Total Inflows Research Articles

TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION PROTECTION POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ON PRIVATE INVESTMENT GROWTH IN RWANDA 2015-2019

The study entitled “Test of significance of domestic production protection policy implementation on Private Investment growth in Rwanda 2015-2019” was conducted for testing if, there is a correlation between domestic production protection policy implementation and Private Investment growth in Rwanda and whether this correlation is statistically significant or not. The study used only secondary quantitative data. The information analyzed is for the range period from 2015 to 2019 (5 years). Data analysis was used linear regression analysis after the performance of MDS (Multidimensional scaling). Tested indicators are Rwanda's exports, imports, GDP (Gross Domestic Product), and FPC (Foreign Private Capital) inflows in Rwanda. The MDS analysis has shown that information used was not related and this gives an opportunity for the next step of the linear regression test where the findings show that one-unit change of X1 to X3 or exports, GDP, and Imports lead to 0.070; 0.039 and -0.141 change times of Total FPC Inflows; however, this correlation is not statistically significant. In the other case, if all factors remain null or zero, Total FPC inflows will be equal to 383.938 units. Meaning that domestic investments for both foreigners and domestic investors cannot be stopped however their increase or growth needs a correlation with multiple factors. While the test of correlation also was used via analysis of collinearity diagnostic where findings show that the fraction of the highest eigenvalue to the lowest eigenvalue (3.945/.001) is 3,945 as this is greater than 1,000 meaning that there is a correlation between tested variables. Thus, the conclusion stated that there is a correlation between domestic production protection policy implementation on Private Investment growth in Rwanda, but this correlation is not statistically significant. Thus, it suggested that policymakers in charge of growing private investment inside the country should not only rely on domestic production protection policy but take under consideration all possible factors (all these which are not part of this study) because however this policy is not in place, private investment should exist and grow.

ВПЛИВ ГЕРМЕТИЧНОСТІ ДЕГАЗАЦІЙНОГО ГАЗОПРОВОДУ НА ПРИПЛИВИ ПОВІТРЯ І КОНЦЕНТРАЦІЮ МЕТАНУ

concentrations in the vacuum degassing gas pipeline. Methods. Analytical dependencies for determining the absolute pressure, volume flow rate and temperature of the gas mixture in link of degassing gas pipeline and an empirical dependence for determining the volume flow rate of air in the inflows coming through the flange connections of the gas pipeline links were used in the studies. Results. With these assumptions in mind, the formula for determining the gap in the flange joint of the degassing gas pipeline links has been obtained. The results of calculating air inflows and methane concentrations along the length of the horizontal section of the degassing gas pipeline have been presented. Analysis of the results showed that air inflows through the flange joints of the degassing gas pipeline links increase in the direction of the gas mixture flow, while the methane concentration, on the contrary, decreases. In this case, the increase in air inflows is due to an increase in vacuum in the degassing gas pipeline, while the decrease in methane concentration is due to an increase in the volume flow of the gas mixture. Based on the analysis of the methane concentration character of change along the length of the horizontal section of the degassing gas pipeline, the distance from the beginning of the pipeline where the methane concentration value becomes below the permissible value and the probability of ignition of the gas mixture arises. It has been established that methane concentration varies insignificantly along the length of the gas pipeline at normative airflows. Scientific novelty. A formula is derived for determining the size of the gap between the flat rubber gasket and a shoulder of a flange connection of the degassing gas line links, at which the total air inflows in the gas line coincide with the standard value. Practical significance. The determination of the size flange joint clearance of the degassing gas pipeline links makes it possible to calculate the air inflows and assess the tightness of the gas pipeline flange joints on the basis of measurements of the gas mixture volume flow rate, methane concentration and the depression value.

