Total Erythrocyte Count Research Articles

Effect of zinc on some selected blood parameters and reproductive performance of male mice

Background: The effect of zinc supplementation on birth weight, litter size, total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin estimation, total leukocyte count (TLC), blood glucose level, abnormal sperm count and histopathology of testis in mice was evaluated. Methods: 45 albino mice were randomly divided into 3 equal groups viz. control group, A; 10 mg zinc/kg feed treated group, B; 20 mg zinc/kg feed treated group, C. Each group was comprised of 10 male mice and 5 female mice. Then they are allowed to breed for about 25 days. After breeding males were withdrawn from each group and treated with zinc for 30 days. Then male mice were transferred back to female cage and were allowed to breed for 25 days. Results: Mice of group B and C showed a significant increase (p<0.01) in total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), hemoglobin content, litter size and decreased abnormal sperm count. No significant increase in body weight, even a decrease in glucose content was recorded in group B and birth weight was found increased in group C. In the histopathological study, no significant change found with different doses of zinc supplementation except reactive cell infiltration and slight tissue degeneration in the mice fed with 20 mg zinc supplement/kg feed was recorded. Conclusion: Supplementing zinc @ 10-20 mg/kg feed was found to enhance hematological parameters, increase litter size and decrease abnormal sperm count in mice.

Comparative haematology of two breeds of dog: Labrador retriever and German shepherd

The study focuses on two breeds of dog namely Labrador retriever and German shepherd to investigate the different haematological parameters. Blood samples were collected from these two breeds of dog, and haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were investigated. Though literatures on haematological profiling of dogs are in record, a comparative study between two breeds namely Labrador retriever and German has not been explained adequately. So, this study was undertaken to establish a comparative analysis of haematological parameters of two breeds of dog. Sex-wise variations in the haematological values as well as a significant correlation between different parameters have been reported in these two breeds of dog.

A clinical study of equine trypanosomosis in Kerala

This study was done on three female Marwari horses 3, 4 and 5 years old from Pookkottur, Areekode and Mankada (Case no. 1, 2 and 3 respectively) in Malappuram district of Kerala. The mares showed inappetance, lethargy, weight loss, scanty and watery faeces, yellowish discoloration of urine and hind limb weakness. Physical examination was carried out and blood samples were collected for laboratory investigation. Clinical examination revealed, all the animals were debilitated with pale and moist mucous membrane, pyrexia, prolonged capillary refill time, tachypnoea and tachycardia. Laboratory investigation revealed the presence of Trypanosoma sp. in all the three cases. Haematological examination revealed low Haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and Total Erythrocyte Count. The treatment was done using Diminazine aceturate (7 mg/kg bodyweight, intramuscular), two doses in 7 days interval. A screening done after a week revealed all mares were free from parasite. All mares had an uneventful recovery.

Evaluation of Cadmium Chloride-Induced Toxicity in Chicks Via Hematological, Biochemical Parameters, and Cadmium Level in Tissues.

Cadmium is a heavy metal and a non-biodegradable environmental contaminant, and its omnipresence ensures its recurrent exposure to humans and animals. Its intake by chicks leads to fatal implications. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) because of its bio-accumulative nature is an emerging threat to the poultry industry as well as to the humans which consumes these cadmium-intoxicated chickens. In the current study, the target was to elucidate the toxic effects of CdCl2on body weight, hematological, and biochemical parameters as well as its bioaccumulation in different organs of broiler chicks. Various concentrations of CdCl2 (0, 12, 24, 38, and 48mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to five groups (A, B, C, D, and E)of broiler chicks, respectively. The biometric screening of the exposed birds was carried out by hematological parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total protein, white blood cells (WBC), and hemoglobin (Hb), as well as biochemical parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with commercially available kits. Metal accumulation in different organs was detected using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The compound exposure produced a varied impact on broiler birds. Hematological parameters showed a significant decrease except for WBC. Biochemical parameters also decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. However, it was revealed that the body weight of chickens was not affected considerably after CdCl2 exposure. A direct relationship was detected between the accumulation of metal within tissues (lungs, heart, and flesh) and exposure frequency. It can be deducedthat an increase in Cd deposition in tissues may lead to an alteration in hematological-biochemical markers which may significantly contribute to systemic toxicity in broilers.

