Total HDL-C Research Articles

Associations of Amino Acids with the Risk of Prediabetes: A Case-Control Study from Kazakhstan.

The high global prevalence of prediabetes requires its early identification. Amino acids (AAs) have emerged as potential predictors of prediabetes. This study investigates the association between amino acids and prediabetes in the Kazakh population. In this case-control study, serum AAs levels were measured using the Trace GC 1310 gas chromatography system coupled with the TSQ 8000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, Austin, TX, USA) followed by silylation with the BSTFA + 1% TMCS derivatization method. Biochemical parameters, including total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and Creatinine, were assessed for each participant. Trained professionals conducted anthropometric and physical examinations (which included taking blood pressure and heart rate measurements) and family history collection. A total of 112 Kazakh individuals with prediabetes and 55 without prediabetes, aged 36-65 years, were included in the study. Only Alanine and valine showed a significant association with prediabetes risk among the 13 AAs analyzed. Our findings revealed an inverse relationship between Alanine and Valine and prediabetes in individuals of Kazakh ethnicity. A lower serum level of Alanine and Valine may serve as a predictive biomarker for prediabetes in the Kazakh population.

Prevalence, Characteristics and Risk Factors Analysis of Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Prediabetes, a reversible condition before the onset of diabetes, is a significant concern in healthcare globally. The global prediabetes epidemic has emerged and has considerably impacted health expenditures. Various risk factors play important roles in the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. Intensive lifestyle and pharmacological interventions can significantly reduce the risk of diabetes progression. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of prediabetes state of Medan in August 2023. Methods The sample consisted of 89 participants. This was an analytical cross-sectional study in the community that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The determination of prediabetes is based on the results of blood tests, namely, the examination of fasting blood sugar levels (FBGL), 2-hour postprandial oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C). Other examinations included lipid profiling (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides). Data processing was performed using SPSS via univariate and bivariate analyses (chi-square test). Results Of the 89 participants, the prevalence of prediabetes based on HbA1c, FBGL and 2-hours OGTT levels was 28.1%, 50.6%, and 28.1%, respectively. 82% of the participants were female, and 53.9% were overweight or obese based on body mass index (BMI). The risk factors for prediabetes were age >64 years, female, physical inactivity, and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg (p<0.05). Other risk factors such age <45-64 years, consumption of vegetables/fruits, BMI, HDL, LDL, trygliceride, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, achantosis nigricans, and waist-hip circumference did not associate significantly (p>0.05). Conclusion This study found that the prevalence of prediabetes was 67.4% in Medan. Age >64 years, female, physical inactivity, and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg were the most important risk factors for prediabetes.