Uticaj SDI na ekonomski rast u Republici Srbiji u doba krize prouzrokovane pandemijom COVID-19

There is no general conclusion in the literature that foreign direct investment (FDI) contributes to the growth of the host country. The relationship between FDI and economic growth and their complexity is the most debated topic among economists. A significant number of studies conducted in the last few decades show how FDI boosts a country's economic development: it usually has a positive effect on the host country, although in some cases it can create limited benefits or even negatively affect the host country. The Covid-19 pandemic, viewed as an exogenous economic shock, has globally shown a significant negative impact and threat to the economy and financial markets, causing economic decline and recession. There was a significant decrease in GDP and consumption, a drop in labor supply and production, and a decrease in total FDI inflows at the global level by 42% in 2020 compared to 2019. The paper analyzes the impact of FDI inflows on economic growth in the Republic of Serbia during the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. By monitoring the fl ow of FDI inflows, it was determined that during 2018 and 2019 there was an increase in the level of investments (over 20% of GDP), while in 2020 there was a decrease in them (GDP of 1%). To accelerate the growth of GDP per capita in Serbia, it is necessary to improve institutions, education, as well as increase the investment rate.

PREDIKSI DEBIT ALIRAN MASUK KE TELAGA MENJER MENGGUNAKAN PERSAMAAN NERACA AIR DAN PEMODELAN HEC-HMS

The Menjer lake is the main source for Hydroelectric Power Plant of the PLTA Garung. Information about the water balance and the potential of existing water resources in the Menjer Catchment Area (DTA) is needed to obtain an efficient operating pattern, the sustainability of the Garung hydropower plant, and good management of the Menjer Lake. The purpose of this study was to estimate the inflow of three main rivers in the Menjer catchment area using HEC-HMS hydrological and water balance approach. Simulated results of the HEC-HMS model shows that the average of total the inflows of three main rivers to the Menjer lake in 2017, 2018 and 2019 during rainy season are 0.954 m3/s, 0.944 m3/s, and 1.017 m3/s, and during dry season are 0.820 m3/s, 0.783 m3/s, and 0.80 m3/s, respectively. While the prediction results of the discharge with the equation of the water balance shows that the average of total river inflows to the Menjer lake during rainy season is 2017 is 1.628 m3/s, in 2018 it is 1.579 m3/s, and in 2019 it is 3.296 m3/s and during dry season is 1.893 m3/s in 2017, 1.176 m3/s tahun 2018, and 1.893 m3/s in 2019. These results indicate that the results of discharge modeling with HEC-HMS are smaller than those predicted by the water balance equation. The study concluded that HEC-HMS could be used to predict daily inflows. However, further calibration and validation need to be carried out by recommending installing a river flow monitoring station at each river outlet.Keywords: water balance HEC-HMS, inflow prediction

PANDEMIC AND RECENT TRENDS IN BALANCE OF PAYMENTS: THE CASE OF GEORGIA

Many countries suffer from Balance of Payments deficits. However, proper analysis is needed to determine how systemic, strategically balanced, and objective it is. The pandemic has proven to be an excellent diagnostician for assessing the robustness of current economic strategies in general and in relation to the Balance of Payments. It, like the litmus paper, highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of the economic strategies implemented by the countries. And that should be the main lesson the world has learned from the pandemic. Georgia, with persistent Balance of Payments deficit, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to global changes caused by pandemic processes. The current account deficit in 2020 was 12.5 percent of GDP, up from 5.5 percent in 2019. The development of a worse-case scenario for the growth of the deficit was significantly hampered by the increase in remittances inflows, which was less expected in the context of global lockdowns around the world. However, in reviewing developments over the last two decades, the paper finds that the still-high dependence of current account on remittances continues to maintain the volatility of Balance of Payments. Moreover, favorable conditions for the development of international tourism in the country have raised high expectations for this activity, although this sector is very sensitive to a number of external and global factors, as confirmed by the current pandemic. Thus, the article recommends considering international tourism as an additional source of foreign exchange inflows into the country, and not as one of the main and decisive ones. The deterioration of the Balance of Payments and the reduction of foreign exchange earnings create unfavorable prospects in terms of dealing with growing international financial liabilities. According to 2020 statistical data, the country's international financial liabilities were 2.3 times higher than GDP, of which debt liabilities - 129.9 percent of GDP, while the total foreign exchange inflows of the Balance of Payments, which are intended to serve these liabilities, in the same year amounted to only 55.4 percent of GDP. These data show that there are no alternatives to choosing the right strategy for achieving a reasonable relationship between trajectories of external liabilities and foreign exchange earnings, taking measures to improve the Balance of Payments. The purpose of this article is to clarify the nature of the country's Balance of Payments deficit; How realistic the prospect of mitigating the degree of vulnerability to global factors is in a small economy with limited resources; How we can turn a problem into an opportunity. On the other hand, it is unknown when the crisis, known as COVID-19, will stop finally, it is important to critically evaluate both the pros and cons of given economic policy "... in order to make the economic development agenda more rational, responsive, results- and long-term perspectives oriented” (Aslamazishvili, 2020).