Toxic Impact of Zinc Salt (ZnSO4) on Some Haematological Parameters in a Freshwater Mud Eel Amphipnous cuchia (Hamilton, 1822)

Background: Zinc (Zn), a heavy metal present in aquatic environment, has toxic effect on fishes. Present study was to assess toxicity of Zinc salt (ZnSO4) on total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) content (g/dl) and haematocrit value (PCV%) of blood of freshwater mud eel Amphipnous cuchia. Methods: Live fishes collected from ponds were acclimatized in laboratory. TEC, Hb content and PCV% of blood samples collected after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days, of control fishes and fishes exposed to low (0.5mg/l) and high (1mg/l) concentrations of ZnSO4, were determined by standard methods. Result: TEC, Hb content and PCV% varied respectively from 2.48 x 106/mm3 to 2.70 x 106/mm3, 12.02 g/dl to 12.30 g/dl and 28.50 % to 33.60 % in fishes in low and from 2.36 x 106/mm3 to 2.60 x 106/mm3, 11.82 g/dl to 12.20 g/dl and 26.20 % to 31.50 % in fishes in high concentration of ZnSO4 solution, showing decreasing trend in all three blood parameters vis-a-vis their control values viz. TEC (2.74 x 106/mm3), Hb content (12.60 g/dl) and PCV% (34.50 %), decrease being more prominent in fishes exposed to high than those to low concentration. The depletion in these blood parameters may be attributed to the haemotoxic characteristics of Zinc (Zn).

Studies on Biomarkers of Hepatic Lipidosis in Transition Cows with Special Reference to Liver Ultrasonograhy, Liver Specific Enzymes and Acute Phase Proteins

Background: Use of novel biomarkers is the need of hour for prediction and early diagnosis of bovine production diseases such as hepatic lipidosis (HL). Liver ultrasonography and estimation of liver specific enzymes activities have been successfully used for diagnosis of HL. However, use of inflammatory mediator like tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF–á) or acute phase proteins (APPs) like C reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) as biomarkers of HL has not been elucidated. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate liver ultrasonography and serum APPs concentrations as early predictive biomarkers of bovine HL. Methods: This study included one hundred one (101) multiparous crossbred cows in advanced pregnancy from dairy farm in Punjab, India. The cows were grouped according to their transition stage i.e., Far off dry (FOD), close up dry (CUD) and Fresh (F). Liver ultrasonography along with hemato-biochemical analysis and estimation of acute phase proteins was carried out during different stages of transition period. Result: This study included 101 cows, of which 71 (70.3%) had ultrasonographic features of normal liver and 30 (29.7%) had ultrasonographic features of HL (Grade I, 10 cows; Grade II, 12 cows; Grade III, 8 cows). Cows with HL had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total plasma protein (TPP), glucose, total calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) and significantly higher levels of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), beta hydroxyl butyric acid (BHBA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF–á, CRP, SAA and Hp compared to the negative controls. The APPs, liver ultrasonography, liver enzymes along with NEFA and BHBA could be used as biomarkers for prediction and early diagnosis of HL in cows.

Prevalence and hematological parameters of bovine Trypanosomosis in Nsukka municipal abattoir, Southeastern Nigeria

The prevalence and hematological parameters of trypanosomosis in slaughter cattle in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria, were investigated. Blood samples from 200 randomly selected cattle were collected following slaughter into labeled sample bottles with anticoagulant. The sex and breed of the sampled cattle were properly noted. Standard trypanosome detection techniques involving wet blood film examination, buffy coat technique, examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears, and mice inoculation were used to detect and identify the trypanosome species present. The hematological parameters—packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (HbC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)—were determined following standard procedures. A prevalence rate of 1.5% (95% CI = 0.005–0.043) was obtained for bovine trypanosomosis in Nsukka with 1% (95% CI = 0.003–0.036) and 0.5% (95% CI = 0.001–0.028) prevalence rates in female and male cattle, respectively. Whereas a prevalence rate of 1.5% (95% CI = 0.005–0.043) was recorded in the White Fulani breed, the Sokoto Gudali had 0% prevalence rate. The prevalence recorded in this study was not associated (P ˃ 0.05) with sex or breed. The mean PCV, HbC, TEC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and TLC values of the infected cattle differed (P < 0.05) from that of the uninfected cattle. In conclusion, trypanosomosis is prevalent in cattle slaughtered in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria, with associated hematological changes. Hence, the need for the adoption and implementation of national trypanosomosis integrated control strategies.