7978 Metabolic Outcomes in Transgender Youth Receiving Affirming Hormonal Therapy

Abstract Disclosure: M. Salama: None. R. Basmaci: None. T. Rajjo: None. O. Chuzhyk: None. A.N. Lteif: None. A. Al Nofal: None. Objective: Heightened societal acceptance of transgender youth and increased awareness of their unmet medical needs have led to a rise in referrals for hormonal therapy. There is limited literature available on the metabolic outcomes of hormone therapy on transgender youth. We investigated how the different metabolic markers of cardiovascular disease change after the initiation of gender-affirming hormonal therapy in transgender adolescents. Methods: A Retrospective, observational cohort study based on chart review of all children with gender dysphoria (under 18 years of age) who were evaluated in the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic in a tertiary care center between January 2015 and December 2022. Children's demographic information, baseline weight, height, BMI, hematocrit, lipid profile, ALT, prolactin, and HbA1C levels were obtained before and after the initiation of gender-affirming hormonal therapy. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed for paired analysis, while the chi-square test was used as appropriate. Results: We identified 106 transgender youth who were included in the analysis, with a median age at the start of hormonal therapy of 16 years (IQR: 15-17); comprising 68 trans-males (64%) and 38 trans-females (36%). The median treatment duration was 34 months (IQR: 18-54). Among trans-males, ALT levels increased post-treatment (mean difference 6.851 U/L, p < 0.001), as did BMI Z scores (mean difference 0.257, p < 0.001) and LDL-C (mean difference 12.734 mg/dl, p = 0.002), triglycerides (mean difference 10.18 mg/dl, p = 0.009), non-HDL-C (mean difference 12.8 mg/dl, p = 0.002), and total cholesterol (mean difference 10.18 mg/dl, p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed in HbA1C and HDL-C post-treatment. Among transfemales, BMI Z-scores were higher post-treatment (mean difference 0.27, p = 0.007), with increased total cholesterol (mean difference 19.88 mg/dl, p = 0.008), LDL-C (mean difference 12.6 mg/dl, p = 0.02), and HDL-C (mean difference 11.38 mg/dl, p < 0.001). Other variables did not significantly differ pre-and post-treatment. Ten transfemales with measured prolactin levels pre- and post-treatment showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: This pilot study revealed increased BMI Z scores following the commencement of hormone therapy in both trans-male and trans-female youths. Moreover, masculinizing treatment led to increased ALT levels. Furthermore, the cardiometabolic profile exhibited diverse alterations, particularly higher LDL-C levels in both cohorts. These findings underscore the necessity for close monitoring of these parameters during the treatment of transgender youth. Larger prospective randomized controlled trials are essential to comprehensively assess the impact of gender-affirming therapy on transgender youth. Presentation: 6/2/2024

B-063 Changes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and M2BPGi due to lifestyle intervention in primary healthcare

Abstract Background A healthy lifestyle is the most important method for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mac-2-binding protein glycosylated isomer (M2BPGi) has been suggested as a biomarker for NAFLD. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of personalized lifestyle interventions on NAFLD remission. Methods This single-arm intervention study recruited participants with NAFLD who underwent health checkups at seven health-promotion centers in five South Korean cities. Fatty liver diagnosis was based on ultrasonography (US). The 109 individuals were recruited for personalized lifestyle interventions of hypocaloric diets and exercise. The participants attended the lifestyle intervention programs once per month for the first 3 months, and once every 3 months for the subsequent 6 months. And phone-based self-monitoring were also provided monthly during the 3-month follow-up period. The primary outcome was NAFLD remission at month 12 as measured on US and magnetic resonance elastography. The secondary outcomes were the changes in metabolic factors and M2BPGi. Results The 108 individuals (62 males and 46 females; age 51.1±12.4 years, mean±standard deviation) were finally analyzed after the 12month intervention. Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, blood lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-C), and fasting blood sugar levels were improved relative to baseline (all P<0.05). Fatty liver at or above the moderate grade according to US was decreased at month 12 relative to baseline (67.6% vs 50.9%) (P=0.002). M2BPGi levels decreased during the 12-month study period (P<0.001). M2BPGi levels were moderately correlated with hepatic fat fraction by magnetic resonance imaging (r=0.33, P=0.05). WC (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.67-1.00, P=0.05) and HDL-C (OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.03-1.32, P=0.014) were associated with remission of fatty liver in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions The personalized lifestyle intervention was effective in improving fatty liver and metabolic factors, but not hepatic stiffness, in NAFLD.

A-224 Non HDL Cholesterol: could be e new cardiovascular disease risk stratification factor?

