Total Expenses Research Articles

The effects of private sector companies’ research and development investments on the adoption of cloud computing services in the European Union

As European economies rely more and more on know-how and technology, the importance of investment in research and development, especially from the private sector, is increasing. Private investment in research and development leads to innovation and the creation of know-how and technologies that can increase productivity, competitiveness and contribute to economic growth. Private investment in research and development is particularly important in dynamic sectors with high added value, such as the IT&C sector. Cloud computing is one of the most popular IT&C technologies in recent years, particularly because it bridges the gap between large and small and medium-sized companies in terms of IT&C infrastructure investment needs. Due to cloud computing, small companies can benefit from the same technology and infrastructure as the bigger ones, but at lower costs, without having to make large-scale investments in IT&C infrastructure elements such as: computing power, networks, data storage, specialized software products, etc. This paper analyzes the link between the intensity of investments in research and development (R&D), calculated as the share of research and development expenses made by companies in the business environment (business enterprise sector) in GDP or as a percentage of total research and development expenses, in relation to the adoption of cloud computing technology within companies in the Member States of the European Union. The research results indicate a direct and moderate relationship between the intensity of private R&D spending and the adoption of cloud computing technologies among companies in the Member States. This result can be attributed to both the increase in the overall digitization of the countries most active in terms of private R&D investment, as well as the need for affordable and strong IT&C infrastructure to maximize future returns and drive economic growth.

Optimization of the characteristics of organizational and technological solutions aimed at reducing the impact of project risks

Introduction. The research relevance is determined by the need of modern design and construction organizations to objectively estimate the impact of various categories of risks on the results of the construction projects’ implementation, as well as the limitations of existing tools used to justify the parameters for the implementation of construction projects, taking into account the risks of the internal and external environment. The mentioned above features determined the feasibility of conducting the research, which purpose is to develop the tools for determination of the characteristics for organizational and technological solutions aimed at reducing the impact of risks on the results of construction projects’ implementation.
 
 Materials and methods. The methodology of the substantiation of the characteristics of organizational and technological solutions aimed at reducing the impact of risks on the results of construction projects has been developed. The methodology assumes forming the analytical model of dependence of risk indicator value from parameters of the construction project to be realized (risk parameters) with further building and realization of an optimization model to substantiate changes of the ma-naged risk parameters on the basis of criteria of total expenses for realization of the indicated changes and actual values of indicators of negative influence of risk on the results of realization of construction project.
 
 Results. The developed method has been realized by the practical example, as a result of the corresponding calculation procedures the values of the parameters’ changes of the operating process of the investment and building organization of the oil and gas sector to provide the required values of the actual average (by objects) term of delay in putting into operation and the share of the objects put into operation on time have been obtained.
 
 Conclusions. Based on the results of the implementation of the proposed methodology on a practical example, the conclusion of a high practical significance of the developed tool has been made. The features of the developed method that reduce the area of its effective application have been identified, in particular, dependence of the adequacy of the results of the method realization on the adequacy of the analytical model of dependence of the risk indicator value on the para-meters of the ongoing construction project. For elimination of the revealed disadvantages, the updating of the methodology on the further stages of research is planned.

Evolution of cancer treatment costs in the last 36 months in a self-funded health care in Brazil.

