumed to vary, and the inventory cycle is also the same length. The optimal production quantity in one production cycle is found through the use of a simple algorithm. Numerical experiments are carried out to test this algorithm. Numerical experimental results show that the delivery frequency in one production cycle is 4 times. with an optimal production quantity of 1,898 units. The optimal quantity for each shipment to each buyer is 380 units for buyer 1, 285 units for buyer 2, 475 units for buyer 3, 569 units for buyer 4, and 190 units for buyer 5. The total inventory costs in this model, which involving one producer and five buyers, is Rp. 76,757,641.02. This inventory cost is the minimum cost obtained from the numerical experiments that have been carried out.

THE PLANNING FOR UPPER SHOES RAW MATERIAL INVENTORY USING THE MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING (MRP) METHOD (Case Study : PT X)

The planning of raw material inventory is one of the essential factors in planning the order of the raw materials that can make a company maintain its production quality. The company’s policies can be implemented in various ways, such as in planning the raw materials inventory to avoid shortages and excesses of the raw materials supply. However, X Inc. has not implemented inventory planning properly, making the costs incurred by the company not optimal. Thus, Material Requirement Planning (MRP) will be used to determine the scheduling time and quantity of raw materials for ordering with lot sizing techniques. Lot sizing techniques provide solutions to determine the right quantity of raw material orders and minimum total inventory costs with techniques which are Lot for Lot (LFL), Least Unit Cost (LUC), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), and Silver-Meal. Based on the calculation results, the four lot sizing techniques show that the LFL technique is the optimal technique compared to other techniques because it produces the minimum inventory cost of Rp566.015.685,05. Thus, the company can profit Rp13.295.563,75 compared to company policy.

Inventory Control for Eyeglass Supply Using the P Model Based on Sales Products Sales Forecasting (Case Study: Merry Optic Bandung)

Inventory is a resource owned by the company to be used in the production process to meet consumer demand. Companies must be able to control inventory appropriately in order to avoid excess or shortage of inventory by using inventory control. Inventory control is a necessary part of a company that requires an appropriate inventory policy to meet uncertain needs. Based on this background, this study discusses the single item inventory model in the form of photochromic glasses at Merry Optik to find the optimal total inventory cost. In meeting the uncertain needs of the company, the Additive Decomposition forecasting method is used in order to find out the forecast sales data pattern in the future. Uncertain demand causes the inventory system to be probabilistic, so it is necessary to carry out probabilistic inventory control. The P model of the case of back orders was chosen because the range of ordering periods is fixed and the company can buy inventory when it runs out before the time the inventory order is made so that buyers can wait until the inventory arrives. By using Model P for the case of back orders, the company can obtain the period between orders, the total cost of inventory, and the optimal level of service. Based on the results of this study, a pattern of sales forecast data is obtained which repeats every 12 months. Companies must order glasses within a period of 32 days between orders so that it is optimal and able to provide a reduction in the total inventory cost of IDR 21,828,771 with a service level of 95%. Companies can save on inventory costs if they use shorter periods between orders. The total cost of inventory can be more optimal if the company reduces the cost of storing inventory in the warehouse.

Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Barang Menggunakan Metode EOQ

The aim of this research, based on the problem formulation above, is to find out that inventory management by using the Ecolnolmic Order Quantity (EOQ) met mode can minimize the total inventory costs UMKM Home Industry Rumah Tempe Asli HB Pematangsiantar. This thesis research uses a quantitative descriptive method. The method used in controlling tempe goods inventory is the EOQ method. The EOQ method is a inventory management technique carried out by the company by determining the most efficient inventory amount of goods and producing balanced processing costs and storage costs, so that The company can minimize inventory costs. From the results of research using the EOQ method, the total inventory carried out with the EOQ metdown is 80.179 pcs with a purchase frequency of 22 times. The amount of security stock required by UMKM Home Industry Rumah Tempe Asli HB Pematangsiantar is 8.200 pcs. Total inventory using the EOQ method is IDR Rp1.122.421. EOQ meting can reduce the costs of providing merchandise more or can be said to be efficient if applied to UMKM Home Industry Rumah Tempe Asli HB Pematangsiantar. In other words, the inventory control carried out by the company is still not yet optimal. By using the EOlQ met mode in managing mobile inventory, Rumah Tempe Asli HB can optimize the cost of mobile inventory.