Evaluation of Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Dromedary Camel during the Different Stages of Lactation

Objective: To assess the potential hematobiochemical alterations in healthy dromedary camel during the different stages of lactation. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Fifteen healthy female dromedary camels, with mean body weight of 499.6 kg and mean age of 20 years. Procedures: Camels were categorized into 3 groups' according to their stage of lactation: group 1, early lactation (1-3 months), group 2, mid-lactation (four-6 months) and group3, late lactation (≥ 7 months). Blood samples were collected from every animals for hematological and biochemical evaluation. Results: Total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), total leukocytes (TLC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, Calcium, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) confirmed significant (p &lt; 0.05) variation between different stages of lactation. However, non-notable (p &gt; 0.05) dissimilarity were located in packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), in organic phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), cholesterol, total protein (TP), albumen, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine kinase (CK) in the course of different ranges of lactation, Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results of this investigation may be useful as reference guide for dromedary camel to evaluate the metabolic health status at different stages of lactation.

Evaluation of Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Dromedary Camel during the Different Stages of Lactation

Objective: To assess the potential hematobiochemical alterations in healthy dromedary camel during the different stages of lactation. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Fifteen healthy female dromedary camels, with mean body weight of 499.6 kg and mean age of 20 years. Procedures: Camels were categorized into 3 groups' according to their stage of lactation: group 1, early lactation (1-3 months), group 2, mid-lactation (four-6 months) and group3, late lactation (≥ 7 months). Blood samples were collected from every animals for hematological and biochemical evaluation. Results: Total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), total leukocytes (TLC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, Calcium, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) confirmed significant (p 0.05) dissimilarity were located in packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), in organic phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), cholesterol, total protein (TP), albumen, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine kinase (CK) in the course of different ranges of lactation, Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results of this investigation may be useful as reference guide for dromedary camel to evaluate the metabolic health status at different stages of lactation.

Adaptogenic and Immunomodulatory Activity of Ashwagandha Root Extract: An Experimental Study in an Equine Model.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal.) is an important “Rasayana” of Ayurveda. The roots are extensively used as an adaptogen and for different health issues. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-stimulating effects of Ashwagandha are well-documented. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ashwagandha root extract as an adaptogen against various types of stress in horses. A total of 24 Kathiawari horses were selected and randomly divided into four groups. All the horses were provided with normal feed and water ad libitum. Group 1 (G1) was treated as the control group, and the horses were given a normal diet. Group 2 (G2), Group 3 (G3), and Group 4 (G4) horses received varying doses of Ashwagandha root extract along with the normal diet. All the animals were subjected to different types of stress including exercise-induced stress, separation, and noise stress on three different days and evaluated for various hematological, biochemical, hormonal, and immunological parameters. Over the 21 days, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, hemoglobin content, lymphocyte percentage, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activities was observed. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in cortisol, epinephrine, glucose, triglycerides, creatinine, IL-6, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase was observed in the Ashwagandha treated groups (G2, G3, and G4) when compared to the control group (G1). The results suggest that Ashwagandha root extract has potent hemopoietic, antioxidant, adaptogenic, and immune-stimulant properties.

DietaryHouttuynia cordataleaf extract and meal enhances the immunity and expression of immune genes inLabeo rohita(Hamilton, 1822)

A feeding trial was conducted to explore the effect of dietary Houttuynia cordata leaf extract (HCLE) and leaf meal (HCLM) on immunological responses and expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Six isonitrogenous (350 g/kg CP) and isocaloric (17 MJ/kg DE) purified experimental diets were formulated with Houttuynia cordata leaf extract and leaf meal comprising control, C (0 g/kg HCLE and HCLM), E2.5 (2.5 g/kg HCLE), E5 (5 g/kg HCLE), E10 (10 g/kg HCLE), M10 (10 g/kg HCLM) and M20 (20 g/kg HCLM). Labeo rohita fingerlings (3.37 ± 0.23 g) were distributed in six experimental groups in triplicates following the complete random distribution. Fish were fed twice daily with respective experimental diets for a period of 60 days. A significantly (p < .05) lower lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were registered in supplemented groups compared with control group, while respiratory burst and lysozyme activities were significantly (p < .05) higher in E10 group compared with other experimental groups. Haemoglobin, total leucocyte count, total erythrocyte count and haematocrit values were significantly (p < .05) higher in E10 group. The expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in both the kidney and liver was significantly up-regulated in leaf extract and meal supplemented groups with the highest expression in the fish of E10 group. Overall, these results suggest that the dietary supplementation of ethanolic extract of the Houttuynia cordata leaf at 10 g/kg level can enhance the immune response of L. rohita fingerlings.