e18838 Background: In Brazil, cancer, in addition to being one of the main causes of illness and death, represents one of the highest public and private healthcare expenses. Regardless of the population profile, the direct costs of cancer pose as a real threat to the health system's sustainability. The objective of this study is to analyze the evolution of the use and costs of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy. Methods: Retrospective cohort consisted of all health plan beneficiaries diagnosed with cancer and who received pharmacological treatment in the last 36 months (September/2019 to August/2022). Based on Period 1 (P1, Sep/2019 to Aug/2020), we analyzed the evolution in the other periods (P2 and P3, Sep/2020 to Aug/2021 and Sep/2021 to Aug/2022, respectively) of the use of chemotherapy and the costs involved (per capita and per patient treated). We also analyzed the evolution of expenses with oral antineoplastic agents and their proportion in relation to other routes of administration. The most prescribed therapies were analyzed. Microsoft Excel and Qlik Sense were used for relative and absolute frequencies, means and standard deviation (95% confidence intervals, significance when p < 0.05). Results: During the study period, 982 beneficiaries (683, 601 and 572, respectively in P1, P2 and P3) underwent treatment with antineoplastic agents (mean age 68 years, 50.7% women). In P1, 1.6% of the total exposed received some type of chemotherapy. In the following intervals, the percentage increased to 1.7% and 2.1%, P2 and P3, respectively. Although the cost per patient treated increased by 4.7% in 36 months, the annual expense per patient, that is, the entire portfolio of the plan and not just those diagnosed with cancer, increased by 40.5%. Should be noted that the variation that occurred in P2 in relation to P1 was 7.8%, however, in P3 compared to P2, 30.3%. The proportion of patients receiving oral antineoplastics in relation to those treated remained stable (53.6%, 54.7% and 52.3%, P1, P2 and P3, respectively). Ten active principles with the highest financial consumption and corresponding to more than half of the total expenses: nivolumab, daratumumab, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, pembrolizumab, pertuzumab, enzalutamide, atezolizumab, paclitaxel and brentuximab vedotin. Conclusions: Molecular and immunological therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment and improved patient outcomes and survival, however, new treatment options represent an additional challenge. In this study, the cost of cancer treatment has increased 40.5%, especially in the last period, which coincides with the expansion of the list of mandatory coverages and due to the resumption of procedures after COVID-19. Minimizing the financial impact of the new technologies, through responsible management focused on the patient and based on the best scientific evidence, is fundamental for maintaining the sustainability.

ANALISA USAHA LAUNDRY (HOOP LAUNDRY) DI KOTA MATARAM DENGAN METODE BREAK EVEN POINT (BEP)

Laundry is a business in the field of clothes washing services where dirty clothes are processed until clean and ready to distributed, this business is very promising because of the high level of demand for this service. Therefore, business actors in this field, namely Hoop Laundry, to continue to develop, must be supported by maximum profits by doing profit planning to find out whether this business is profitable or not.To plan profit, a tool is needed, one of which is the determination of the break- even point. In profit planning, break even point analysis is a profit planning approach that is based on the relationship between costs and income.The results of this study, it is known that the average number of kg of laundry per month produced is 1,702.52 kg with a Fixed Cost (FC) of Rp. 25,510,500 and Variable Cost (VC) of Rp. 61,828,852.5. From the laundry price per kg (p) which is IDR 6,000 the number of kg of laundry produced to reach the Break Even Point (BEP) condition is12,984 kg of laundry with a time of 7.6 months where the total expenses (TC) are equal to the total income (TR) which is IDR 77,902,498

Midterm comparison of laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension and sacrocolpopexy in the treatment of moderate to severe apical prolapse.

The objective was to retrospectively analyze the midterm efficacy of laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension (HUS) and sacrocolpopexy (SC) in the treatment of moderate to severe apical prolapse. Patients who underwent laparoscopic HUS and SC in our center from 2013 to 2019 with follow-ups were included, consisting of laparoscopic HUS (group A, n=72) or SC (mesh added, group B, n=54). The general data of patients, pelvic organ prolapse quantitative examination (POP-Q) score, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory short form 20 score (PFDI-20) before and after operation, perioperative conditions, Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I), and postoperative complications were collected for statistical analysis and comparison between groups. There was no statistical difference in preoperative data between groups. The median follow-up time was 48 months. The objective recurrence rate of group A was higher than that of group B, without statistical significance. One patient in group B had a second operation owing to recurrence. The exposure rate of mesh in group B was 3.70%. There was no significant difference in deviation of POP-Q and PFDI-20 pre- and post-operation. The proportion of new defecation abnormalities in group A was lower. The total hospitalization expenses and surgical consumables in group B were significantly higher than those in group A. The midterm curative effect of laparoscopic HUS is similar to that of SC in the treatment of moderate to severe apical prolapse. The former has the advantages of less intraoperative blood loss, shorter postoperative hospital stay, lower cost, fewer new defecation abnormalities, and there were no complications related to mesh.

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review.