Value-at-risk predictive performance: a comparison between the CaViaR and GARCH models for the MILA and ASEAN-5 stock markets

PurposeThis paper tests the accuracies of the models that predict the Value-at-Risk (VaR) for the Market Integrated Latin America (MILA) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) emerging stock markets during crisis periods.Design/methodology/approachMany VaR estimation models have been presented in the literature. In this paper, the VaR is estimated using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, EGARCH and GJR-GARCH models under normal, skewed-normal, Student-t and skewed-Student-t distributional assumptions and compared with the predictive performance of the Conditional Autoregressive Value-at-Risk (CaViaR) considering the four alternative specifications proposed by Engle and Manganelli (2004).FindingsThe results support the robustness of the CaViaR model in out-sample VaR forecasting for the MILA and ASEAN-5 emerging stock markets in crisis periods. This evidence is based on the results of the backtesting approach that analyzed the predictive performance of the models according to their accuracy.Originality/valueAn important issue in market risk is the inaccurate estimation of risk since different VaR models lead to different risk measures, which means that there is not yet an accepted method for all situations and markets. In particular, quantifying and forecasting the risk for the MILA and ASEAN-5 stock markets is crucial for evaluating global market risk since the MILA is the biggest stock exchange in Latin America and the ASEAN region accounted for 11% of the total global foreign direct investment inflows in 2014. Furthermore, according to the Asian Development Bank, this region is projected to average 7% annual growth by 2025.

Capital Inflows and Economic Growth in Selected COMESA Member Countries

Abstract This study examines the impact of capital inflows (FDI, ODA and Remittances) on economic growth in COMESA member countries. Applying System GMM estimation, the study finds a positive and significant relationship between capital inflows (except remittances) and GDP per capita growth, supporting the positive role capital inflows play in bridging the savings and investment gap, by providing finance for investment. However, remittances do not significantly influence GDP per capital growth. Remittances contribute positively to GDP per capita growth only when interacted with a variable for domestic financial depth. Examining whether capital inflows adversely affect economic growth, the study finds that except for the remittances whose effect is not significant, capital inflows (FDI, ODA and total inflows) leads to an appreciation of the REER, that may be detrimental to growth. The parameter for remittances does not significantly effect REER, implying that remittances are in most cases used to smoothen households’ consumptions during macroeconomic shocks and hence are counter-cyclical in nature. The study recommends, among others, financial sector reforms that will ensure increased depth of the domestic financial sector, capable of harnessing and providing efficient vehicles that can direct remittances for investment. JEL classification numbers: F15, F21, F24, F35, F43, F45. Keywords: Capital inflows, Economic Growth, COMESA.

Impact of Natural Disasters on Foreign Direct Investment in South and South-East Asian Countries

Abstract: This paper examines the empirical relationship between natural disasters and FDI in 14 South and South-East Asian countries, 7 from South Asia, are Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and the rest 7 from South East Asian countries, these are Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam taking panel data from 2000-2011. The two key variables are used in the analysis, foreign direct investment is the dependent variable; the total net inflows of FDI as a percentage of GDP is taken. The second key variable indicates natural disasters, the independent variable. Fixed effects model and Heteroskedasticity-Autocorrelation-Consistent (HAC) standard error are employed to estimate lagged and immediate impact of natural disaster on FDI. The empirical results show that natural disasters have a negative and statistically significant impact on FDI with two years of lag. The results indicate that post disasters management matters for attracting FDI inflow. Post disasters recovery systems and relevant policies should be able to improve the confidence of foreign investors and attractiveness of affected areas by establishing reliable and strong infrastructures and institutions. This would guide the policymakers for better fiscal decisions, mainstreaming the economic impacts of natural disasters in long-term economic planning for attracting FDI inflows and preparedness aftermath of natural disasters. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment; Natural disasters; Panel data; Fixed effects model; HAC standard error