Current Progress on the Development of the Integrated Waste Management Consent-Based Siting Process in the United States

Consent-based siting is an approach to siting facilities that prioritizes the participation and needs of people and communities and seeks their willing and informed consent to accept a project in their community. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is firmly committed to a consent-based approach to siting one or more spent nuclear fuel management facilities that enables meaningful and inclusive public participation, addresses community well-being and community needs, and centers equity and environmental justice as core values. At present, nuclear energy accounts for 19% of U.S. electricity production and half of the nation’s carbon-free energy. Nuclear energy is key to achieving the Nation’s goal of a 50% reduction in carbon emissions by the end of the decade, 100% clean electricity by 2035, and a net-zero emissions economy by 2050. Nuclear power will be key to achieving the Nation’s goals, as the United States strives to reduce carbon emissions; ensure energy independence; and maintain leadership in nuclear technology, safety, and security. However, the use of nuclear energy also requires an effective, integrated system for safely managing, storing, and permanently disposing of spent nuclear fuel. Since the 1950s, approximately 90 000 metric tons of heavy metal (MTHM) of spent nuclear fuel has been generated from commercial nuclear power generation in the United States. This inventory grows by approximately 2000 MTHM every year. This commercial spent nuclear fuel is currently safely and securely stored at over 70 sites in more than 30 states where it is enclosed in either steel-lined concrete pools of water or steel and concrete containers known as dry storage casks. The United States also has an inventory of noncommercial spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste, which makes up less than 5% of the total inventory. Management of the Nation’s spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste is the responsibility of the DOE, under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, as amended. This responsibility includes finding sites to store and eventually dispose of this material. Per Congressional direction, DOE’s current activities are focused on establishing a federal interim storage capability for commercial spent nuclear fuel following a consent-based approach. However, a permanent disposal solution for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste will still be needed. DOE will apply lessons learned from consent-based siting for one or more interim storage facilities to future siting efforts for other elements of an integrated nuclear waste management system. An integrated waste management system will include consolidated interim storage capacity, a permanent disposal pathway, and the transportation infrastructure needed to move spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste from nuclear power plants to storage and disposal facilities. This paper describes DOE’s current progress to identify one or more sites to develop a federal consolidated interim storage capability for commercial spent nuclear fuel using a consent-based siting process.

Analysis of Chemical Inventory Control in the GGCP Unit Using Forecasting and EOQ Methods at PT. XYZ

PT. XYZ is a company operating in the energy producing industry. Which has 2 types of products, steam power and electricity. Steam in GGCP contains 3 chemicals, namely Amine, phosphate, oxygen scavenger. However, this company experienced an accumulation of excessive chemical stocks and reduced chemical consumption. This research aims to determine the number of company orders and determine overall inventory costs using forecasting methods and economical order quantities. In calculating the Total Inventory Cost (TIC) results, there is a significant calculation where TIC EOQ has an economical cost for Amine chemicals of IDR. 15,879,937 while the company's TIC is IDR. 36,226,539. with forecast results for Amine chemicals of 4148/ltr, phosphate of 3061/ltr, and scavenger oxygen of 5450/ltr. Meanwhile, the EOQ calculation results obtained a value for Amine chemicals of 1361/ltr, phosphate of 1164/ltr and 1554/ltr for oxygen scavenger chemicals.

Analysis of Inventory Control of Perishable Goods with Capital Constraints and Warehouse Capacity Using the Lagrange EOQ Method (Case Study UD. XYZ)

Inventory control is a company policy in managing goods in order to optimize the number of orders and minimize inventory costs. The object of this research is PT XYZ in Gresik city which produces tempeh and tofu. Several raw materials are needed in the production process, one of which is soybeans. As the main raw material for making tempeh and tofu, soybeans are perishable goods. Previously, the company used a method based on past usage data in controlling its inventory, resulting in bloated inventory costs and a buildup of raw materials in the warehouse. Therefore, researchers need a method that is economical and takes into account the limitations of the company. The Lagrange EOQ method is a model that measures the order quantity by looking at one or more restrictions. The results of the Lagrange EOQ method get an order quantity of 20 sacks of soybeans with an order frequency of 27 times a year, a total inventory cost of Rp. 665,575, an ROP of 12 sacks and a safety stock of 10 sacks.

