Total Daily Food Research Articles

Quantifying Turkana’s wild edible plants’ contribution to critical micronutrient and dietary diversity among women of reproductive age

ABSTRACT This study explored wild edible plants’ (WEPs) contribution to dietary diversity and micronutrient intakes of women in Turkana County using a multi-method quantitative research design. In addition to the nutrient composition analysis of four vegetable plants and one edible fruit collected from the wild, two survey rounds were conducted – in 2020 during COVID (n = 360) and in 2022 during extreme drought (n = 600), to collect dietary intake data of women using 24-h recall. The study revealed that WEPs contribute 12% to 30% of the total daily food intake among women, and 0.6 to 1.4 food groups to dietary diversity, depending on the season. All the five WEPs tested contained on average 0.5 mg zinc, 6.4–25.5 mg iron, and 97.8–330.8 mg calcium per 100 g edible portion. This study demonstrates the significance of WEPs’ nutritional contribution to the Turkana communities’ diets, and their pivotal role during times of food scarcity, and recommends their promotion alongside measures to prevent their overexploitation.

Voluntary Wheel Running an Effective Intervention in the Management of Excessive Food Usage in CD-1 Mice (Mus musculus).

Some mice demonstrate excessive food-grinding behaviors in which food pellets are broken down into crumbs (orts). This is considered abnormal behavior and is undesirable in a research environment, as it is thought to potentially be a stereotypic behavior suggestive of a negative welfare state in these animals. Further, food grinding often necessitates more frequent food and bedding changes. Research outcomes may also be affected if investigators do not exclude food losses due to grinding when measuring food consumption. We hypothesized some mice may excessively grind food in part to expend energy and access to a running wheel would contribute to a reduction in food grinding. Total daily food usage (the combined weight of food consumption and ort production) was measured for 40 d in CD-1 mice that exhibited food grinding. Median daily food usage was compared 10 d before, 20 d during, and 10 d after access to a running wheel. Additional cages of similar food-grinding mice that did not have access to a running wheel were monitored during the same period for comparison. A significant reduction in food usage was observed in 8 out of the 20 d in which mice had access to a running wheel compared with controls (P < 0.05). This reduction was significantly less than the median daily food usage before and after the running wheels were available (P < 0.01). Food usage significantly increased sharply in the 3 d following removal of the running wheel compared with controls during the same period (P < 0.05). A positive correlation between relative humidity and median daily food usage was observed (P < 0.05). Despite fluctuations in relative humidity, providing a running wheel effectively reduced excessive food-grinding behavior.

Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the KNHANES 2016–2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and the risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. MethodsThe study consisted of 22 688 Korean adults ≥19 y of age from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016–2020. The NOVA classification categorizes foods according to the nature, extent, and purpose of industrial processing. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and a modified waist circumference cut-off for Korean adults. We estimated the usual percent total food intake from UPFs. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between UPFs and risk for MetS, adjusted for age, sex, education level, income level, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and total energy intake. We further analyzed the association of UPFs with each component of MetS. ResultsThe median usual percent total food intake from UPFs was 22%, and the midpoint of intake ranged from 3% (quartile 1) to 48% (quartile 4). The group with the highest UPF consumption had a 19% higher risk for developing MetS than the lowest quartile of UPF consumption (odds ratio [OR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.33; Ptrend = 0.006). In analysis of the relationship between UPF intake and MetS components, a higher UPF was associated with an increased risk for hypertension (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01–1.26; Ptrend = 0.037) and abdominal obesity (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07–1.33; Ptrend = 0.001), but had no significant association with other components (hyperglycemia, hypertriacylglycerolmia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, all P > 0.05). ConclusionHigher UPF contribution to total daily food intake is associated with an increased risk for MetS, particularly with a higher risk for hypertension and abdominal obesity.

Food Consumption and Weight Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery with a Minimum of 2 Years Post-surgery.