A STUDY ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SERVICE SECTOR IN INDIA

FDI offers a bundle of benefits such as financial and non-financial. FDI is one such source of long term international capital. Service sector is a largest sector of India economy. Since 1991, FDI inflows in India is on an increasing trend. The FDI Inflows in service sector increased from Rs.14803.91 crores during 1991-2000 to Rs.63909.44 crores in 2018-19. It showed positive response. The easiest and cheapest way to increase the capital is foreign direct investment. There is also increase in foreign currency resources. This paper discusses about the trends of FDI equity inflows in service sector in India, to study and analyze the trend of FDI equity inflows in sub-sector of service sector in India and to examine and analysis the relationship between total FDI equity inflows and FDI equity inflows in service sector in India during 2009-10 to 2018-19.

FDI and economic growth in the GCC: does the oil sector matter?

This paper investigates the impact of sectoral foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth by validating the resource curse hypothesis in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Applying OLS (Fixed and Random effects), Instrumental Variables (IV) and Limited Information Maximum Likelihood (LIML) estimations, empirical results indicate that resource-FDI inflows hinder economic growth in the GCC economies, while non-resource FDI has an insignificant effect on growth. Moreover, the total Greenfield FDI inflows deter economic growth in GCC economies. These results give evidence on the crowding-out effect of resource-FDI. This paper opens new insights for policymakers in designing a comprehensive policy on direct FDI inflows (resource and non-resource) for attaining sustainable economic development for the long run.

A Study on FDI in Indian Scenario during the COVID-19

An attempt has been made in this paper so as to analyze the FDI (Foreign Direct Investments) inflows in India during the Covid 19 period. The period of study has been taken from January, 2020 to September 2020. The FDI Inflows has been analyzed as follows: Total FDI Inflows in India during the Covid 19 pandemic period. FDI Inflows: Sector wise Analysis during the Covid 19 pandemic period. FDI Inflows: Country wise Analysis during the Covid 19 pandemic period. FDI Inflows: State wise Analysis during the Covid 19 pandemic period. On basis of the findings of the study conclusions has been framed.

ОЦЕНКА КРИТЕРИЕВ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЬСТВ ЯПОНСКИХ КОМПАНИЙ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ИХ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ

Being one of the most important tools of the national economy, foreign direct investment provides means for production expansion, creating employment opportunities and jobs, accelerating structural changes, improving the country’s financial standing in foreign relations, increasing its foreign exchange reserves, reducing budget holdbacks, and improving its credit rating. In Russia, foreign investments are primarily made through capital contributions by registered foreign residents. According to official reports, in the total annual capital inflows into the Russian Federation, 10 to 12% are attributable to foreign direct investment, 1 to 2% - to indirect investment, and up to 80% - to other investments. The current state of the world economy is characterized by many challenges: from increased competition and a new round of trade wars between major economic powers to a shift in emphasis in approaches to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities from exclusively financial to mainly non-financial, including environmental and social aspects. The corresponding economic conditions, coupled with significant political and economic pressure from a number of countries, sharply raise the issue of developing new approaches to determining the effectiveness of their own activities. Determining the effectiveness of business entities is necessary in order to ensure timely and adequate assessment of their business model from the perspective of key stakeholders and to develop an effective strategy for long-term sustainable functioning in the new business environment. This issue is particularly relevant for those economic entities that implement their activities, including through foreign representative offices. Determining the effectiveness of business entities ' representative offices abroad and evaluating their strategic performance, in addition to differences in approaches to accounting and public reporting, is also complicated by the specifics of the legal status of representative offices of economic entities, as well as the processes of legal regulation of their activities in different countries.

AYRIŞTIRILMIŞ SERMAYE AKIMLARI VE VARLIK FİYATLARI: TÜRKİYE’DEN BULGULAR

This paper considers the behavior of capital inflows (sum of debt-and equity-based inflows) in the push-pull framework and their effects on asset prices. First, we investigate the responses of disaggregated capital inflows to global push factor and country specific pull factor by estimating a VAR model for Turkey over the period between 2009:M1 and 2020:M4. Second, by using the same estimation technique, we test whether different forms of capital inflows have different impact on asset prices. We find that the total capital and debt inflows present similar responses to shocks to push and pull factors. An increase in both factors is followed by a decrease in capital inflows. Moreover, there is an immediate increase in asset prices when there is a shock to capital inflows. However, these significant responses become negative in the following period when there is a shock to capital inflows except for the equity inflows.