Analisis Persediaan Bahan Baku Penolong Menggunakan Metode ABC pada PGT Rejowinangun Trenggalek

The research at PGT Rejowinangun Trenggalek aims to enhance efficiency and effectiveness using the ABC method formula. The research results reveal three categories of raw material components. Category A involves 2 items with a total cost of IDR 133,810,000, contributing approximately 79 percent of the total inventory funds. Category B includes 1 item, constituting around 7 percent of the total items, with an absorption cost of IDR 12,600,000. Category C comprises 3 items, accounting for about 13 percent of the total items. The ABC analysis provides an overview of cost distribution and raw material turnover, serving as a basis for efficient order planning.

Optimizing a Multi Period Deterministic Inventory Routing Problem in Agriculture Industries

This paper develops a solving model for multi-period deterministic inventory routing problem (MP-DIRP) in supply chain focus on agriculture industries. The issue is how to improve the perishable product delivery process from a distribution centre (DC) to a collection of customers over a planning horizon. This paper proposed a model to achieve optimization in terms of costs respectively. The transportation problem is solved by using a simulation technique and developed using an algebraic modelling language which is known as a mathematical programming language (AMPL) to find an optimal solution within the period. The route for a distribution centre (DC) is set up by a supplier depending on the number of products assigned to each customer, which contributes to determining the best inventory routing problem (IRP) for each period. As a result, by applying the transportation model developed in this study, it is expected that the industries can achieve optimization by minimizing their total inventory and transportation costs.

SPATIAL CONFLICTS OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER IN THE CITY OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK

Existing spatial conflicts related to the historical environment of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk are analyzed. Examples of the emergence of conflict-forming factors of spatial conflicts related to the impact on the historical and architectural environment of our city are given. An analysis of the appearance of this kind of spatial conflicts, which have the greatest impact on the historical center of the city, where the historical environment of our city is most concentrated, was conducted. 
 Conducting an analysis of the given examples of spatial conflicts that arose on the territory of our city, related to the historical environment, gives grounds for drawing conclusions about the low professional ethics of architects, designers, managers who make decisions without thinking about the preservation of architectural monuments, are not far-sighted in terms of preserving the historical past. Manifestations of inconsistency between architectural and urban planning and historical and architectural legislation. After all, with further actions, we can lose the historical memory associated with many buildings or places, and in the future such places can be displayed only on commemorative plaques, and in the best case, or completely forgotten. 
 It is necessary to continue the work on conducting a total inventory of the architectural monuments of our city with subsequent subsequent certification of historical monuments. Conduct work with all owners or tenants on the conclusion of security agreements with memo holders. 
 Unsystematic intervention in the historical environment deprives us of many historical evidences; any construction work can be carried out in the historical area only after the conclusion of archaeologists. Therefore, during the constant monitoring of construction sites in the center of the city, the department for the protection of cultural heritage obliges developers to conclude agreements with archaeological services, or to assist archaeologists in surveying during earthworks, although in most cases they cause active opposition from both developers and builders.

Altered Oculomotor and Vestibulo-ocular Function in Children and Adolescents Postconcussion.

To document (1) oculomotor (OM) and vestibulo-ocular (VO) function in children with concussion who were symptomatic at the time of assessment and to compare it with that in children with concussion who were clinically recovered (asymptomatic) and in children with no concussive injury, and (2) the extent to which OM and VO function relates to postconcussion symptom severity in injured children. Participants were recruited from a concussion clinic or the community. A total of 108 youth with concussion (72 symptomatic; 36 recovered) and 79 healthy youth (aged 9-18 years). Youth with concussion were included if aged 9 to 18 years, had no previous concussion within the last 12 months, less than 90 days since injury, and no known existing visual disorders or learning disabilities. A prospective cross-sectional study. All participants were tested for OM and VO function with a commercial virtual reality (VR) eye-tracking system (Neuroflex ® , Montreal,Québec, Canada). Participants in the concussion group who completed the postconcussion symptoms were scored with the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory. There was a significant group effect for vergence during smooth pursuit ( F2,176 = 10.90; P < .05), mean latency during saccades ( F2,171 = 5.99; P = .003), and mean response delay during antisaccades ( F2,177 = 9.07; P < .05), where children with symptomatic concussion showed poorer performance than clinically recovered and healthy children. Similar results were found in VO for average vestibular ocular reflex gain in the horizontal leftward ( F2,168 = 7; P = .001) and rightward directions ( F2,163 = 13.08; P < .05) and vertical upward ( F2,147 = 7.60; P = .001) and downward directions ( F2,144 = 13.70; P < .05). Mean saccade error was positively correlated to total Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory scores in younger clinically recovered children. VR eye tracking may be an effective tool for identifying OM and VO deficits in the subacute phase (<90 days) postconcussion.

