TotalFill BC Research Articles

Effect of chitosan nanoparticle, QMix, and EDTA on TotalFill BC sealers' dentinal tubule penetration: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of chitosan nanoparticle, QMix, and 17% EDTA on the penetrability of a calcium silicate-based sealer into dentinal tubules using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Sixty mandibular premolar teeth were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 20) before root canal preparation according to the solution used in the final rinse protocol: chitosan, QMix, and EDTA groups. Twenty teeth of each group were filled with a TotalFill BC sealers' single gutta-percha cone and with 0.1% rhodamine B. The specimens were horizontally sectioned at 3 and 5mm from the apex, and the slices were analyzed in CLSM (4×). Total percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy with using Image J analysis software. Dentinal tubule's penetration depth, percentage, and area were measured using imaging software. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results of Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the percentage and depth of sealer penetration among all groups at 3 and 5mm level sections (P < 0.05). Within the groups, the minimum sealer penetration depth was recorded for chitosan nanoparticle group. Greater depth of sealer penetration was recorded at 5mm as compared to 3mm in all the groups. Within the limitation of the present study, it can be concluded that QMix and EDTA promoted sealer penetration superior to that achieved by chitosan nanoparticle.

Biological and physico-chemical properties of new root canal sealers.

BackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to compare the biological and the physico-chemical properties of bioceramic-based root canal sealers, calcium hydroxide-based, MTA-based and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers.Material and MethodsTwo bioceramic-based sealers, one calcium hydroxide-based sealer, one MTA-based sealer and two epoxy resin-based sealers were tested.ResultsEasySeal and MTA Fillapex showed severe citotoxic activity, AH Plus and SealapexTM moderate cytotoxicity, BioRoot™ RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer were both cytocompatible. Except for TotalFill BC Sealer, all root canal sealers caused inhibition zones when tested with E. faecalis. The highest inhibition zone was observed for EasySeal, followed by AH Plus. BioRoot™ RCS, SealapexTM and MTA Fillapex showed the lowest inhibition zone. All the tested materials showed different degree of antibacterial activity by using direct contact test (DCT). The highest values were observed for BioRoot™ RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer and EasySeal, followed by MTA Fillapex and SealapexTM. Except for BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer, all the root canal sealers fulfilled the requirements of the ISO 6876 standard, demonstrating a weight loss less than 3%. Bioroot RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer and SealapexTM exhibited high alkaline pH with an increase both for BioRoot™ RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer after 24 hours.ConclusionsThe new bioceramic-based sealers showed acceptable physico-chemical properties, but BioRoot™ RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer seems to be too soluble, not respecting ISO 6876 requirements. Key words:Antibacterial activity, cytoxicity, pH, root canal sealers, solubility.

Antibacterial Activity of Endodontic Sealers against Planktonic Bacteria and Bacteria in Biofilms

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of 4 endodontic sealers against bacteria planktonic grown or in biofilms commonly detected from persistent and secondary endodontic infections. MethodsThe antibacterial activity of the sealers AH Plus, TotalFill BC sealer, RoekoSeal, and Guttaflow 2 was investigated for planktonic grown and 24-hour-old biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans. ResultsAH Plus had high antibacterial activity toward all species investigated, both planktonic and in biofilms. However, the antibacterial activity was lost after 24 hours. TotalFill BC sealer showed marked antibacterial effect on planktonic bacteria up to 7 days after setting. TotalFill BC sealer had lower antibacterial activity against biofilms of S. aureus and E. faecalis compared with AH Plus when direct contact between the sealer and biofilm was investigated and for all species investigated when a membrane was used to separate the biofilm and sealer. Guttaflow 2 and RoekoSeal had no antibacterial activity against planktonic bacteria or bacteria in biofilms. ConclusionsBacteria in biofilms showed higher susceptibility for AH Plus compared with TotalFill BC sealer during the first 24 hours after setting. Investigating the antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers and materials against bacteria in biofilms is highly important to evaluate the materials' ability to eradicate bacteria from the infected root canal.