Epidemiology and Haemato-Biochemical Changes in Mange Infested Camels

Mange in camel, also named as sarcopticosis is defined as an extremely contagious skin disease characterized by scab formation, pruritic dermatitis, thickening and corrugation of skin and hair loss. A total of 21 positive cases of mange infestation were selected from those presented at the Veterinary Clinical Complex of the College, in Anand and from surrounding villages. The affected camels were divided into 3 groups, viz., B, C, D each group comprised of 7 camels, while seven healthy camels in group A served as control. The maximum prevalence of sarcoptic mange among infected animals was found in the age group of &gt;6 years (52.38 %), followed by 4-6 years (38.09 %) and in less than 3 years age groups (9.52 %), and also in females than the males (85.71 vs 14.29%). The levels of haematological values, viz., haemoglobin, total erythrocytes count, packed cell volume, neutrophils, basophils, MCV and MCH were found to be significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased, whereas the total leukocytes count, lymphocytes and eosinophils were increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in mange affected camel as compared to healthy ones. The biochemical constituents, viz., total serum protein, alanine aminotransferase and zinc concentrations were found significantly (p less than 0.05) lower. In contrast, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and copper concentrations were increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in mange affected camels. The changes reflected that the mange infestation causes hepatocellular and renal damage, apart from general stress to the camel.

Effects of Curcuma Zedoaria (Shoti) on Growth Performance and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters in Broiler

The experiment was conducted on “Cobb-500” broiler chicks to study the effects of Curcumazedoaria (shoti) on growth performances and haemato-biochemical parameters. A total of twentybroilers chicks (16 days old) were randomly divided into five equal groups (n=4). Three groups ofbroilers fed shoti powder at the rate of 10%; 20%; 30% (w/w) with other ingredients for 22 days.Broilers chicks fed on maize-soybean were considered as positive control while non-protein controlwas regarded as negative control. The results showed that body weight of broilers fed 10% and 20%shoti meal grew very close to those of control (maize-soybean) group. After having completed thefeeding trial, the birds were sacrificed to collect blood sample for and biochemical analysis .Weightsof different organs and length of intestine were also measured. Results showed that decreaseddressed weight, weight of skin and liver were found in 30% shoti treated group compared to proteincontrol group. Intestinal weight was highest in 30% shoti treated group but length was similar to theprotein control group. Total erythrocytes count, hemoglobin content and PCV value were founddecreased in shoti treated group compared to protein control group but ESR value was highest in10% shoti treated group. Total cholesterol was found to be decreased in the birds fed on shoticompared to protein control and significantly higher than non-protein control group. Triglyceride valuedecreased in 10% shoti treated group compared to protein and non-protein control group. IncreasedHDL value was found in 10% shoti treated group compared to control groups and 20 % and 30 %shoti treated groups. Result of this experiment showed that body weight of birds significantly (p&lt;0.05)increased in all shoti treated groups. Further investigations are necessary by using differentpercentages of shoti and other shoti type feed to determine the effects of this feed supplement onanimal’s physiology.&#x0D; Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 293-301, August 2020

Haematological Parameters and its Relationship with Faecal Egg Count and FAMACHA© Score in Haemonchus contortus Naturally Infected Goats