Abstract Background A worldwide study demonstrated that among all modifiable risk factors of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) to the abnormal cholesterol levels is attributable the highest risk of events. LDL-C is considered the most important lipoprotein risk factor. Some recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that non-HDL cholesterol (N-HDL-C) may be superior to LDL-C for identifying CVD risk. N-HDL-C is easily calculated from a lipid profile and represents all apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins. Recent guidelines recommend LDL-C as a primary indicator and non-HDL-C as secondary. Moreover, cholesterol ratios are useful to stratification; the TC/HDL-C is associated with morbidity and mortality in the general population; in addition, several studies have stated that high triglycerides (TG) levels and low HDL-C are associated with increased risk and could function as atherogenic index. Methods 11399 samples were analyzed on Atellica Solution for the determination of Total Cholesterol (TC), D-LDL-C, HDL-C and TG. In the absence of clinical parameters, based on the desirable levels recommended by the guidelines, CVD risk was evaluated by assigning a cut-off of 100 and 130 mg/dL for D-LDL-C and N-HDL-C respectively Results Patients cohort mean (±SD) for CT, D-LDL, HDL, TG and N-HDL-C are 180 mg/dL (±43.2), 113 mg/dL (± 38.5), 51.7 mg/dL (±15.6), 116 mg/dL (±73.8), 128 mg/dL (±39.5) respectively. Of the examined patients, the 57.7% were outpatients, 21.8% of infectious diseases and 12.6% of the cardiovascular department. Data about D-LDL-C and N-HDL-C comparison, evaluated on discordant patients, are shown in table 1. Conclusions The data obtained from evaluation would seem to confirm hypothesis according to which non-HDL cholesterol would have a greater power in the identification of CVD risk because of cholesterol ratios are suggestive of increased risk for patients with an LDL-C<100 and N-LDL-C>130 mg/dL. Further studies assessing CVD risk, not only through laboratory data, are necessary to confirm this supposition.

A-223 Direct LDL or not Direct-LDL, that is the question

Abstract Background Management of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk is dependent on Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels; therefore LDL-C serves as the marker for the assessment of CVD risk and the focus of lipid lowering treatment. The gold standard reference method for measurement of LDL-C is beta-quantification. We compared calculated LDL-C with Friedewald (F-LDL-C), Martin-Hopkins (M-LDL-C) and Sampson (S-LDL-C) equations versus LDL-C directly measured (D-LDL-C). In CVD management also cholesterol ratios are evaluated. TC/HDL is associated with morbidity and mortality in the general population. Furthermore, several studies have stated that high triglycerides (TG) levels and low HDL-C (TG/HDL ratio) could function as an atherogenic index. Methods 11399 samples were analyzed on Siemens Atellica Solution® for the lipid profile determination measuring Total Cholesterol (TC), D-LDL-C, HDL-C and TG. In the absence of additional clinical parameters, based on desirable levels for LDL-C recommended by guidelines, CVD risk was evaluated by assigning to LDL-C a cut-off of 100 mg/dL. In presence of misclassifications, we used two other parameters to assess LDL-C results: TG/HDL-C ratio and CT/HDL-C. Results Patients cohort had a mean age of 57.7 (±16.8) years of which 53% (age=58.6, ±15.9) were males and 47% (age=56.5, ±17.8 years) were females. Of these, the 57.7% were outpatients and 42.3% inpatients (42.1% of infectious diseases - 24.4% of the cardiovascular department). Data about LDL-C misclassification and ratio data parameters are shown in table 1. Discordant patients for D-LDL-C vs F-LDL-C are 8.5%, that of D-LDL-C vs M-LDL-C are 7.7% and D-LDL-C vs S-LDL-C are 7.2%. Conclusions Is known that LDL plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Accurate estimation of LDL-C is a fundamental point for the stratification of CVD risk and the achievement of the therapeutic goal; however, we are still uncertain about the best and accurate way to measure it.

Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective study

BackgroundDyslipidemia is prominently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) is a novel comprehensive lipid index. However, limited evidence exists on the relationship of the NHHR with the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with CAD. This study aimed to explore the associations between the NHHR and adverse outcomes and identify the optimal NHHR ranges linked to the lowest adverse outcome risk in patients with CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsAmong 2253 patients with CAD undergoing PCI, 2251 with available total cholesterol and HDL-C levels were analyzed. Furthermore, all patients were classified into quintiles based on the NHHR. The primary outcome was the incidence of MACCEs, comprising cardiac mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the NHHR and MACCEs. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was performed to quantify nonlinearity. Lastly, the consistency between these associations was confirmed by conducting subgroup and interaction analyses.ResultsA total of 270 patients experienced MACCEs over a median follow-up of 29.8 months (interquartile range, 25.6–34 months). After adjustment for confounding variables, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of the patients in quintiles 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 0.79 (0.52–1.20), 0.64 (0.42–0.99), 1.00 (0.67–1.48), and 1.17 (0.74–1.64), respectively (reference group: quintile 1). Additionally, RCS analysis demonstrated a U-shaped relationship between the NHHR and MACCEs, with an inflection point at an NHHR of 3.119 using a two-piecewise regression model. This relationship was consistent across the various subgroups, while significant interactions were not observed in these associations.The ORs and 95% CIs to the left and right of the inflection point were 0.734 (0.551–0.978) and 1.231 (1.038–1.460), respectively.ConclusionsThis study reveals a U-shaped association between baseline NHHR and MACCE incidence in patients with CAD undergoing PCI.