The main challenges of liquid hydrogen (H2) storage as one of the most promising techniques for large-scale transport and long-term storage include its high specific energy consumption (SEC), low exergy efficiency, high total expenses, and boil-off gas losses. This article reviews different approaches to improving H2 liquefaction methods, including the implementation of absorption cooling cycles (ACCs), ejector cooling units, liquid nitrogen/liquid natural gas (LNG)/liquid air cold energy recovery, cascade liquefaction processes, mixed refrigerant systems, integration with other structures, optimization algorithms, combined with renewable energy sources, and the pinch strategy. This review discusses the economic, safety, and environmental aspects of various improvement techniques for H2 liquefaction systems in more detail. Standards and codes for H2 liquefaction technologies are presented, and the current status and future potentials of H2 liquefaction processes are investigated. The cost-efficient H2 liquefaction systems are those with higher production rates (>100 tonne/day), higher efficiency (>40%), lower SEC (<6 kWh/kgLH2), and lower investment costs (1-2 $/kgLH2). Increasing the stages in the conversion of ortho- to para-H2 lowers the SEC and increases the investment costs. Moreover, using low-temperature waste heat from various industries and renewable energy in the ACC for precooling is significantly more efficient than electricity generation in power generation cycles to be utilized in H2 liquefaction cycles. In addition, the substitution of LNG cold recovery for the precooling cycle is associated with the lower SEC and cost compared to its combination with the precooling cycle.

Analysing Tourism Expenses Using Mathematical Modelling

The article considers the ways a potential tourist would spend his/ her funds in three-day tour package in Samarkand city. For this purpose, a mathematical simulation model based on Monte Carlo method was used. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the total expenses of tourists were greatly influenced by the costs of transport and food.

Examining the Welfare System Expenses in Vietnam: Analysis of Total Expenses and Population Trends in 2011-2018

The welfare system is a critical aspect of any society, aimed at providing assistance and support to individuals and families in need. The main objective is to examine Vietnam's welfare system expenses and population trends between 2011 and 2018 to understand the challenges and opportunities of providing effective welfare programs. The Ratio Indicator is analysed using averages, means, growths, coefficients, and other means. The results show that the total welfare system expenses have been increasing from 2012 to 2013, with the most significant increase between 2012 and 2013 when the total Welfare System expenses increased by 10,864,663 mil. VND. The average welfare system expense growth on one citizen per year in the monitored period was 15,371 VND per year with an average growth coefficient of 1.055 per year. The analysis has limitations since it does not consider those without social security benefits; therefore, this study should be taken as a mean value. Also, Vietnam's geographical location makes it challenging to account for natural catastrophes and other factors that affect the welfare system.

ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS AFFECTING INCOME OF ARTISANAL FISHERMEN IN TEGAL CITY

The fisheries sector, especially capture fisheries, is the leading sector in Tegal City. Fisheries activities in Tegal City are concentrated in the Tegalsari Coastal Fishery Port (PPP) where the majority of the perpetrators are small fishermen. Traditional fishermen who are artisanal fishermen generally live below the poverty line. Based on data from the Department of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Tegal City in 2014, almost 12,589 people worked as fishermen, consisting of 630 people as skippers or ship owners and 11,959 as fishermen workers or crew members (ABK). The low income of traditional fishermen is a long-standing problem, but it has not been resolved until now. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the income of small fishermen in Tegal City. The types of data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents, while secondary data was obtained by studying literature relevant to the research. Respondents in this study were determined through purposive sampling as many as 140 respondents. Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 22 software. The results showed that of the 4 independent variables studied (age, education, number of family dependents, and total expenditure) it was found that 2 factors significantly influenced the income level of small fishermen in Indonesia. Tegal City, namely the number of family dependents and total expenses

Analysing Tourism Expenses using Mathematical Modelling

The article considers the ways a potential tourist would spend his/ her funds in three-day tour package in Samarkand city. For this purpose, a mathematical simulation model based on Monte Carlo method was used. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the total expenses of tourists were greatly influenced by the costs of transport and food.