Eating habits are one of the factors that directly affect weight recurrence after bariatric surgery, and therefore, this study assessed the association between food consumption and weight recurrence in patients who underwent bariatric surgery a minimum of 2 years. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with patients who underwent bariatric surgery a minimum of 2 years through SUS, in the city of Palmas, Tocantins. Food consumption was assessed through two 24-h dietary recalls (R24). The foods were classified into groups by degree of processing following the NOVA classification system. Also, macronutrients and fiber contents were quantified. Anthropometric variables were evaluated and weight recurrence (WR) was defined as 15%. Ninety-three (93) patients participated in the study, being 83.9% female, with mean age of 43.5 ± 9.13 years, mean post-surgery time of 4 years, and 58% present WR. A lower total energy consumption was found in patients without WR compared to those with WR (p = 0.05). Among the WR group, calories from processed foods (p = 0.00) and culinary ingredients (p = 0.05) were higher. However, carbohydrate consumption (percentage) was lower in the WR group (p = 0.04). A positive correlation was found between total energy (p = 0.03), processed foods (p = 0.03) and weight recurrence (p = 0.03). Weight recurrence is associated with total daily energy intake, carbohydrates and food groups classified according to NOVA.

Nestling growth rate and food consumption increases under experimentally prolonged daylength in a New World sparrow

When evaluating avian reproduction, life history theory examines the trade‐offs between parental effort, the number and size of offspring, and the rate of nestling development. The growth rates and body sizes of developing birds vary geographically and can diverge with both latitude and migratory strategy. In terms of offspring size, growth rate can deviate in nestlings of the same or similar species due to the correlated influences of weather events, predation pressure, food availability, number of nestmates and parental provisioning. Furthermore, a longer photoperiod for species nesting at higher latitudes increases the duration over which a nestling can be fed each day, and increased nestling provisioning has been positively correlated with growth rate. Whether the amount of time a bird is fed during development drives this variation in growth rate and morphology is unknown. By removing supplemental environmental stressors (e.g. weather, predation) and standardizing feeding rate and environment, we explored the influence of daily duration of nestling provisioning on dark‐eyed junco Junco hyemalis nestlings. We hand‐reared 65 chicks of a sedentary junco subspecies J. h. carolinensis under both their natural photoperiod and the longer photoperiod of a closely related migratory subspecies J. h. hyemalis and compared growth rate, mass, morphology and the amount of food consumed. Average growth rate, fasted mass, wing length and total daily food consumption were all greater in birds hand‐reared under the longer, more northern photoperiod treatment. These findings suggest that increased daily photoperiod at higher latitudes may allow for greater total food provisioning and thus may play a role in the ability of parents in compressed breeding seasons to produce high quality offspring. This points to a trade‐off between provisioning effort and nestling growth rate in lower latitude (shorter photoperiod) populations and points to an important role of developmental plasticity on growth rate and morphology.

Hubungan riwayat sarapan pagi, tingkat kecukupan gizi makro dan status gizi dengan prestasi belajar anak di SD Inpres Lili Kabupaten Kupang

Breakfast is a very important mealtime, representing 15-25% of the total daily energy intake or 15-30% of the total daily nutrient intake to achieve a healthy, active, and intelligent life. Nutritional status has a significant influence on the level of intelligence and understanding of lessons in the classroom; if a child's nutritional status is insufficient or even poor, it affects the incompleteness of subject understanding and weakens learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to analyze the history of breakfast, adequacy of macronutrients, and nutritional status with the academic achievement of children at Inpres Lili Elementary School, Kupang Regency. This type of research is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was determined using purposive sampling method, which consisted of 137 students from Inpres Lili Elementary School, Kupang Regency. Statistical tests used were Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression. Bivariate analysis results show a significant relationship between breakfast (p=0.000), level of macronutrient adequacy (p=0.000), and nutritional status (p=0.000) with academic achievement. Multivariate analysis results show that the history of breakfast, adequacy of macronutrients, and nutritional status are significantly related to academic achievement. Therefore, schools should implement routine nutritional and health monitoring programs and provide counseling or training on balanced nutritious food consumption.

Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus gasseri supplementation reduces stress-induced sugar craving in mice.

Increased intake of sweets or sugar craving may occur in response to chronic stress representing a risk factor for development of eating disorders and obesity. However, no safe treatment of stress-induced sugar craving is available. In this study we analysed effects of two Lactobacillus strains on food and sucrose intake in mice before and during their exposure to a chronic mild stress (CMS). C57Bl6 mice were gavaged daily for 27days with a mix of L. salivarius (LS) LS7892 and L. gasseri (LG) LG6410 strains or with 0.9% NaCl as a control. Following 10days of gavage, mice were individually placed into the Modular Phenotypic cages, and after 7days of acclimation were exposed to a CMS model for 10days. Food, water and 2% sucrose intakes as well as meal pattern were monitored. Anxiety and depressive-like behaviour were analysed by standard tests. Exposure of mice to CMS was accompanied by increased size of sucrose intake in the control group likely reflecting the stress-induced sugar craving. A consistent, about 20% lower total sucrose intake, was observed in the Lactobacilli-treated group during stress which was mainly due to a reduced number of intakes. Lactobacilli treatment also modified the meal pattern before and during the CMS, showing a decrease of meal number and an increase of meal size with a tendency of reduced total daily food intake. Mild anti-depressive behavioural effects of the Lactobacilli mix were also present. Supplementation of mice with LS LS7892 and LG LG6410 decreases sugar consumption suggesting a potential utility of these strains against stress-induced sugar craving.

Food Costs of Children and Adolescents Consuming Vegetarian, Vegan or Omnivore Diets: Results of the Cross-Sectional VeChi Youth Study.

The aim was to analyse the total food costs and the impact of food groups on total food costs among vegetarian, vegan and omnivore children and adolescents in Germany. Based on three-day weighed dietary records of 6–18-year-old children and adolescents of the VeChi Youth Study, the total daily food costs and food group costs (both EUR/day, EUR/1000 kcal) of a vegetarian (n = 145 records), vegan (n = 110) and omnivore (n = 135) diet were calculated. Minimum retail prices of 1000 empirically selected foods reported in the dietary records were linked to individual food intakes. The group differences were analysed using ANCOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Vegans had the highest energy adjusted total food costs at 2.98 EUR/1000 kcal, vegetarians the lowest at 2.52 EUR/1000 kcal. Omnivores also had significantly higher costs than vegetarians with 2.83 EUR/1000 kcal/1000 kcal (p = 0.01), but the total costs did not differ significantly between omnivores and vegans (EUR/d and EUR/1000 kcal). Compared to vegetarians, vegans had significantly higher expenditures (EUR/day) on fruit (p = 0.0003), vegetables (p = 0.006), dairy alternatives (p = 0.0003) and legumes/nuts/seeds (p = 0.0003). Expenditure on starchy foods was significantly higher in the vegetarian or vegan than in the omnivore diet (p = 0.0003). Omnivores spent a quarter of their total food costs on animal source foods (25%), which is equivalent to the sum of food costs for legumes/nuts/seeds, dairy alternatives and meat alternatives in vegans and additionally dairy in vegetarians. The VeChi Youth Study indicated that financial constraints are not necessarily a barrier to switching to a more plant-based diet.