Physicochemical Properties and Volumetric Change of Silicone/Bioactive Glass and Calcium Silicate–based Endodontic Sealers

IntroductionThis study evaluated setting time (ST), radiopacity, pH, flow, solubility, and volumetric change (VC) of a silicone, gutta-percha, and bioactive glass–based sealer, GuttaFlow Bioseal (GFB), and a calcium silicate–based sealer, TotalFill BC Sealer (TFBC), in comparison with AH Plus. MethodsST and flow were evaluated in accordance with the ISO 6876 Standard. pH was evaluated after different time intervals (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis in millimeters of aluminum. Solubility was evaluated by means of mass loss (%) after 7 and 30 days of immersion in distilled water. VC was evaluated by micro-computed tomography, by using cavities 3 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter in acrylic resin, filled with the materials. The materials were evaluated after setting and after 7 and 30 days of immersion in distilled water. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey statistical tests (P < .05). ResultsTFBC demonstrated the highest pH and solubility. GFB had the shortest ST, and lowest radiopacity and flow values. VC was similar for the sealers in both time intervals. ConclusionsTFBC presented the highest pH and solubility, but showed similar VC to GFB and AH Plus. GFB showed proper physicochemical properties. Micro-computed tomography complements the physicochemical analysis of endodontic sealers.

A Comparative Study of the Antibacterial Efficacy of two Natural Irrigating Solutions with Two Different Root Canal Sealers on E-feacalis

This study aimed to: evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of two natural irrigating solutions(Green Tea, and Propolis) with two different root canal sealers (AH Plus sealer,and Total Fill BC Sealer) against E. faecalis. Methods: One hundred single rootedteeth were selected. All root canals were prepared manually to #50 file. Finally theteeth were sterilized by gamma rays. Each root canal was inoculated with 0.5 ml of E.faecalis. Specimens were divided randomly into two main groups (50 specimens each)according to the irrigating solution; A1 (Green Tea), and A2 (Propolis). Each maingroup was divided into two subgroups with (25 specimens each) according to the typeof sealer used B1 (AH Plus sealer), and B2 (TotalFill BC Sealer). The bacterial samplingcounting process was done three times throughout the study. Five specimens fromeach subgroup were examined by SEM for presence or absence of E. faecalis. Results:The highest mean value of bacterial count was found in (Green tea) (6.50x10x10 ±1.29x10x10) while the least mean value of bacterial count was found in (Propolis) (withless antibacterial effect 2x10x10 ± 1.33x10x10) with higher antibacterial effect. Thehighest mean value of bacterial count was found in (AH Plus Sealer) (5.40x10x10 ±2.44x10x10) with less antibacterial effect while the least mean value of bacterial countwas found in (TotalFill BC Sealer) (3.10x10x10 ± 1.54 x10x10) with higher antibacterialeffect. Conclusions: Propolis is an effective intracanal irrigant in eradicating E.faecalis. On other hand TotalFill BC Sealer is more effective in reducing E. faecalis.

In Vitro the Effect of Canals Instrumented with Three Rotary Ni-Ti Systems on the Dislocation Resistanceo Guttafusion ® versus Single Cone Obturation Technique