Effects of switching to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine from Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate/Emtricitabine/Dolutegravir or Abacavir/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir on body weight and lipid profile in Japanese people living with HIV

BackgroundThe two-drug regimen of dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is currently an optional antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite its reported advantages on body weight and lipid profile, the same effects have not yet been reported for Asian population. MethodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective study involving Japanese people living with HIV (PLWH). They were divided into four groups: those who had received abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (ABC/3TC/DTG) and continued the same (ABC-ON group) or switched to DTG/3TC (ABC-OFF group), those who had received tenofovir alafenamide fumarate/emtricitabine/dolutegravir (TAF/FTC/DTG) and continued the same (TAF-ON group) or switched to DTG/3TC (TAF-OFF group). We compared changes in viral load, CD4⁺ cell count, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, body weight, BMI, lipid profiles, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB4-index) between the pre-switch and post-switch period. ResultsOf the 541 PLWH on DTG-based ART, 165, 94, 264 and 18 constituted the ABC-ON, ABC-OFF, TAF-ON, and TAF-OFF groups, respectively. Neither viral rebound nor CD4+decline was observed in the post-switch period in all groups. Multivariate analysis showed significant reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C in the ABC-OFF group (-6.280, -6.957 and -2.268, p= 0.040, 0.012 and 0.022, respectively), but not in the TAF-OFF group (-3.000, 6.708 and 0.046, p= 0.607, 0.276 and 0.983, respectively). No significant changes were observed in body weight, eGFR, or FIB4-index at 72 weeks after the discontinuation of ABC or TAF. ConclusionsSwitching from ABC/3TC/DTG to DTG/3TC lowered lipids significantly, but not with TAF/FTC/DTG. Neither switch affected body weight or other markers.

Lipid Trajectories Improve Risk Models for Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

To assess the relationship between lipids and cognitive dysfunction, we retrospectively analyzed blood-lipid levels in clinically well-characterized individuals with stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) over the decade prior to first cognitive symptoms. In this case/control cohort study, AD and MCI cases were diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria; MCI cases had not progressed to dementia for ≥5 years; and controls were propensity matched to cases at age of symptom onset (MCI: 116 cases, 435 controls; AD: 215 cases, 483 controls). Participants were grouped based on longitudinal trajectories and quintile of variability independent of the mean (VIM) for total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and ln(triglycerides). Models for the risk of cognitive dysfunction evaluated trajectory and VIM groups, APOE genotype, polygenic risk scores (PRS) for AD and lipid levels, age, comorbidities, and longitudinal correlates of blood-lipid concentrations. Lower HDL-C trajectories (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.3-11.3) and the lowest VIM quintile of non-HDL-C (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.3-3.0) were associated with higher MCI risk. Lower HDL-C trajectories (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.6-5.7) and the lowest VIM quintile of total cholesterol (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.5-3.9) were associated with higher AD risk. The inclusion of lipid-trajectory and VIM groups improved risk-model predictive performance independent of APOE genotype or PRS for AD and lipid levels. These results provide an important real-world perspective on the influence of lipid metabolism and blood-lipid levels on the development of stable MCI and AD.

Hesperidin & Apigenin Attenuates Diabetes & Lipid Levels in Experimentally Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Rats.