Diverse Meals As Basis of a Healthy Total Diet for Children in Germany

ObjectivesA balanced diet is especially important for children and adolescents to meet their nutritional needs. The aim of this study was to use the Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD), a recognized nutritional recommendation for children and adolescents in Germany, to characterize the different meals in terms of their food and nutrient profiles and to determine how these meals complement each other.MethodsThe OMD is based on a 7-day meal plan with the usual 5 daily meals in Germany, i.e., 3 main meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and 2 snacks (mid-morning and afternoon). Foods as well as energy and nutrients were specifically identified for each of the different meals, then averaged over the 7 days, and finally summed for the entire day. Only the energy content of the meals was fixed; all other components resulted from the typical meal pattern. The total daily nutrient intake could then be compared with German nutrient reference values to verify the adequacy of the total diet. Finally, proven meal-based dietary guidelines were derived from the food and nutrient patterns of the optimized meals.ResultsAlthough the hot meal (lunch) provides only 25% of the daily energy intake, it is relatively rich (> 25% of the daily intake) in most vitamins and minerals, which distinguishes it from the other meals. The cold meals (breakfast, dinner) are especially rich in calcium and vitamin B2, due to the preferential use of dairy/milk in these meals. The two optimized snacks have a surprisingly balanced nutrient profile, each contributing nearly 12% of the daily energy intake. This is achieved by enhancing these meals with cereals, raw vegetables and fruits, while allowing foods with low nutrient density, such as sweets and pastries.ConclusionsThis analysis provides comprehensible guidelines for all meals of the day in a proven national guideline for children and adolescents. Meal-based guidelines could help children become accustomed to a healthy, varied diet and facilitate flexible coordination of family meals, as well as provide guidance for daycare and school meals. Variation between and within meals also opens up the possibility of setting different stimulus patterns at different levels (neurocognition, emotion, digestion), which can not only lead to more enjoyment of food but also open up long-term health benefits.Funding SourcesNone.

The integrated intervention of early childhood education and stunting prevention program in increasing pre-school age children's food intake

Introduction: Indonesia's stunting rates are staggering, with more than 30% of stunted children. The government has conducted several stunting treatment programs, but the number of stunted children in Indonesia is still more than 20%. On the other hand, Indonesia has an education system for pre-school children. Stunting prevention can integrate with this system by providing nutrition education to pre-school children. The experiment aims to prevent stunting in children by integrating early childhood education and nutrition education to increase food intake.Methods: The population is pre-school-age children in Bantul Regency Yogyakarta. The research sample was 20 pre-school children given the program and 19 pre-school children in the control group. The integration program was given to children for three months (February - April 2021). The activities are education to improve children's developmental abilities and provide nutrition-related education. The food intake measuring instrument used a food recall analyzed by the Nutri-survey software. Data analysis used central tendency and t-test.Results: The average food intake was still below the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), namely 1064 kcal in the intervention group and 1182 kcal in the control group. However, there was an increase in food intake in total daily food intake, breakfast intake, and dinner with a p-value of 0,001, 0,028, and 0,022, respectively, while at lunch intake, there was no difference with p-value 0,069.Conclusion: The integrated early childhood education and nutrition education programs can increase food intake for pre-school children. Therefore, this program is critical to be continued in all early childhood education systems in Indonesia as one of the stunting prevention programs.

Short term effects of restricted food availability and peripheral leptin injections in redheaded bunting, Emberiza bruniceps

Migratory birds need continued food supply and efficient metabolic machinery to meet high energy demands of the magnanimous feat of flight. Two questions are important i.e. as to 1) how a bird adapts to a temporary food constrain on a daily basis, and 2) how peripheral leptin, an anorectic hormone, impacted feeding and migratory behaviour in buntings? The aim of this study was to induce a non-photoperiodic tweak in the physiology of redheaded buntings through exogenous leptin administration and study its effect on their food intake and migratory behaviour. Groups of male redheaded buntings, Emberiza bruniceps (n=17) were transferred from short (8L: 16D) to long (16L: 8D) days and presented with food only either for first (morning food presence, MFP) or second (evening food presence, EFP) half of the 16h lighted phase, while control group received food ad libitum. Total daily food intake (FI) did not differ significantly between the MFP, EFP and controls, but hourly FI in MFP and EFP indicated increased activity differences based on time of food availability and bird’s tendency to cache food/ recompense for food scarcity during migration. In another experiment, a chemical tweak in bird’s FI was induced by peripheral administration of leptin, to add to current understanding of transition in buntings’ metabolic efficiency during high energy demanding migratory journey. Exogenous leptin appeared to safeguard cadaveric effect of exogenous injection in migrating buntings through promoting blood cholesterol and reduced liver fibrosis. Food restriction in the morning was better responded by buntings than that in evening. Therefore, migratory buntings exhibited diurnal variation in response to food scarcity.