Background: Complete seal of the root canal system following its chemo-mechanical debridement plays a pivotal role for achieving successful endodontic treatment. This can be established by reducing the gaps between the core filling material and root canal wall. Aim: To assess and compare the dislocation resistance of root canals obturated with GuttaFusion® and TotalFill BC sealer versus single cone obturation technique and TotalFill BC sealer after instrumentation of the canals with WaveOne, ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal system. Material and Method: Sixty extracted human permanent mandibular premolars were conducted in the current study. The teeth were decorated and left the root with 15mm length; the roots were divided randomly into three main groups, twenty roots in each group. The roots were instrumented with different rotary systems using crown down technique according to the groups: (Group I) was instrumented with WaveOne files. (Group II) was instrumented with ProTaper Next system and (Group III) was instrumented with ProTaper Universal system. For each group the same irrigation regimen was used, 3 mL of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 3 mL of 17% EDTA to remove the smear layer. Then, Group I was also subdivided randomly into two subgroups of ten samples each, (Group I A) obturated with single cone gutta-percha and (Group I B) filled with GuttaFusion®. Group II was divided into (Group II A) obturated with single cone gutta-percha and (Group II B) filled with GuttaFusion®. Group III was divided into (Group III A) obturated with single cone gutta-percha and (Group III B) obturated with GuttaFusion®. In the present study, TotalFill BC sealer was used for all the tested groups. Then, the roots were embedded in clear acrylic resin and each root sectioned into three sections of 2mm thick (apical, middle and coronal). The push-out bond strength values represented by (MPa) unit was calculated by dividing the load on the surface area and the last was measured in collaboration with AutoCAD system software program. Failure mode analysis was carried out to examine the type of failure in each sample by using a stereomicroscope. Results: The results showed highly significant differences among the main groups that instrumented with different rotary systems (WaveOne, ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal system). There were highly significant differences between the two obturation techniques of the subgroups (single cone gutta-percha versus GuttaFusion®). However; Gutta-Fusion® showed highest bond strength value than single cone obturation technique. The coronal third slices of all groups showed highest value of bond strength in comparison to the middle thirds and apical thirds. In the meantime, the middle third slices showed bond strength higher than that of the apical thirds for all groups. Statistical analysis was performed by using two way ANOVA and LSD tests. Conclusions: The instrumentation techniques and the obturation materials significantly affected the push-out bond strength values of obturation system. The highest value was appointed in root canals instrumented with ProTaper Universal System; obturated with GuttaFusion® and BC sealer, whereas, the lowest bond strength was appeared at canals instrumented with ProTaper Next; obturated with single cone gutta-percha and BC sealer.

An in vitro comparative analysis of sealing ability of bioceramic-based, methacrylate-based, and epoxy resin-based sealers

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the apical sealing ability of new bioceramic-based (TotalFill BC) and methacrylate-based (Hybrid Root SEAL) sealers with epoxy resin-based (AH Plus) sealer using a dye penetration method. Materials and Methods: A total of 74 extracted mandibular premolars were selected and decoronated to the root length of 14 mm. The root canals were prepared using high flex to size 35, 0.06 taper to the working length. After completion of the biomechanical preparation of root canal, samples were divided into four experimental groups (n = 16) and two control groups (n = 5). Experimental groups were obturated as follows - Group A: Obturated with AH Plus + 6% conventional gutta-percha, Group B: Obturated with TotalFill BC + 6% conventional gutta-percha, Group C: Obturated with TotalFill BC + 6% bioceramic gutta-percha, and Group D: Obturated with Hybrid Root SEAL + 6% conventional gutta-percha. Results: The best results were obtained with TotalFill BC with bioceramic gutta-percha followed by TotalFill BC with conventional gutta-percha, AH Plus, and Hybrid Root SEAL. Conclusion: Bioceramic sealer with bioceramic gutta-percha or conventional gutta-percha provides comparable sealing ability to AH Plus and superior to Hybrid Root SEAL.

Comparative radiographic assessment of a new bioceramic-based root canal sealer.

Background and aimsThe aim of this study was to assess the radiopacity of two bioceramic-based root canal sealers, the conventional TotalFill BC sealer (FKG Dentaire Switzerland) and a new experimental filling material developed in collaboration with ‘Raluca Ripan’ Institute for Research in Chemistry, Cluj-Napoca.MethodsFive disc samples were prepared using both materials (10 mm diameter × 1 mm thickness), being subjected to digital radiography together with aluminum step wedges (1 to 12 mm in thickness), in accordance with ISO 6876: 2012. Radiopacity was determined by the computer analysis of the images obtained. Four different areas were selected for each sample, corresponding to a disk-sample quadrant. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA.ResultsBoth materials showed a radiopacity that was 3 mm greater than the equivalent thickness of aluminum. Total Fill BC showed greater radiopacity than the experimental material, but the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsBoth materials comply with ISO 6876: 2012 recommendations on minimum radiopacity.

Composition and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate based sealers: A review article.

BackgroundRecently a new generation of endodontic sealers has been developed based on calcium silicate as MTA Fillapex, Endoseal MTA, Total Fill BC Sealer, EndoSequence BC Sealer, iRoot SP, Endo CPM sealer, MTA-Angelus and ProRoot Endo Sealer. A review of literature was conducted to discuss the composition, physicochemical properties, and clinical perspectives of calcium silicate based sealers.Material and MethodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed and web of knowledge databases with appropriate MeSh terms and keywords. A total of 71 studies were reviewed for data extraction. Results and ConclusionsCalcium silicate based sealers showed suitable physical properties to be used as an endodontic sealer. However, its high solubility remains an important issue. They show good performance regarding calcium ion release, film thickness, and fowability. More researches are required about features of calcium silicate based sealers before recommending them for clinical applications. Key words:Calcium silicate, root canal filling materials, composition, physical properties.