Haemonchus contortus is considered as main gastrointestinal parasite causing anaemia and hypoproteinemia in ruminants. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between haematological parameters with duo of faecal egg count and FAMACHA© score in goats predominantly infected with Haemonchus contortus. A total number of 100 goats were divided into five groups [Group I (EPG 100-300), II (EPG 400-600), III (EPG 700-1000), IV (EPG 1100-1200) and V (EPG 1300 and above)]. Results revealed a highly significant (P<0.01) negative correlation between EPG and FAMACHA© score with haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and total erythrocyte count (TEC). Mean values of Hb, PCV and TEC were declined in groups with increase in EPG and highly significant (P<0.01) differences were observed between all groups. Highly significant (P<0.01) and negative correlations were observed between TLC, lymphocyte, monocyte with duo of EPG and FAMACHA© scores whereas correlations between EPG, FAMACHA© score with both of neutrophil and eosinophil were highly significant (P<0.01) and positive. However, EPG and FAMACHA© score with basophil were showed significant (P<0.05) and negative correlation. The mean values of TLC were declined in groups having higher worms load. In DLC, the mean values of both neutrophil and eosinophil were elevated but lymphocyte and monocyte values were decreased with the increase in worm burden. Significant (P<0.01) differences were observed in values of TLC and DLC between all groups but, no significant difference was observed for monocyte between group-I and II and for basophil between group-II and IV; and group-III and V.

Clinico-pathological Evaluation of PPR in a Flock of Ganjam Sheep and Goat in Odisha

Present study was aimed to investigate the mortality among a flock of Ganjam sheep and goat during December, 2016 in Odisha. These breed of small ruminant mostly reared in nomadic pattern by certain “Gola” community with native tract mostly in south-eastern and eastern-ghat of agroclimatic zones in Odisha with hot and humid climate. Clinical signs and gross lesions as observed among the animals were indicative of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). There was nearly 90% morbidity and 42.22% mortality. Higher mortality was recorded among the weaners (~ 63%) followed by kids (~ 42%). Blood examination revealed anemia with significantly (p ≤0.05) decrease in total erythrocyte counts (TEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) through t-test. Affected animals showed leucocytosis with nutrophillia and lymphopaenia. Statistically significant (p ≤0.05) alterations in various serum biochemical parameters were evident in morbid animals. At necropsy, typical lesions were erosive as well as hemorrhagic lesions in buccal mucosa, abomasums and intestine along with fibrinous bronchopneumonia. Histopathological changes were mostly infiltrations of inflammatory cells, syncytia and presence of intranuclear and /or intracytoplasmic eosinophillic inclusions in epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, lungs and hepatocytes.

Seasonal Variations in Growth and Physiological Parameters Along with its Relationship with Various Haemato-Biochemical and Mineral Profiles in Black Bengal Goats in Free Range Rearing System

Determining animal growth and physiological parameters, their inter-relationship and correlation with various haemato-biochemical and mineral profile during summer and winter seasons in present climatic conditions are imperative for defining genetic potential and adaptation of black Bengal breed for higher meat production. The recorded body weight was found positively correlated with (P ≤ 0.01)height, heart girth and, linear length during both summer and winter season, indicating that they can be used to estimate body weight in black Bengal goats of different ages under field conditions where scales are not usually available. The pulse rate was found to be negatively correlated with (P ≤ 0.01)body weight during both the summer and winter season. Total erythrocyte count (TEC) was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05)with the weight during summer but positively (P ≤ 0.01) during the winter season.

Potassium Diformateas Feed Additive to Enhance the Performance of Immune System on Giant Gourami Fingerlings (Osphronemus goramy Lacepede, 1801)

This research aims to determine the optimum dose of potassium diformate (KDF) which is added to commercial feed to improve the immune performances of giant gourami fingerlings. The research was conducted in October – December 2019 in Aquaculture Laboratories and Biotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments are addition of potassium diformate in feed with a dose of 0% (A), 0,3% KDF (B), 0,5% KDF (C) and 0,8% KDF (D).The giant gouramimaintained for 40 days. The observed parameters are total leukocytescount, total erythrocytescount, differential leukocytes, and water quality. The data of total leukocytes, total erythrocytes were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, while differential leukocytes and water quality are analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the addition of 0.3% potassium diformate is the most effective to improve the immune performances of giant gourami fingerlings. During 40 days of treatments, total leukocytes count increased 25% from6.55×104 cells/mm3 to 8.74×104 cells/mm3, total erythrocytes countincreased 10.03% from 1.28 ×106 cells/mm3 to 1.43×106 cells/mm3. Potassium diformate treatment 0.3% was an effective dose to stimulate differential leukocytes of gourami fingerlings are triggered to enhance the immune system.