Seasonal diet and microbiome shifts in wild rhesus macaques are better correlated at the level of nutrient components than food items.

Food supply is one of the major drivers of animal behavior, and the gut microbiome is an important mediator between food supply and its effects on physiology. However, predicting the outcome of diet change on microbiome and consequences for the animal has proven extremely challenging. We propose this reflects processes occurring at different scales. Inadequate accounting for the multi-level complexity of nutrition (nutrients, foods, diets) obscures the diet influence on microbiome and subsequently animal. Here, we present a detailed year-round, multi-level analysis of diet and microbiome changes in a wild population of a temperate primate, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Total daily food and nutrient intake of 6 male and 6 female macaques was monitored in each of the 4 seasons (total 120 days observations). For each individual, we found significant variation in the microbiome between all 4 seasons. This response was more strongly correlated with changes in macronutrient intake than with food items and much of the response could be explained at the level of 6 ecological guilds-sets of taxa sharing similar responses to nutrient intake. We conclude that study of diet, microbiome, and animal performance in ecology will more effectively identify patterns if diet is recorded at the level of nutrient intake. Although microbiome response to diet does show variation in species-level taxa in response to food items, there is greater commonality in response at the level of guilds. A goal for microbiome researchers should be to identify genes encoding microbial attributes that can define such guilds.

Metabolic and inflammatory functions of cannabinoid receptor type 1 are differentially modulated by adiponectin.

BACKGROUNDAntagonists of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) have been shown to promote body weight loss and improve insulin sensitivity. Cannabinoids decrease adiponectin, and CB1 blocker increase adiponectin. However, the mediators of CB1 actions are not well defined. AIMTo investigate whether the beneficial effects of CB1 inhibition are, at least in part, mediated by adiponectin. METHODSWe compared metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes of wild-type (WT) mice, CB1-null (CB1-/-) and CB1/adiponectin double-knockout (DKO) mice. We assessed the insulin sensitivity using insulin tolerance test and glucose tolerance test, and inflammation using flow cytometry analysis of macrophages. RESULTS CB1 -/- mice exhibited significantly reduced body weight and fat mass when compared to WT mice. While no significance was found in total daily food intake and locomotor activity, CB1-/- mice showed increased energy expenditure, enhanced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and improved insulin sensitivity compared to WT mice. DKO showed no difference in body weight, adiposity, nor insulin sensitivity; only showed a modestly elevated thermogenesis in BAT compared to CB1-/- mice. The metabolic phenotype of DKO is largely similar to CB1-/- mice, suggesting that adiponectin is not a key mediator of the metabolic effects of CB1. Interestingly, CB1-/- mice showed reduced pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in both peritoneal macrophages and adipose tissue macrophages compared to WT mice; in contrast, DKO mice exhibited increased pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in these macrophages compared to CB1-/- mice, suggesting that adiponectin is an important mediator of the inflammatory effect of CB1. CONCLUSIONOur findings reveal that CB1 functions through both adiponectin-dependent and adiponectin-independent mechanisms: CB1 regulates energy metabolism in an adiponectin-independent manner, and inflammation in an adiponectin-dependent manner. The differential effects of adiponectin on CB1-mediated metabolic and inflammatory functions should be taken into consideration in CB1 antagonist utilization.