Solubility and pH of bioceramic root canal sealers: A comparative study.

BackgroundThis study compared the solubility and the pH of different root canal sealers in vitro.Material and MethodsBioRoot™RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer, MTA Fillapex, SealapexTM, AH Plus, EasySeal, Pulp Canal Sealer™ and N2 were tested. Similar specimens were prepared using ring molds with an internal diameter of 20 ± 0,1 mm and a height of 1,5 ± 0,1 mm and digitally weighted to register the mass of each specimen before and after immersion in distilled water. Solubility was determined after 24 hours and statistically analysed using a one-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey test. The pH value was measured by a digital pH meter after 3 and 24 hours from manipulation.ResultsBioRoot™RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer showed significantly higher solubility (P<0.05). All the remnant root canal sealers fulfilled the requirements of solubility of the International Standard Organization 6876 demonstrating a weight loss of less than 3%. BioRoot™RCS and Totalfill BC Sealer exhibited high alkaline pH over time (P<0.05); the alkalinity of the other tested cements was significantly lower.ConclusionsThe prolonged alkalinity of bioceramic sealer matched the increase in solubility. This may encourage their biological and antimicrobial effects, but the ongoing solubility may impact their ability to prevent apical leakage. Key words:pH, root canal sealers, solubility.

Comparative cytotoxicity evaluation of eight root canal sealers.

BackgroundThe aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effects of eight root canal sealers (BioRoot RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer, MTA Fillapex, Sealapex, AH Plus, EasySeal, Pulp Canal Sealer, N2) on immortalized human gingival fibroblasts over a period of 24, 48 and 72 hours.Material and MethodsImmortalized human gingival fibroblast-1 HGF-1 (ATCC CRL-2014) were incubated. Root canal sealers were then placed into sterile, cylindrical Teflon moulds. The extraction was made eluting the sealers in cell culture medium. Cells (1 × 104) were seeded in each well of a 96-well plate and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Cultures were then exposed to 100 μL of the extracts medium. The percentage of viable cells in each well was calculated relative to control cells set to 100%.ResultsBioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer extracted for 24h showed no cytotoxic effect, while it was mild by using 48 and 72 h extracts. No cytotoxic effect was measured by using AH Plus medium eluted for 24 h, while it was moderate after 48 h and severe after 72 h. Pulp Canal Sealer, Sealapex and N2 showed moderately cytotoxic activity for all the extraction times. EasySeal and MTA Fillapex remained severely or borderline mildly cytotoxic for all the extraction times.ConclusionsIn the present study only BioRoot RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer and AH Plus showed no cytotoxic effects at least in the first 24h. All the other sealers revealed moderately or severely cytotoxic activity during all the extraction times. Key words:Cytotoxicity, gingival fibroblast, MTT test, root canal sealer.

Antibacterial activity of different root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis.

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to compare in vitro the antimicrobial activity of different root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis, prior and subsequent to setting. Material and MethodsAgar diffusion test (ADT) was used for evaluating the antibacterial activity of non-set sealer while the direct contact test (DCT) was used for after setting.ResultsADT: Except for TotalFill BC Sealer all the others sealers tested showed antibacterial activity. BioRoot™RCS, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex Root Canal Sealer showed the lowest antibacterial activity, a significant increase in antibacterial effect for both Pulp Canal Sealer™ and AH plus sealers were found. Significantly higher were the mean diameters of the bacterial inhibition zone by both EasySeal or N2 sealers. DCT: AH plus and Sealapex Root Canal Sealer doesn’t show any bactericidal effect after 6 min of contact. After 15 and 60 min of contact a significant increment for AH plus and for Sealapex Root Canal Sealer of the bactericidal effect was found. Significantly much higher was the antibacterial effect of Sealapex Root Canal Sealer compare to that observed for AH plus. BioRootTMRCS, MTA Fillapex, Pulp Canal Sealer™ and N2 showed at least means of the number of colonies formed in milliliter after 6 min of contact. Except for N2, a significant increase in bactericidal effect after 15 and 60 min for the other compared sealers (BioRootTMRCS, MTA Fillapex and Pulp Canal Sealer™).ConclusionsFor every contact times considered, both TotalFill BC Sealer and EasySeal were bactericidal against E. faecalis and killed all bacteria. Key words:Agar diffusion test, antibacterial activity, direct contact test, Enterococcus faecalis, root canal sealer.