Association between early ambulation exercise and short-term postoperative recovery after open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a single center retrospective analysis

BackgroundEarly ambulation in patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery is recommended, however, the precise time interval after open surgery has never been specified. Current retrospective analysis was conducted aiming to clarify an accurate time interval.MethodsA retrospective analysis of eligible patients was conducted using the databases of the Bone Surgery Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2016 to 2021. Data pertaining to postoperative hospital stay length, expenses, incidence of complications were extracted and compared using Pearson’s χ2 or Student’s t-tests. A multivariate linear regression model was conducted to identify the relationship between length of hospital stay (LOS) and other outcomes of interest. A propensity analysis was conducted to minimize bias and to evaluate the reliability of results.ResultsA total of 303 patients met the criteria and were included for the data analysis. Multivariate linear regression results demonstrated that a high ASA grade (p = 0.016), increased blood loss (p = 0.003), cardiac disease (p < 0.001), occurrence of postoperative complications(p < 0.001) and longer ambulatory interval (p < 0.001) was significantly associated with an increased LOS. The cut-off analysis manifested that patients should start mobilization within 3 days after open TLIF surgery (B = 2.843, [1.395–4.292], p = 0.0001). Further comparative analysis indicated that patients who start ambulatory exercise within 3 days have shorter LOS (8.52 ± 3.28d vs 12.24 ± 5.88d, p < 0.001), total expenses ( 9398.12 ± 2790.82vs 10701.03 ± 2994.03 [USD], p = 0.002). Propensity analysis revealed such superiority was stable along with lower incidence of postoperative complications (2/61 vs 8/61, p = 0.0048).ConclusionsThe current analysis suggested that ambulatory exercise within 3 days for patients who underwent open TLIF surgery was significantly associated with reduced LOS, total hospital expenses, and postoperative complications. Further causal relationship would be confirmed by future randomized controlled trials.

Pharmacist-Driven Dosing Services and Pharmaceutical Care Increase Probability of Teicoplanin Target Concentration Attainment and Improve Clinical and Economic Outcomes in Non-Critically Ill Patients.

Pharmacist-driven (PD) dosing and monitoring services have been shown to improve the clinical and economic outcomes in patients treated with different antibiotics, other than teicoplanin. This study investigates the impact of PD dosing and monitoring services on the clinical and economic outcomes of non-critically ill patients receiving teicoplanin treatment. A single-center retrospective study was conducted. Patients were divided into the PD group and the non-PD (NPD) group. Primary outcomes included the achievement of target serum concentration, and a composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and sepsis or septic shock development during hospitalization or within 30days of hospital admission. The cost of teicoplanin, overall medication cost, and total cost during hospital stay were also compared. A total of 163 patients from January to December 2019 were included and assessed. Seventy patients were assigned to the PD group and 93 to the NPD group. The PD group had a higher percentage of patients reaching the target trough concentration (54% versus 16%, p < 0.001). Around 26% of the patients in the PD group and 50% of the patients in the NPD group met the composite endpoint during their hospital stay (p = 0.002). The PD group exhibited a significantly lower incidence of sepsis or septic shock, shorter hospital stays, reduced drug costs, and lower total expenses. Our study demonstrates that pharmacist-driven teicoplanin therapy can improve the clinical and economic outcomes for non-critically ill patients. https://www.chictr.org.cn ; identifier, ChiCTR2000033521.

Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 on Hospital Profit Compensation Activities: A Difference-in-Differences Event Study Analysis in China.

The impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is still being revealed, and little is known about the effect of COVID-19-induced outpatient and inpatient losses on hospital operations in many counties. Hence, we aimed to explore whether hospitals adopted profit compensation activities after the 2020 first-wave outbreak of COVID-19 in China. A total of 2,616,589 hospitalization records from 2018, 2019, and 2020 were extracted from 36 tertiary hospitals in a western province in China; we applied a difference-in-differences event study design to estimate the dynamic effect of COVID-19 on hospitalized patients' total expenses before and after the last confirmed case. We found that average total expenses for each patient increased by 8.7% to 16.7% in the first 25 weeks after the city reopened and hospital admissions returned to normal. Our findings emphasize that the increase in total inpatient expenses was mainly covered by claiming expenses from health insurance and was largely driven by an increase in the expenses for laboratory tests and medical consumables. Our study documents that there were profit compensation activities in hospitals after the 2020 first-wave outbreak of COVID-19 in China, which was driven by the loss of hospitalization admissions during this wave outbreak.