Association Between Childhood Consumption of Ultraprocessed Food and Adiposity Trajectories in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Birth Cohort

Reports of associations between higher consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPF) and elevated risks of obesity, noncommunicable diseases, and mortality in adults are increasing. However, associations of UPF consumption with long-term adiposity trajectories have never been investigated in children. To assess longitudinal associations between UPF consumption and adiposity trajectories from childhood to early adulthood. This prospective birth cohort study included children who participated in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in Avon County, southwest England. Children were followed up from 7 to 24 years of age during the study period from September 1, 1998, to October 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021. Baseline dietary intake data were collected using 3-day food diaries. Consumption of UPF (applying the NOVA food classification system) was computed as a percentage of weight contribution in the total daily food intake for each participant and categorized into quintiles. Repeated recordings of objectively assessed anthropometrics (body mass index [BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], weight, and waist circumference) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements (fat and lean mass indexes [calculated as fat and lean mass, respectively, divided by height in meters squared] and body fat percentage). Associations were evaluated using linear growth curve models and were adjusted for study covariates. A total of 9025 children (4481 [49.7%] female and 4544 [50.3%] male) were followed up for a median of 10.2 (interquartile range, 5.2-16.4) years. The mean (SD) UPF consumption at baseline was 23.2% (5.0%) in quintile 1, 34.7% (2.5%) in quintile 2, 43.4% (2.5%) in quintile 3, 52.7% (2.8%) in quintile 4, and 67.8% (8.1%) in quintile 5. Among those in the highest quintile of UPF consumption compared with their lowest quintile counterpart, trajectories of BMI increased by an additional 0.06 (95% CI, 0.04-0.08) per year; fat mass index, by an additional 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01-0.05) per year; weight, by an additional 0.20 (95% CI, 0.11-0.28) kg per year; and waist circumference, by an additional 0.17 (95% CI, 0.11-0.22) cm per year. These findings suggest that higher UPF consumption is associated with greater increases in adiposity from childhood to early adulthood. Robust public health measures that promote minimally processed foods and discourage UPF consumption among children are urgently needed to reduce obesity in England and globally.

Consumption of Ready-to-Eat Cereal and Its Associations With Nutrient Intake and Nutrition Adequacy in the United States, NHANES 2017–2018

ObjectivesReady-to-eat cereal (RTEC) has been associated with improved intake of under-consumed nutrients. This study was conducted to examine consumption of RTEC and its association with nutrient intake and nutrition adequacy in the United States using the most recent nationally representative data. MethodsData from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 was used. Participants were classified as RTEC eaters or non-eaters depending on whether RETC was reported in their day-1 dietary recall. Total daily nutrient intake was compared by RTEC consumption status using ANOVA for survey data. Percentages below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for selected vitamins and minerals that are usually fortified in RTEC products were calculated using the National Cancer Institute method as estimate of usual intake. Data were analyzed in children (2–17 y, N = 2135), adults 18–64 y (N = 3675), and older adults (65 y or older, N = 1221) separately. ResultsAmong children, 34% reported RTEC consumption. The percentage of RTEC consumers was 14% in adults 18–64y and 22% in adults 65y or older. Consumption of RTEC was associated with significantly higher intake of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D (all P < 0.05), but not with intake of protein, saturated fat, and vitamin E, in all three groups examined. Children who consumed RTEC also had a significantly lower intake of sodium (2735 mg vs 2929 mg, P = 0.02) and total fat (70 g vs 76 g, P = 0.005) than non-eaters, whereas energy intake was significantly higher in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in adults 18–64y (2390 kcal vs 2171 kcal, P = 0.03) and older adults (2081 kcal vs 1921 kcal, P = 0.03). Percentages below EAR for vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, iron were lower in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in all age groups examined. ConclusionsWe found that consumption of RTEC was associated with higher intake of nutrients to encourage and RTEC consumers were more likely to meet nutrient recommendations compared to RTEC non-consumers. Funding SourcesThe study was supported by Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.