Technical innovation of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete preparation from Desulfurization Wastewater and Sludge and its Life Cycle Assessment

ABSTRACT The article presents an innovative technique for the production of autoclaved-aerated concrete using desulfurization wastewater. The experiments were conducted to explore the optimal formula that meets the requirements of high compressive strength(≥5MPa) and low oven-dry density (≤600 kg m−3). Combined with specific production cases, the environmental assessment within the scope of the total life cycle assessment and circular economy assessment were carried out. Using compressive strength and maximum dry density as indicators, the optimal formulation was found to be 73%:16%:11%:30%:45% for fly ash: cement: lime: desulfurization wastewater: recycled water (process water). And the optimum ratio was 72%: 14%: 12%: 45%: 30% for fly ash: cement: lime: nanofiltration water: recycled water. The life cycle assessment contains a total life-cycle inventory and willing to pay was 61.1CNY. In addition, the GWP = 144.83 kg per cubic meter of autoclaved aerated concrete, the carbon emission reduction efficiency is 72.4%, the water saving is 0.195CNY for one ton of water, and the water saving rate is 40%. The technology is also a low-cost solution for clean production and circular economy model, promoting green and low-carbon development and meeting the requirements of “waste-free cities” popular worldwide.

Penentuan Order Quantity Bahan Baku Pupuk Bersubsidi Jenis Npk Menggunakan Metode EOQ Di Pt. XYZ

Fertilizer has an important role in supporting the productivity of food crops. The Indonesian government provides subsidized fertilizers in an effort to support the fulfillment of national food needs. The number of subsidized fertilizer needs targeted by the government increases every year. Therefore, appropriate inventory planning is needed to realize the subsidized fertilizer production target that has been set by the government. The type of NPK fertilizer is one of the concerns because this type of subsidized fertilizer has a high demand rate, but its production figure is still far from the realization target. So that in this study the author aims to conduct a comparative analysis of inventory with the policies set by the company, namely Minimum-maximum with the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method. The EOQ method considers several costs, such as holding costs, raw material prices, and ordering costs. There are several outputs produced by the authors in this study, such as the frequency of orders, safety stock, reorder points, and total inventory costs. With this policy, the total cost of raw material inventory that must be spent for the manufacture of NPK fertilizer is Rp 4,257,606,170. And by using the EOQ method, it can save the company's total inventory cost of Rp. 121,368,688 or 2.77%.

Pentingnya Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Paving Dengan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Untuk Optimalisasi Laba

This study aims to determine optimal raw material purchasing planning using the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) approach at the Somber Berkah Sukosari Dagangan Madiun Regency company and to provide input regarding planning and controlling raw material inventory so that it has the potential to increase profit efficiency in the company. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The descriptive analysis technique used to analyze data regarding the problem of planning and controlling raw materials to optimize company profits is to use the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity), TIC (Total Inventory Cost), Safety Stock, Reorder Point, MI (Maximum Inventory) methods. From the research results it is known that the purchase of raw materials using the EOQ method total raw material inventory is less than using the method used by the company today. Besides, the frequency of purchasing raw materials using the EOQ method is smaller than using the company's method. In addition, there are also safety stocks, reorder points and MI (Maximum Inventory) that have been calculated, so that they can anticipate excess or shortage of raw material supplies. Therefore the EOQ method is very important to be applied in companies in order to achieve more optimal company profits.

OPTIMIZATION OF RICE INVENTORY USING FUZZY INVENTORY MODEL AND LAGRANGE INTERPOLATION METHOD

Interpolation is a method to determine the value that is between two values and is known from the data. In some cases, the data obtained is incomplete due to limitations in data collection. Interpolation techniques can be used to obtain approximate data. In this study, the Lagrange interpolation method of degree 2 and degree 3 is used to interpolate the data on rice demand. A trapezoidal fuzzy number expresses the demand data obtained from the interpolation. The other parameters are obtained from company data related to rice supplies and are expressed as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The interpolation accuracy rate is calculated using Mean Error Percentage (MAPE). The second-degree interpolation method produces a MAPE value of 30.76 percent, while the third-degree interpolation has a MAPE of 32.92 percent. The quantity of order respectively 202677 kg, 384610 kg, 1012357 kg, 1447963 kg, and a Total inventory cost of Rp. 129231797951.