Apical Microleakage of four Materials after Root End Resection (In Vitro Study)

Summary Hermetic sealing of the apical area after root end resection is essential to the success of endodontic surgery. To compare microleakage after root end resection of the two bioceramic sealers without retrograde filling - Total Fill BC Sealer and MTA Fillapex, and two materials for retrograde filling-MTA and Biodentine, using the method of penetration of dye - 2% methylene blue. Forty eight extracted single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. The resection was made at 3 mm from the root tip at an angle of 90 degree to the long axis of the tooth. The teeth were divided into 4 groups: 1st group (n = 9) - root canal obturation with Total Fill BC Sealer without retrograde filling; 2nd group (n = 8) - root canal obturation with MTA Fillapex without retrograde filling. 3rd group (n = 10) - retrograde ultrasonic cavity preparation and filling with MTA. 4th group (n = 8) - retrograde ultrasonic cavity preparation and filling with Biodentine. The outer surface of the root was covered with two layers of varnish, with the exception of the apical 3 mm and then immersed in 2% methylene blue for 72 h. The degree of penetration of the dye is measured in millimeters. The data was entered and processed with the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. We reject the null hypothesis when p &lt; 0.05. With significantly higher value is the arithmetic mean of the group with the root canal obturation with Total Fill BC Sealer without retrograde filling - 2,01 mm; versus a retrograde filling with MTA - 0,68 mm and Biodentin - 0,51 mm; and no statistically significant difference with the group root canal obturation with MTA Fillapex - 1,76 mm. In the four material microleakage dye was observed, but to varying degrees.

Do smear-layer removal agents affect the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers?

To evaluate the effect of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2.25% peracetic acid (PA) or 10% citric acid (CA) on the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers [MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) and Total Fill BC Sealer (FKG, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland)] to root dentine after different periods of immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstaz, Germany) was used as a reference material for comparison. Thirty human maxillary incisors were selected and three 1-mm discs were obtained from the middle third of each root. On the axial surface of each disc, three 0.8-mm-diameter holes were drilled through the dentine. After standardized irrigation, each dentine disc from the same root was treated for smear-layer removal with one of the three tested chelating solutions: EDTA, PA or CA. After that, the holes were dried with paper points and filled with one of the three test root canal sealers. The filled dental slices were further immersed in PBS solution (pH 7.2) for 7days (T1) or 30days (T2) at 37°C, before the push-out assay. Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used respectively to estimate the impact of the independent variables (solutions, sealers and period of PBS immersion) on the push-out bond strength. The level for significance was set at α=5% and data were further subjected to a Bonferroni correction. Solutions and periods of immersion did not significantly influence the displacement resistance (P=0.285, and P=0.104, respectively) of sealers to root dentine. On the other hand, the type of sealer significantly affected the push-out bond strength (P=0.000). AH Plus was associated with greater resistance to dislodgment compared with Total Fill BC Sealer and MTA Fillapex (P=0.000). MTA Fillapex resulted in the lowest push-out bond strength (P=0.000). The use of different chelating agents did not influence the push-out bond strength of endodontic sealers. Calcium silicate-based sealers had lower push-out bond strength values compared with a conventional epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus).