Applicability of the German Food Based Dietary Guidelines for Infancy to Estimate Exposure to Substances in Food – The Example of Erucic Acid

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to use the recommended total daily food amounts of the German ‘Dietary Scheme for the first year of life’ (for the first time) to calculate the potential exposure of substances in the infant diet from a public health perspective. Erucic acid was taken as a concrete example, because the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) recently issued a Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for erucic acid with a special note that vulnerable groups, especially young children, may be particularly at risk of exceeding the TDI. MethodsThe age of about 1 month with the highest consumption per kg body weight was chosen for scenarios for the phase of exclusive milk feeding, the age of about 8 months for the CF phase. Principle of calculation was: erucic acid exposure = food consumption volume per kg bodyweight per day x erucic acid concentration in food (from European studies for breastmilk, EFSA food samples for formula, current German market analysis for rapeseed oil, EU food law). We calculated 6 scenarios for the milk phase (4 formula-feeding, 2 breastfeeding) and 8 scenarios for the CF phase (5 CF + formula-feeding, 3 CF + breastfeeding). ResultsOut of the 14 scenarios, only 3 resulted in exposures in the safe range below the TDI (range 4.4.– 6.0 mg/kg BW). All scenarios assuming either high consumption (p95) or high concentration led to high exceedances of the TDI (range 7.5–26.2 mg/kg BW), especially when using maximum values of EU law for formula or vegetable oils (33.6 and 43.2 mg/kg BW respectively). ConclusionsThe Dietary Scheme proved to be a suitable frame to calculate the potential exposure of substances in foods forming the daily infant diet. The results give cause for concern, as the calculated high exposure to erucic acid in the scenarios occurs during infancy as a particularly sensitive developmental period and results from the food-based recommendations as public health guidelines. Considering the scarcity of data, in addition to the proven low erucic acid concentrations in rapeseed oil in Germany, it is imperative to analyze the erucic acid content of mature breast milk and formula as well. Funding SourcesUnion for the Promotion of Oil and Protein Plants (UFOP, Berlin, Germany).

Abstract LB-279: Multi-grain rice diet decreases risk of breast cancer in Korean women: Results from the Health Examinees study

Abstract Background: Several studies have examined associations between breast cancer risk and individual foods and nutrients. Most studies have evaluated risks associated with individual foods and nutrients, rather than measures of whole-diet. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk for breast cancer. Methods: A total of 93,306 women aged 40-69 years were enrolled in the prospective cohort study in the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study between 2004 and 2013. Information on cancer diagnosis in the eligible cohort was retrieved from the Korea Central Cancer Registry through 31 December 2014. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis of data from a 106-item validated food frequency questionnaire. We conducted a multivariable Cox regression model to obtain the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of breast cancer according to the dietary pattern scores. Results: A total of 359 incident cases of breast cancer occurred over an average follow-up period of 6.3 years. Using a factor analysis, we identified three major dietary patterns, which explained 23.9% of the total variance, based on the daily total food intake (g/day) from 37 food groups: the Vegetables and seaweed pattern (greater intake of yellow-green and other vegetables, seaweed, lean fish, and shellfish), the Flour and meat pattern (greater intake of bread, pizza and hamburger, red meat, and poultry), the White rice and salt fermented fish pattern (greater intake of white rice and salt fermented fish). We found that the women who had higher white rice and salt fermented fish pattern scores tend to have higher risk of breast cancer. Multivariate HR (95% CI) comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles of White rice and salt fermented fish pattern scores was 1.35 (1.00, 1.84) (p for trend = 0.0384). Other two dietary patterns, the Vegetables and seaweed pattern and the Flour and meat pattern, showed no significant association with the breast cancer risk for women. Conclusion: The White rice and salt fermented fish pattern was associated with a increased risk of breast cancer, but further investigation involving subgroup analysis is warranted. Citation Format: Woo-Kyoung Shin, Hwi-Won Lee, Aesun Shin, Jong-koo Lee, Daehee Kang. Multi-grain rice diet decreases risk of breast cancer in Korean women: Results from the Health Examinees study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-279.