Aid for trade and export sophistication in recipient countries

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of Aid for Trade (AfT) on the sophistication level of recipient countries’ export baskets. The results indicate that total AfT inflows do not benefit the export sophistication. AfT for trade policy and regulations seems to be the only type of AfT that are found to be effective in low-income countries with a real GDP per capita of less than USD 3047.72 and the poorer the recipient country the greater the positive impact on export sophistication. In contrast, the effect of AfT for economic infrastructure seems to be increasing in per capita income. The positive and negative significant effects of AfT for economic infrastructure are observed for countries with real GDP per capita above USD 29,542.64 and below USD 2558.02, respectively. Otherwise, there are no significant impacts of these two categories on export sophistication. AfT dedicated to building productive capacity exerts a negative impact on the export sophistication at the sectoral level.

Modelling the hydrological interactions between a fissured granite aquifer and a valley mire in the Massif Central, France

Abstract. We developed a high-resolution MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 model of a 231.3 ha headwater catchment in the granitic uplands of the French Massif Central to estimate the contribution of groundwater upwelling to the water balance of the Dauges mire, an acidic valley mire of international importance for nature conservation. We estimated that groundwater upwelling from the underlying weathered granite formations – mostly an approximately 55 m deep fissured zone – provides 27.1 % of total long-term inflows to the mire. This contribution increases to 37.2 % in September when total inflows are small. Overland boundary inflow accounts for an average of 40.2 % of total inflows. However, most of this originates from groundwater seepage through mineral soils along the mire margins or in small non-channelised valleys upslope of the mire. A sensitivity analysis showed that model performance in terms of the simulation of mire groundwater levels was most sensitive to parameters describing the mineral soils and weathered granite formations rather than the overlying peat layer. Variation partitioning demonstrated that groundwater upwelling was the most important factor driving simulated monthly groundwater table depth within the mire. Sustained groundwater upwelling maintains the mire water table close to or at ground level for most of the year. As a result, precipitation and overland boundary inflows quickly leave the wetland as saturation-excess runoff. There was close agreement between the observed distribution of mire habitats and areas where the simulated long-term groundwater seepage rate was larger than zero in September. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to the assumed small contribution of groundwater to the hydrology of hard-rock regions, groundwater upwelling from underlying weathered formations can be a quantitatively important and functionally critical element of the water balance of valley mires in granitic headwater catchments. These results have important legal and management implications.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ ИНДИИ СО СТРАНАМИ ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОЙ АЗИИ – ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫЙ АСПЕКТ

The article argues that the investment aspect of India's economic relations with the countries of Southeast Asia is clearly inferior to the trade, but in recent years there has been a noticeable revival of the exchange of direct investments. First, this applies to the Southeast Asian countries, which are playing an increasingly significant role as investors in the Indian economy – the inflow of direct investment from Southeast Asian countries to India increased from 0.14 billion USD in 2000 to 15.15 billion USD in 2019 (they account for almost a third of total FDI inflows to India). The author cites the main competitive advantages of India that attract investors from Southeast Asian countries, and the relatively small and stable volume of Indian investments in Southeast Asian countries (no more than 2 billion USD per year) explains the relatively low competitiveness of Indian companies as investors in the markets of these countries.

A Gravity Model Analysis of IFDI - Exports Nexus: A Case Study of Indian Exports

The impact of Inward Foreign Direct Investment’s influence on a country’s exports to the FDI source is a subject matter of significance. This paper applies an augmented gravity model of international trade with Foreign Direct Investment integrated into it to empirically estimate the factors that influence India’s exports to its top ten FDI source countries. The top ten investor countries account for about 87 percent of the total FDI inflows into India and 40 percent of Indian exports in 2018. This paper attempts to examine whether the Inward Foreign Direct Investment flows from these nations influence the exports to these nations from India. To this end, IFDI stocks that the top ten investing countries hold in India and the exchange rate between Indian Rupee and their currencies are embedded into the augmented gravity model for international trade. Findings indicate that IFDI stocks have a highly significant and positive role to play in India’s exports to the ten FDI source countries. Besides, the economic size of the investor nation, geographical distance, and geographical distance are significant determinants of the export volume as expected. However, the limited period of data used in the panel data regression may have affected the results. The findings may change if this element is altered. Further study, with a longer period, should be conducted to test the IFDI - Exports Nexus confirmed in this paper. In general, the government of India should continue improving the investment policies as well as undertake further export-oriented reforms in the economy to push India’s exports.