The aim of the present investigation is to study the antidiabetic potential of Hesperidin and Apigenin in Diabetic rats. Wistar Albino rats of either sex (150 to 200 g) were purchased from the CPCSEA approved vendor New Delhi. A total of three animals were used, which received a single oral dose in 500 mg/kg, body weight of different flavonoids. Doses equivalent to 25 mg and 50 mg per kilogram body weight were calculated, and suspended in 1% w/v Tween 80 solutions for the experiment. For OGTT, Different doses of both flavonoids i.e. Hesperidin & Apigenin were administered 60 min prior to oral glucose load (2.0 g/kg). Diabetes was induced in overnight fasted rats by Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), 15 min. after the i.p. administration of Nicotinamide (120mg/kg). Streptozotocin was dissolved in citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5) & nicotinamide was dissolved in normal saline. During the study period of 21 days, animals was weighed at 0, 7, 14 and 21 day and effect of vehicle, standard drug and all solvent fractions on body weight was determined. Blood samples was collected by cardiac puncture and retroorbital plexus method into EDTA sprinkled tubes and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 min. Serum was separated as supernatant and stored at -20°C until analysis performed. The biochemical parameters, namely hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL determined. The other biochemical tests were performed using kits from Erba Diagnostics. Hesperidin and Apigenin significantly prevented the increase in blood glucose levels after 60 min. of glucose administration at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. After 21 days blood samples were collected by retro-orbital plexus under mild anesthesia. Diabetic control group with no drug treatment showed no significant difference in the fasting serum glucose level after 21 days treatment as compared to the initial day treatment. Hesperidin & Apigenin (25 mg/kg & 50 mg/kg) treated diabetic rat showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in body weight. The diabetic rat treated with glibenclaimide (10mg/kg) showed gradual and consistent increase in body weight. Treated diabetic rat with Hesperidin & Apigenin showed significant fall in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C level at dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg. The Hesperidin and Apigenin had the antidiabetic activity with effects on lipids and other kidney markers..

Effect of Nuts Combined with Energy Restriction on the Obesity Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is difficult to control worldwide. Although nuts are recognized health foods, the application of food in obesity management is unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate if nut consumption favors people on energy restriction (ER) dietary interventions. Four databases were used to search for eligible articles in May 2024. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guide, and the bias risk of papers was evaluated. For the meta-analysis, we extracted the endpoint values of the group's variables and estimated the effect sizes by the random-effects model. Sixteen and ten articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Almonds were evaluated in the majority of studies (n = 6). The consumption of nuts (28 to 84 g/d, 4 to 72 months) included in ER (-250 to 1000 kcal/d) did not differently affect anthropometry (weight loss, BMI, waist and hip circumferences), body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, or lean mass), markers of glucose (glycemia and insulinemia), lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, or triglycerides), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In most analyses, stratifying studies by type of nut or intervention time did not present different results in the meta-analysis. As there are few studies, in addition to great methodological variability, more high-quality trials are needed to confirm these results. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42023444878.

Examining Dyslipidemia Disparities Between Smokers and Non-Smokers: A Comparative Study

Background: Dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, and low HDL-C, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Smoking exacerbates these lipid abnormalities, increasing cardiovascular risk, yet the disparities in lipid profiles between smokers and non-smokers are not well defined.Objective: To compare the lipid profiles of smokers and non-smokers and evaluate the extent of dyslipidemia associated with smoking.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 participants (250 smokers, 250 non-smokers) from an urban hospital. Fasting serum samples were collected and analyzed for total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides. Smoking status was self-reported and validated by cotinine levels. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and multiple regression to assess lipid differences between groups, adjusting for confounders.Results: Smokers had significantly higher total cholesterol (213.4 ± 42.1 mg/dL vs. 197.2 ± 38.7 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and LDL-C (142.7 ± 35.4 mg/dL vs. 126.3 ± 31.6 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and lower HDL-C (44.3 ± 11.2 mg/dL vs. 53.7 ± 12.9 mg/dL, p < 0.001) compared to non-smokers.Conclusion: Smoking significantly worsens dyslipidemia, highlighting the need for targeted smoking cessation interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk

Elevated remnant cholesterol as a potential predictor for cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains inadequately defined. Consequently, this study aims to evaluate the predictive value of remnant cholesterol (RC) for assessing CVD risk in RA patients. Plasma RC levels were measured in 114 RA patients and 41 healthy controls, calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL-C and LDL-C. These levels were further analyzed using 1H-NMR lipid/metabolomics. Meanwhile, the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) assessed RA activity. RC levels were significantly elevated in RA patients (19.0 mg/dl, p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls (14.5 mg/dl). Furthermore, RC levels were significantly elevated at 37.4 mg/dl in patients who experienced cardiovascular event (CVE) compared to 17.4 mg/dl in those without CVE (p < 0.001). To enhance the precision and reliability of RC measurements, RC concentrations were further validated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between RC levels and DAS28. Multivariate analysis identified RC as a significant predictor of CVE (odds ratio = 1.82, p = 0.013). ROC curve analysis revealed superior predictive capability of RC for CVE (AUC = 0.919, p < 0.001) compared to LDL-C (AUC = 0.669, p = 0.018), with a high sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 82.1%. Elevated RC levels demonstrate greater accuracy in predicting CVE occurrence in RA patients compared to traditional measures such as LDL-C. These findings suggest that elevated RC levels may serve as a novel predictor for occurrence of CVE in RA patients, facilitating early intervention strategies based on the risk stratification.

Abstract MP28: Advanced Lipid Status Parameters in Women With Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder associated with pregnancy, usually occurring after the 20th week of gestation, followed by proteinuria or signs of end-organ dysfunction. Early-onset preeclampsia is associated with placental dysfunction, while late-onset preeclampsia is recognized as a maternal disorder, influenced by risk factors like maternal obesity, diabetes mellitus, or chronic hypertension. During physiological pregnancy, lipid metabolism changes to adequately supply the fetoplacental unit with nutrients and energy, consequently changing the composition of LDL and HDL particles. However, in preeclampsia, these changes become atherogenic. The study aimed to examine changes in advanced lipid status parameter concentrations and the dominant diameter of LDL and HDL particles during pregnancies affected by PE. In this study, 92 pregnant women at high risk for complication development were followed longitudinally throughout the first (T1), second (T2), and third (T3) trimesters. They were classified into high-risk (HR) (72 women) and PE (20 women) groups based on pregnancy outcomes. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, triglycerides (TG), apoAI, and apoB concentrations were measured using commercial kits, while LDL-C concentrations and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated using established equations. Dominant LDL and HDL particle sizes were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. TG levels were significantly higher in the PE group compared to the HR group across all trimesters (p&lt;0.05; p&lt;0.05; p&lt;0.01), while AIP was significantly elevated in T2 (p&lt;0.01) and T3 (p&lt;0.01). HDL-C levels were lower in the PE group than in the HR group in T2 (p&lt;0.05). In the HR group during pregnancy, concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C, apoB, as well as HDL-C increased significantly (p&lt;0.05 for all parameters), while the dominant LDL diameter decreased markedly (p&lt;0.001) between all trimesters, without changes in the dominant HDL diameter. There were no changes in HDL-C concentration during pregnancy in the PE group. In contrast, TG concentrations increased significantly (p&lt;0.01), accompanied by a significant decrease in dominant LDL particle diameter (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, pregnant women with PE exhibit atherogenic changes in lipid status parameters, including no increase in HDL-C concentration, potentially leading to a loss of HDL's protective effect.