Effect of double antibiotic and calcium hydroxide pastes on dislodgement resistance of an epoxy resin-based and two calcium silicate-based root canal sealers.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the dislodgement resistance of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and Total Fill BC sealer to root canal dentin walls following placement of calcium hydroxide (CH) or double antibiotic paste (DAP) medicaments. Root canals of 90 single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were instrumented with Reciproc rotary instruments to a size R50. The teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups: those receiving an intracanal medicament with either CH or DAP and a control group (n=30). After 3weeks, the medicaments were removed by irrigation with 5mL of 2.5% NaOCl, 5mL 17% EDTA, and 5mL distilled water under sonic agitation. Each group was then subdivided into three subgroups (n=10), and the canals were filled with either AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, or Total Fill BC sealer. After 1week, a push-out test was applied to the specimens and the results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tamhane's tests. Regardless of the type of intracanal medicament used, Total Fill BC Sealer and MTA Fillapex showed the highest and lowest bond strength, respectively (P<0.05). The use or absence of medicaments did not significantly affect the dislodgment resistance of root canal fillings (P>0.05). Prior CH placement improved dislodgement resistance of all sealers without statistical difference (P>0.05). Adhesive failure between core and sealer was the most frequent failure mode. Prior application of CH or DAP did not significantly affect the adhesion of the AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and Total Fill BC Sealers. There is a little information about the influence of antibiotic medicaments on the bond strength of root canal sealer. These findings suggest that the use of DAP does not affect the adhesion strength of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and Total Fill BC Sealers.

Evaluation of cytocompatibility of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers and their effects on the biological responses of mesenchymal dental stem cells.

To investigate invitro the cytocompatibility of the calcium silicate-containing endodontic sealers MTA Fillapex and TotalFill BC Sealer on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) by assaying their biological responses and compare them with that observed when using an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus). Specimens from the three different endodontic sealers were eluated with culture medium for 24h. The cytotoxicity of these eluates was evaluated using the MTT assay. In addition, an invitro scratch wound healing model was used to determine their effects on cell migration. Cell adhesion to collagen type I after treatment with the different sealer eluates was also measured, whereas cytotoxicity was determined using the DNA-specific fluorochrome Hoechst 33342. Finally, to assess cell morphology and attachment to the different sealers, hPDLSCs were directly seeded onto the material surfaces and analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One-way analysis of variance (anova) followed by a Bonferroni post-test were performed (P<0.05). hPDLSCs exposed to different dilutions of TotalFill BC Sealer eluates had significantly higher cell proliferation compared with that observed when cells were treated with AH Plus and MTA Fillapex eluates (P<0.001). In addition, TotalFill eluates were associated with significantly increased cell adhesion to collagen type I and migration of hPDLSCs in a concentration-dependent manner than displayed after treatment with MTA Fillapex or AH Plus eluates (P<0.001). Moreover, TotalFill BC Sealer-induced cytotoxicity was significantly lower than observed using AH Plus and MTA Fillapex eluates (P<0.001). Finally, SEM studies revealed suitable proliferation, cell spreading and attachment, especially when using TotalFill BC Sealer discs. TotalFill BC Sealer exhibited a higher cytocompatibility than AH Plus and MTA Fillapex. Further investigations using invivo animal models are required to validate the potential biological responses of TotalFill BC Sealer on hPDLSCs.

Re-establishing apical patency after obturation with Gutta-percha and two novel calcium silicate-based sealers

Objective:Aim of the present study was to evaluate the retreatability and reestablishment of apical patency of two calcium silicate-based sealers, TotalFill BC Sealer (BCS) and mineral trioxide aggregate Fillapex (MTA F), versus AH Plus, when used in combination with Gutta-percha (GP).Materials and Methods:The canals of 54 single-rooted anterior teeth were instrumented and filled with GP/AH Plus (Group A), GP/MTA F (Group B), or GP/BCS (Group C) using continuous wave obturation technique. The groups were subdivided into subgroups with the master-GP cone placed to the working length (WL) or intentionally 2 mm short. The retreatment procedures were performed using ultrasonics, chloroform, rotary, and hand files. The ability to establish the patency and reach WL was determined as well as the time taken to reach WL was calculated in minutes. Furthermore, the samples were observed under a dental, optical microscope, after vertically splitting them.Results:The WL and patency were reestablished in 100% of specimens in all groups. The Mann–Whitney U-test indicated that there was a significant difference in the amount of time required to reach WL between the groups (P < 0.05) with group GP/BCS short of the WL showing the most amount of time to be retreated.Conclusion:The novel calcium silicate-based sealers are negotiable under simple root canal anatomy. However, the conventional retreatment techniques are not able to fully remove them.