Regional Growth, Domestic and Foreign Tourism in NUTS Regions: New Insights from the Old Continent

Using regional data encompassing 155 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions across the EU-28 member states, we estimate the effect of tourist arrivals (total, domestic, and foreign) on regional growth over 2000-2018. Our empirical strategy tackles three data properties that cripple common econometric approaches: cross-section dependence, nonstationarity, and the endogeneity of the regressors. In addition to “pooled” models that assume common parameters across regions, we run “heterogeneous” models where parameters are allowed to differ between regions. Results of the pooled estimations show that domestic and total tourism inflows have positively and significantly contributed to growth, and the positive effect of foreign tourism is statistically discernible in regions that are mainly destinations for foreign tourists. Findings based on region-specific regressions reveal that the average impact on regional growth of tourist inflows is positive and significant, and large regional disparities in terms of the growth impact of domestic/foreign tourism exist.

Sectoral allocation of foreign capital inflows and skilled‐unskilled wage inequality in a developing economy: A theoretical model

AbstractWe consider a small open developing economy using a 2 × 3 general equilibrium model with voluntary unemployment of skilled labor and involuntary unemployment of unskilled labor. It is assumed that there exists surplus unskilled labor in the developing economy and supply of skilled labor is a function of skilled wages. One sector is receiving foreign capital at the expense of another sector. We examined the impact of increasing total foreign capital inflows and sectoral allocation of foreign capital inflows on skilled‐unskilled wage inequality. Our findings suggest that wage inequality as well as employment of unskilled labor increases with increase in total foreign capital inflows, whereas wage inequality decreases with increase in foreign capital inflow into the low‐skilled sector with no change in total foreign capital inflows. Besides, it also indicates that the impact of increasing total foreign capital inflows along with changes in sectoral allocation of foreign capital inflows depends on a cutoff value which is a function of initial sectoral allocation of foreign capital into the two sectors. These results could be important for policymaking in the developing countries like India. Numerical examples have also been constructed to capture the extent of changes in wage inequality.

Sr and U isotopes reveal the influence of lithologic structure on groundwater contributions along a mountain headwater catchment (Hyalite Canyon, MT)

Changing precipitation patterns are projected to reduce snowpack storage and late summer stream flows in mountain headwaters of the western United States. Ecosystems, agriculture, and municipalities depend on late summer flow in streams supplying water to the mountain front. Therefore, improved understanding of groundwater storage contributions to mountain streams is increasingly important. In this work, we use 87Sr/86Sr ratios and 234U/238U activity ratios ([234U/238U]) as indicators of water-rock interaction contributing to runoff, groundwater, and surface-subsurface hydrologic exchanges along Hyalite Creek, a mountain headwater tributary within the upper Missouri River basin. Main stem and tributary flow was sampled longitudinally from 2016 to 2018, focusing on presumed baseflow conditions in February and August. Changing stream chemistry of the main stem is associated with groundwater inflows from local springs discharging from Madison Group limestones, and inputs of water from the Archean gneiss exposed along the mountain front. We use mixing models to estimate that locally in the stream reach traversing a spring outlet, distinct inflows from the Madison aquifer contribute ~4% of streamflow during baseflow conditions. Contributions to streamflow by local inflows from Archean gneiss varied seasonally, with increases in 87Sr/86Sr values in Hyalite Creek that suggest contributions of ~2% in August to ~8% in February; at the same time, decreasing [234U/238U] values indicate an otherwise undetected additional endmember, and 222Rn assays show that total inflows are likely more extensive. Our results reveal distinct groundwater contributions to streamflow from specific rock units within this mountain headwater system, and elucidate pathways of mountain stream flow generation in lithologically diverse watersheds.