The financial burden of out of pocket payments on medicines among households in Ethiopia: analysis of trends and contributing factors

BackgroundIn Ethiopia, out-of-pocket (OOP) payment is the key means of healthcare financing, and expenses on medicines are a crucial component of such payment. This study aims to investigate the financial implications of OOP payments on medicines for Ethiopian households.MethodsThe study involved a secondary data analysis of the national household consumption and expenditure surveys of 2010/11 and 2015/16. The "capacity-to-pay" method was used to calculate catastrophic OOP medicine expenditures. The extent of economic status related to catastrophic medicine payment inequity was calculated using concentration index estimation. The impoverishment consequences of OOP payment on medicine were estimated using poverty headcount and poverty gap analysis methods. Logistic regression models were used to identify the variables that predict catastrophic medicine payments.ResultsMedicines accounted for the majority of healthcare spending (> 65%) across the surveys. From 2010 to 2016, the total percentage of households facing catastrophic medicine payments decreased from 1% to 0.73%. However, the actual number of people expected to have experienced catastrophic medicine payments increased from 399,174 to 401,519 people. Payment for medicines pushed 11,132 households into poverty in 2015/16. The majority of disparities were explained by economic status, place of residence, and type of health services.ConclusionOOP payment on medicine accounted for the majority of total health expenses in Ethiopia. A high medicine OOP payment continued to push households into catastrophic payments and impoverishment. Household seeking inpatient care, those with lower economic status and urban residents were among the most affected. Hence, innovative approaches to improve the supply of medicines in public facilities especially those in urban settings and risk protection mechanisms for medicine expenditures particularly for inpatient care are recommended.

Tabib : Chatbot for Healthcare Automation with Audio Assistance using Artificial Intelligence

Individuals must prioritize health care in order to live a happy and healthy life. However, consulting a doctor in the event of a health problem is not always straightforward. The proposed concept is to use Artificial Intelligence to con- struct a chatbot for healthcare as a virtual assistant. Natural language pro- cessing and neural networks will be used to train the medical database in the healthcare chatbot system. The healthcare chatbot was created to lower total healthcare expenses and enhance access to medical knowledge. There are certain chatbots that operate as medical reference books, providing patients with additional knowledge about their ailment and assisting them in improving their health. In the proposed paper the chatbot system converses with patients about their health difficulties via voice-to-voice & text-to-text and offers a cus- tomized diagnosis based on their symptoms. In addition to text assistance this chat bot has audio assistance feature that massively help the disabled (visually impaired) patients to access the system. This feature eliminates the restric- tions that visually impaired patients face with currently available text enabled healthcare chat bots. We will be using the current location of the user and provide information about all doctors that are in and around the users loca- tion. Users can book appointments with different doctors in their locality. As a result, people will be aware of their health status and get immediate medication and will be aware of appropriate therapies.

Impacts of unifying urban and rural residents’ medical insurance on the hospitalisation expenses of rural patients in eastern China: an interrupted time series analysis

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the impact of the Urban and Rural Residents’ Basic Medical Insurance scheme on hospitalisation expenses of rural patients in eastern China, which unified separate healthcare systems for...

Marketing Strategy Of Jeruju (Acanthus Ilicifolius) Tea Products In Harapan Mandiri, Kebumen, Central Java

The problem that Harapan Mandiri is facing is the lack of consumer buying interest in original Jeju tea products. For this reason, Harapan Mandiri is able to change this condition through product innovation using additional ingredients such as ginger and rosella flowers in the hope of attracting consumer interest. The purpose of this research is to make innovative products to increase sales turnover. The results of the study show the following business analysis: With an investment cost of 6,032,000, fixed costs 2,060,000, variable costs 4,660,000, total expenses 6,720,000/month, revenue costs Rp. 15,000,000, profit/loss Rp. 7,240,000, R/C ratio 2.07, B/C ratio 1.07, BEP price 6,720, BEP production 265 packs. The marketing strategy carried out by Harapan Mandiri in developing its business products is by promoting products more frequently to various community association forums so that people are more familiar with Jeju tea products with the addition of ginger and rosella flowers, always updated with the times so as not to be left behind by market competition. by developing flavor variants in tea and updating packaging to make it more attractive to consumers' purchasing power, collaborating with partnerships so that they can increase marketing relations and collaboration in advancing business and building public trust by maintaining quality taste and product quality.