Analysis of Supply Quantity Control of Argon Gas Raw Material At PT XY

The background in this research is that there is no method used to manage and control the quantity of raw material supplies at PT XY. This situation causes problems in ordering raw materials so that ordering costs and costs for storage will not be optimal. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of applying the EOQ method to the total cost of raw material inventory at PT. XY. Raw material inventory costs can be minimized by applying the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) method. This method can show the economic order quantity, optimal purchase frequency, time to reorder/ROP (Re-Order Point), and the amount of safety stock. Data collection was carried out using documentation techniques related to observation inventory documents and interviews with several informants, for data analysis using EOQ by calculating total inventory cost, ROP, reorder frequency and safety stock. The results of calculations and data analysis using the EOQ method show that the total cost of inventory is lower than the company's actual method.

Social Skills and Empathy Levels of Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: This study aimed to determine the social skills and empathic levels of students of Trakya University Faculty of Dentistry. Methods: A questionnaire including sociodemographic questions, a social skill inventory, and an empathy scale was administered to 293 students. Results: The empathy score ranged from 17 to 70, with a mean of 42.20±10.40. Empathy scores of 3rd grades were significantly lower than 1st grades, 2nd grades, and 4th grades. There was no statistically significant difference between the 1st, 2nd, and 4th grades regarding empathy scores. The empathy scores of females were statistically significantly higher than males. According to The Social Skills Inventory, the total inventory score was 283.90±24.50. 3rd grade students had lower total inventory scores than 4th grade students. There was no statistically significant difference between the other grades. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive, moderate (48.6%), and statistically significant relationship between empathy score and emotional sensitivity and the total inventory scores. Conclusions: Results suggest that dental students had the most social control and the least social sensitivity. The empathy scores of females were higher than males, and both emotional and social 'sensitivity' subgroups were positively correlated with the empathy scale. Keywords: dental education, dental students, empathy, social skills

Inventory Lot Sizing Decisions for Material Requirements Planning to Minimize Inventory Costs

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Inventory control is one of the most important factors in achieving optimal organizational performance. Material Requirement Planning (MRP) is a common method used by businesses to manage inventories. This study focuses on a hydraulic firm that has been in operation since 2016. This research examines the planning of eleven components to get the best planning for the company. This study contributes to the integration of Moving Average (MA) and Exponential Smoothing (ES) forecasting techniques alongside the MRP and three lot sizing techniques, such as LFL, EOQ, and LUC. T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;he minimum error value&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;between MA and ES are evaluated and followed by the comparison between three lot sizing techniques. The result shows that ES (α=0.1) is selected as the best forecasting technique, and LUC presents the lowest total inventory cost. However, LUC is only 0.05 percent lower than what LFL presents. A larger difference is shown by EOQ with 14.57 percent higher than LUC which makes EOQ unlikely to be selected.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Unexpected Dioxin Formation During Digestion of Soil with Oxidizing Acids.

Dioxins, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), are among the most toxic unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants, and their emission is of great concern. Herein, we discovered abundant dioxin formation in soil and various organic carbon-containing matrices after digestion with aqua regia. Σ17PCDD/Fs concentrations were in the range of 66.6-142,834 pg/g dw (5.6-17,021 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g dw) in 19 soil samples after digestion with aqua regia for 6 h. Σ17PCDD/Fs concentration was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon content (R2 = 0.89; p < 0.01). Compared with cellulose and lignin, humic acid served as an important organic matter component that was converted to PCDD/Fs during soil digestion. Strong oxidation and production of reactive chlorine by aqua regia may be the key factors in the formation of PCDD/Fs. The yearly emission of PCDD/Fs due to digestion with strong acids by the inspection and testing industry was estimated to be 83.8 g TEQ in China in 2021 based on the highest level, which was ∼0.9% of the total dioxin inventory in China. Great attention should be paid to unexpected dioxin formation during digestion processes considering the potential risk of release from laboratories and enterprises.