Multi-Grain Rice Diet Decreases Risk of Breast Cancer in Korean Women: Results from the Health Examinees Study.

Although a number of studies explain the association between dietary patterns, which take into account that foods are eaten in combination, and breast cancer risk, the findings are inconsistent. We examined the association between dietary patterns and multi-grain rice intake, and the risk of breast cancer in a large-scale prospective cohort study in Korean women. A total of 93,306 women aged 40–69 years from the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study (2004 and 2013) were included. We obtained Information on cancer diagnosis via linkage to the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Factor analysis was conducted to obtain dietary patterns, and Cox proportional models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for breast cancer risk. For 494,490 person-years, 359 new cases of breast cancer occurred. We identified three major dietary patterns, that explained 23.9% of the total variance based on daily total food intake (g/day) from 37 food groups: the meat dietary pattern (higher intake of bread and red meat), the white rice dietary pattern (higher intake of white rice and lower intake of multi-grain rice), and the other pattern. Women who had higher white rice dietary pattern scores had a 35% higher risk of breast cancer, than did women with lower white rice dietary pattern scores (multivariable HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.00–1.84 for the highest vs. lowest quartile of the white rice dietary pattern scores, p for trend = 0.0384). We found that women who consumed three or more servings of multi-grain rice per day had 33% lower risk of breast cancer than did those who consumed one or less multi-grain rice serving per day among women under 50 years of age (multivariable HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.45–0.99, p for trend = 0.0204). Our study suggests that a multi-grain rice diet may be associated with lower risk of breast cancer in Korean women.

Food group intake at self-reported eating occasions across the day: secondary analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey 2011-2012.

To examine core and discretionary food and beverage intake at eating occasions, and to explore the variation in consumption by age and gender in Australian adults and children. The study utilised one 24-h dietary recall with self-reported eating occasions from a nationally representative sample of Australians. Average servings of each food group for age and gender subpopulations were compared with the Australian Dietary Guidelines. The percentage contribution of each eating occasion to total daily food group intake and typical composition of eating occasions were described. Frequently consumed discretionary foods were reported for eating occasions by age and gender. 2011-2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. 12153 Australian people aged 2 years and above. Grains were consumed in equal proportions throughout the day across all age and gender subgroups, while remaining core food groups were unequally distributed, featuring more prominently at specific eating occasions. Children consumed two-thirds of their fruit intake as snacks, and up to three quarters of adults' vegetable and meat intake was consumed at dinner. Children consumed more of their discretionary intake at mid-meals, while adults consumed a greater proportion as part of a main meal. The present study provides a detailed understanding about when food groups are consumed, the 'typical' meal composition across the day, and how consumption patterns and compliance with dietary guidelines differ by age group and gender. These findings can assist in developing more specific nutrition messages which may help to achieve greater improvements in population dietary intake.

Hematological and Feeding Behavior in Lame Dairy Cows

Foot disorders of dairy cattle are associated with low production rates and lead to losses that can reach up to 50% of the productive capacity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the feeding behavior and hematological profile of healthy and lameness dairy cows kept in the compost barn system. Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows, with daily milk production of 46.7 L were divided into two groups: nine animals that had a locomotion score (LS) 2 or more and sole hematoma and another group composed of nine healthy animals. The animals were followed for 10 days and was evaluated the food consumption, milk production and hematological profile. Lame cows presented hematocrit lower than healthy cows (p= 0.04), being 26.4% and 27.7% respectively, and lower concentration (p&lt; 0.05) of total leukocytes (7.96 ± 0.63 x 10.21 ± 0.73). Healthy animals presented greater concentration (p &lt;0.05) of lymphocytes (4.25 ± 0.70) when compared with lameness cows (1.96 ± 0.60). The total daily food consumption was not affect by the health condition, however, when evaluated the milk production, lameness cows showed less milk production than the healthy animals. Thus reflecting, in this result, one of the many direct losses that lameness can bring into the milk production systems.