Can an Increase in Delivery Medical Fees Prevent the Collapse of the Maternity Infrastructure System?

In an era of low fertility, the maternity infrastructure system has collapsed steeply and the number of obstetrically underserved areas has increased. To improve the maternity infrastructure, the Yoon Suk Yeol administration has announced the introduction of an essential medical support policy centered on introducing an additional delivery medical fee. The core of the essential medical policy for labor and delivery is the addition of regional medical fees, safety policy additional fees, and infectious disease-controll policy additional fees to the existing labor and delivery medical fees. The government's delivery medical additional fees will vary according region, with 200% increase in metropolitan cities, 300% increase in nonmetropolitan cities, and an additional 100% increase in the event of an infectious disease outbreak. After analyzing the government's plan to support additional fees, it is estimated that the total delivery expenses will be increased by Korean won (KRW) 236,619,748,266, and KRW 485,872,173 per maternity hospital. Even though this support plan is expected to help maintain maternity hospitals, this plan has limitations in small maternity hospitals in metropolitan cities and maternity hospitals for high-risk pregnant women. This is because the government's support policy is based on the "medical payment system by action," which is less effective in rural maternity hospitals with fewer deliveries and in training hospitals that mainly treat high-risk pregnant women rather than simple deliveries. Additionally, given the expected decline in the number of births in the future, it is estimated that the total delivery medical fees will steadily decline, as will the income per maternity hospital. To maintain a sustainable maternity infrastructure, it is essential to introduce the medical fees for operating a maternity delivery room that can be maintained, the medical fees for high-risk pregnancies, and various salary and protection support policies for obstetricians and nurses in addition to delivery medical fees.

Revenue Collection and Division-Wise National Budget Allocation of the Government of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a developing country, but its inequality is increasing gradually due to improper budget allocation. This study is conducted to evaluate revenue collection, the national budget along with the division-wise allocation in Bangladesh. Data for this study has been collected from the websites of the finance ministry and Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. From the tax sector, Bangladesh collected 81.5% of revenue in 2021 and has planned to collect 88.9% in 2023. The government is expecting more earnings from the tax sector. The budget deficit of the country was -28.1% of expenses in 2021 and might be 35.7% of expenses in 2023. The increasing budget deficit is creating a fiscal burden on the economy. The country spent 18.7%, 14.8%, and 12.0% in public service, education, and interest payment, respectively, in the revised budget for 2022. Bangladesh should increase the budget allocation in agriculture, health, and housing sectors to promote sustainable development, and it should cut allocation in interest payment, public service, and defense sectors to reduce the budget deficit. Policymakers of Bangladesh may use this study to the allocate national budget and collect revenue in the future. The study considered the total expense of 15 divisions, so further study is required involving operating and developing expenses among different sub-divisions for a better understanding of the national budget allocation of Bangladesh.

A novel hybrid meta‐heuristic‐oriented latency sensitive cloud object storage system

SummaryCloud providers must find out how to properly arrange data in a limited count of servers while ensuring latency assurances to reduce total storage expenses. Timeout is also important to consider because it has a substantial impact on response latency. The core aim of this task is to implement a new cloud object storage system strategy that handles challenges like “latency‐sensitive data allocation, latency‐sensitive data re‐allocation, and latency‐sensitive workload consolidation.” The main contribution here is that distributing the latency of the cloud object storage system allows for better data allocation, data reallocation, and workload consolidation. The primary aim is to use the fewest number of servers feasible to fulfill all requests while maintaining their latency requirements, lowering the overall data transmission cost. As a consequence, Whale Butterfly Optimization Method (WBOA) is a novel hybrid meta‐heuristic algorithm that solves NP‐hard problems by combining baseline advanced algorithms. The simulation outcomes reveal that the offered paradigm consistently provides the greatest outcomes regarding throughput utilization, lower latency, higher storage, and number of used nodes when compared to competing techniques.