Effects of Mung Bean Water Supplementation on Modulating Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in a Diabetic Rat Model.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with chronic inflammation exacerbated by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Mung beans have a longstanding reputation in traditional medicine for their purported ability to lower blood glucose levels, prompting interest in their pharmacological properties. This study aimed to explore the impact of mung bean water (MBW) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a T2DM rat model induced by nicotinamide/streptozotocin. Normal and DM rats were supplemented with a stock solution of MBW as drinking water ad libitum daily for 8 weeks. MBW supplementation led to significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, HDL-C, and VLDL-C + LDL-C levels, and decreased malondialdehyde levels in plasma and liver samples, indicating reduced oxidative stress. MBW supplementation lowered plasma glucose levels and upregulated hepatic hexokinase activity, suggesting enhanced glucose utilization. Additionally, MBW decreased hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase activities, while hepatic levels of glutathione and glutathione disulfide remained unchanged. These findings underscore the potential of MBW to improve plasma glucose and lipid metabolism in DM rats, likely mediated by antioxidant effects and the modulation of hepatic enzyme activities. Further exploration of bioactive components of MBW and its mechanisms could unveil new therapeutic avenues for managing diabetes and its metabolic complications.

Prevalence, Characteristics and Risk Factors Analysis of Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Prediabetes, a reversible condition before the onset of diabetes, is a significant concern in healthcare globally. The global prediabetes epidemic has emerged and has considerably impacted health expenditures. Various risk factors play important roles in the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. Intensive lifestyle and pharmacological interventions can significantly reduce the risk of diabetes progression. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of prediabetes state of Medan in August 2023. Methods The sample consisted of 89 participants. This was an analytical cross-sectional study in the community that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The determination of prediabetes is based on the results of blood tests, namely, the examination of fasting blood sugar levels (FBGL), 2-hour postprandial oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C). Other examinations included lipid profiling (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides). Data processing was performed using SPSS via univariate and bivariate analyses (chi-square test). Results Of the 89 participants, the prevalence of prediabetes based on HbA1c, FBGL and 2-hours OGTT levels was 28.1%, 50.6%, and 28.1%, respectively. 82% of the participants were female, and 53.9% were overweight or obese based on body mass index (BMI). The risk factors related to the prevalence of prediabetes were HbA1c level, impaired FBGL, and impaired 2-hours OGTT. Other risk factors such as age, sex, daily exercise, diet, BMI, waist-hip ratio, acanthosis nigricans, lipid profile, and blood pressure did not correlate significantly with the risk factors (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion This study found that the prevalence of prediabetes was 67.4% in Medan, 82% of the participants were female, and more than 50% of participants were overweight or obese. HbA1c, FBGL, and 2-hour postprandial OGTT were the most important risk factors for prediabetes.

Effects of dietary puerarin on growth, digestive enzyme, antioxidant capacity, immune and liver health of Acanthopagrus latus

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of puerarin on growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidant capacity, immunity and liver health of Acanthopagrus latus. Four diets were formulated: a control diet (C) and C supplemented with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg puerarin (CP2, CP4, and CP6, respectively) and a eight-week feeding trial was conducted of fish. The results showed that the addition of 400 mg/kg puerarin significantly increased weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to C group. Dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg puerarin significantly increased lipase (LPS) activity compared to the C group. The addition of 200 mg/kg puerarin significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and 400 mg/kg puerarin significantly reduced total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglycerides (TG) and HDL-C compared to the C group. Dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg puerarin significantly increased serum and liver glutathione (GSH) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to the C group. Addition of 400 mg/kg puerarin significantly increased liver catalase (CAT) activity compared to the C group. Supplementation of 600 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of puerarin significantly increased serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) activities, respectively. Compared to the C group, the addition of 200 mg/kg of puerarin significantly increased the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the liver. CP4-feeding significantly upregulated the expression of nrf2, ho-1, and gclc while downregulating the expression of keap1 compared to the C group. The addition of puerarin significantly reduced the expression of tnf-α and il-6 compared to the C group. Supplementation of 200 mg/kg puerarin significantly reduced the expression of bax compared to the C group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with puerarin had positive effects on the growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and liver health of fish, particularly at 503.5 mg/kg.

Efficacy of AI-Guided (GenAISTM) Dietary Supplement Prescriptions versus Traditional Methods for Lowering LDL Cholesterol: A Randomized Parallel-Group Pilot Study.