Effectiveness of Potassium Diformate on Feed to Improve Immune Performance of Goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)

This research aims to determine the optimum potassium diformate (KDF) dosage which was added to feed to increase the immune status of goldfish (Carassius auratus L). This study was conducted from September 31 - November 15, 2019 at the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Padjadjaran. The research method used is the experimental Complete Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments are A (without KDF/control), B (0.1% KDF), C (0.3% KDF) and D (0.5% KDF). The observed parameters are survival rate, total leukocyte count (white blood cells), total erythrocyte count (red blood cells) and gross clinical sign. Observations were made after 30 days of KDF and post-test challenge by Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. Data on the number of total leukocyte count and total erythrocyte count were analyzed using F test and Duncan's advanced test at a 95% confidence level, while the gross clinical sign data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the KDF 0.3% was the optimum dose and was very effective in optimizing the performance of the goldfish immune system optimally, seen from the number of white blood cells and red blood cells which experienced the highest increase of 23.48% and 9.30%. After the challenge test, fish that were given KDF 0.3% had the highest survival rate of 46.67%. In addition, the process of recovering the number of white blood cells and red blood cells can be faster than other treatments, with a value of 12.85×104 cells mm3-1 and 0.96×106 cells mm3-1, marked also by the healing of clinical symptoms in the morphology of goldfish.

Differential effects of testosterone on circulating neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets in men: Findings from two trials.

Testosterone treatment increases erythrocytes in men, but its effects on leukocyte and platelet counts are unknown and could affect its safety. To determine whether testosterone affects circulating leukocytes and platelets in men. Secondary analyses of two randomized testosterone trials were performed: the 5α-reductase (5aR) and OPTIMEN trials. In 5aR trial,102 healthy men, 21-50years (mean age 38), received a long-acting GnRH agonist, and 50, 125, 300, or 600mg/week testosterone enanthate (TE) plus placebo or 2.5mg/ day dutasteride for 20weeks. In OPTIMEN, 78 functionally limited men, ≥65years (mean age 72) with protein intake≤0.83gkg-1 day-1 , were randomized to controlled diets with 0.8gkg-1 day-1 protein or 1.3gkg-1 day-1 protein plus placebo or TE (100mg/week) for 6months.Changes from baseline in total and differential leukocyte count, and platelet count were evaluated. In 5aR, testosterone administration was associated with increases in total leukocyte (estimated change from baseline 40, 490, 1230, and 1280 cells/µL, P<.001), neutrophil (65.1, 436.1, 1177.2, and 1192.2 cells/µL, P<.001), monocyte (-20.2, 24.5, 90.6, and 143.9 cells/µL, P<.001), platelet (-7.3, 8.4, 8.7, and 8.9×103 cells/µL, P=.033), and erythrocyte counts. Testosterone did not affect absolute lymphocyte count. Similar increase in total leukocyte count was observed with testosterone treatment in OPTIMEN (change 0.77×103 cells/µL, P vs placebo=0.004). Testosterone administration in men differentially increases neutrophil and monocyte counts. These findings, together with its erythropoietic effects, suggest that testosterone promotes the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors into the myeloid lineage. These findings have potential mechanistic, therapeutic, and safety implications.

Numerical and Morphological Alterations in Erythrocytes of Pesticide Induced Indian Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

The objective of the present study was to detect the erythrocyte alterations in freshwater teleost fish <i>Heteropneustes fossilis</i> (Bloch) exposed to different sub-lethal concentrations of organophosphate pesticide Nuvan on different time intervals. The 96 h LC50 value of Nuvan was estimated by using log-dose probit regression line method. On the basis of LC50 value, the sub-lethal concentrations were determined as 0.26 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L and 0.43 mg/L which are 1/25, 1/20 and 1/15 of LC50 respectively. Well acclimated fishes were exposed to these different concentrations of Nuvan for 60 days. The fishes from both control and treated group were sacrificed after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days and blood samples were collected. Total erythrocyte count (TEC) was calculated by standard method and blood smear slides were prepared in both the groups. It was observed that total erythrocyte count (TEC) in pesticide treated fish decreases besides they show morphological changes when compared to their control sets.<div><br></div>