Total Installed Capacity Of Wind Power Research Articles

Migrating to reverse Auction mechanisms in wind energy sector: Status and challenges

India, with a total installed wind power capacity of 39.25 GW, is fourth largest wind producer in the world. The government aims to achieve 60 GW capacity of wind energy by 2022. Accelerated Depreciation (AD) and Generation Based Incentives (GBI) as policy mechanisms supported the initial growth, but the sudden transition to reverse auction mechanism in 2016 brought a big disruption in the market and the regime is yet to be stabilized. Till now 9 tranches of auctions have been conducted by Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) and 06 by various states. However, most of the projects allocated through auctions are behind the schedule and many tenders have gone undersubscribed. At present limited literature is available on the status and challenges arisen due to wind energy reverse auctions in India and this paper through systematic literature review does a comprehensive study on the same . Land availability, transmission and evacuation infrastructure bottlenecks, tariff revisions and renegotiation of PPAs by states, poor financial health of state discoms, financing problems, curtailment risk and tariff caps are identified as major challenges faced by wind power developers (WPDs) and these are required to be addressed by the government on priority.

Hidden outlaws in the forest? A legal and spatial analysis of onshore wind energy in Germany

Onshore wind power has become one of the most important technologies for renewable electricity production throughout the world, with Germany being one of the global leaders. More than 27,000 wind turbines are currently spinning across Germany. Given the government’s ambitious renewable energy targets, their numbers will continue to rise rapidly. It has now become technically and economically feasible to install wind turbines in forested areas. Our interdisciplinary analysis combines legal knowledge with spatial land use and wind power data to analyse the past development of wind farms in German forests and check whether the existing planning instruments successfully steer their spatial distribution. Our results reveal that, since 2011, a growing number of wind turbines are being installed in forests, even if they only account for 5.5% of the total number (8% of the total installed wind power capacity) and are almost exclusively limited to six of the 16 federal states. As there are no nationwide, uniform regulations governing wind turbines in forested areas, the federal states developed their own specific regulations. While some, especially those with high forest shares, generally permit wind farms in forests for reaching their renewable energy targets, others aim to keep their forests clear. So far, planning law and regional planning could successfully steer the hitherto comparatively slow expansion of wind energy in forest areas and ensure that windmills in forests are by no means “outlaws”.

Review of wind power tariff policies in China

In the past 20 years, China has paid significant attention to wind power. Onshore wind power in China has experienced tremendous growth since 2005, and offshore wind power development has been on-going since 2009. In 2010, with a total installed wind power capacity of 41.8GW, China surpassed the U.S. as the country with the biggest wind power capacity in the world. By comparing the wind power situations of three typical countries, Germany, Spain, and Denmark, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation and insights into the prospects of China’s wind power development. The analysis is carried out in four aspects including technology, wind resources, administration and time/space frame. We conclude that both German and Spanish have been growing rapidly in onshore capacity since policy improvements were made. In Denmark, large financial subsidies flow to foreign markets with power exports, creating inverse cost-benefit ratios. Incentives are in place for German and Danish offshore wind power, while China will have to remove institutional barriers to enable a leap in wind power development. In China, cross-subsidies are provided from thermal power (coal-fired power generation) in order to limit thermal power while encouraging wind power. However, the mass installation of wind power capacity completely relies on power subsidies. Furthermore, our study illustrates that capacity growth should not be the only consideration for wind power development. It is more important to do a comprehensive evaluation of multi-sectorial efforts in order to achieve long-term development.

A Global Review of Wind Power Installations and their Development in Turkey

AbstractThe development of wind power installations globally and in Turkey is reviewed here. Firstly, the growth of global installed wind power capacity between 1996 and 2007 is reviewed, and the top countries in terms of total installed wind power capacity by region are identified. Then, wind power installation and its development in Europe are discussed. In addition, the current status and development of Turkey's wind power plants are investigated in detail.