Emerging evidence suggests that personalized dietary supplement regimens can significantly influence lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk. The efficacy of AI-guided dietary supplement prescriptions, compared with standard physician-guided prescriptions, remains underexplored. In a randomized, parallel-group pilot study, 70 patients aged 40-75 years with LDL-C levels between 70 and 190 mg/dL were enrolled. Participants were randomized to receive either AI-guided dietary supplement prescriptions or standard physician-guided prescriptions for 90 days. The primary endpoint was the percent change in LDL-C levels. Secondary endpoints included changes in total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, and hsCRP. Supplement adherence and side effects were monitored. Sixty-seven participants completed the study. The AI-guided group experienced a 25.3% reduction in LDL-C levels (95% CI: -28.7% to -21.9%), significantly greater than the 15.2% reduction in the physician-guided group (95% CI: -18.5% to -11.9%; p < 0.01). Total cholesterol decreased by 15.4% (95% CI: -19.1% to -11.7%) in the AI-guided group compared with 8.1% (95% CI: -11.5% to -4.7%) in the physician-guided group (p < 0.05). Triglycerides were reduced by 22.1% (95% CI: -27.2% to -17.0%) in the AI-guided group versus 12.3% (95% CI: -16.7% to -7.9%) in the physician-guided group (p < 0.01). HDL-C and hsCRP changes were not significantly different between groups. The AI-guided group received a broader variety of supplements, including plant sterols, omega-3 fatty acids, red yeast rice, coenzyme Q10, niacin, and fiber supplements. Side effects were minimal and comparable between groups. AI-guided dietary supplement prescriptions significantly reduce LDL-C and triglycerides more effectively than standard physician-guided prescriptions, highlighting the potential for AI-driven personalization in managing hypercholesterolemia.

Mediterranean Diet Combined with Regular Aerobic Exercise and Hemp Protein Supplementation Modulates Plasma Circulating Amino Acids and Improves the Health Status of Overweight Individuals.

Plant protein is considered a sustainable health-promoting strategy to prevent metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle changes (including dietary patterns and exercise) have been demonstrated to exert an effect on human health by modulating the biochemical status in humans. The objective of this study was to assess whether supplementation with hemp protein within a Mediterranean diet context together with exercise could help to ameliorate the metabolic statuses of patients prone to developing metabolic syndrome. For this study, 23 patients followed with Mediterranean diet and engaged in aerobic exercise according to the WHO's recommendations, while also being supplemented with hemp protein, for 12 weeks. A comparison of anthropometric, biochemical, and mineral data as well as amino acid values was made between the start and the end of the study, with the subjects acting as their own control group. Statistical analyses included a paired t-test, Wilcoxon paired test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis to evaluate significant differences and correlations among parameters. There were statistically significant changes in total cholesterol, HDL-C (+52.3%), LDL-C (-54.0%), and TAG levels (-49.8%), but not in glucose plasma levels. Following the intervention, plasma concentrations of some amino acids, including α-aminoadipic acid, phosphoethanolamine, and 1-metylhistidine, increased, whereas those of asparagine and alanine declined. Different correlations between amino acids and the other parameters evaluated were reported and discussed. A Mediterranean diet combined with regular aerobic exercise, together with protein supplementation, can highly improve the metabolic parameters and anthropometric parameters of subjects with obesity and impaired glucose levels, ameliorating their health status and likely delaying the development of metabolic syndrome.

Investigating the Role of Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance in the Etiology of Migraine

Aim: Migraine, a prevalent neurovascular disorder, is marked by repetitive headache episodes. Its complex etiology encompasses biochemical, genetic, and environmental influences, but its exact pathophysiology remains elusive. Recent studies have hinted at a link between migraine and oxidative stress. Hence, this study sought to delve into the correlation between migraine, oxidative stress markers, and lipid profiles. Material and Method: This case-control study involved 60 adult migraine patients from Dicle University's Neurology Department in Diyarbakır, Türkiye, observed between 2009 and 2010. The control group was age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and lipid constituents such as total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured in both groups. Results: Migraine sufferers, particularly those with aura, had significantly elevated MDA levels compared to controls (p