Total Cycle Research Articles

Optimal Design of PV/WT/Battery Based Microgrid for Rural Areas in Leh Using Dragonfly Algorithm

This study proposes an optimal microgrid design for rural electrification in India’s Leh and Ladakh regions, using wind energy, solar, energy, and battery energy storage system. The Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) is used to calculate the optimal number of microgrid units, and results are compared with popular optimization algorithms such as Grey Wolf optimization (GWO), Differential Evolution (DE), and Discrete Harmony Search (DHS). The optimal design is based on an objective function to minimize the Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) while keeping the loss of power supply probability (LOPSP) as a reliability constraint. Three configuration studies are carried out, with three cases, each with a different maximum permissible LOPSP (LOPSPmax) value. The results show that optimal design and efficient energy management reliably meet the load demand. The energy generated from the proposed microgrid is clean compared to the grid supply, and the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is reduced by 91.2% from Configuration-I, Case-I, which is the most economical configuration. The LCOE obtained from Configuration-I, Case-I is 0.129 $/kWh, the lowest among similar systems available in the literature. To determine the parameter cost with supply, the LCOE and Total life cycle cost (TLCC) sensitivity to LOPSPmax are considered. Furthermore, statistical analysis shows that DA outperforms GWO, DE, and DHS in terms of accuracy and convergence rate.

A Method for Projecting Cloud Shadows Onto a Central Receiver Field to Predict Receiver Damage

This work demonstrates methods of mapping high-spatial-resolution direct normal irradiance (DNI) data from satellites, Total Sky Imagers (TSIs), and analogous data sources onto a heliostat field for characterizing the spatial and temporal variation of the incident flux on a central receiver tower during cloud transient events. The mapping methods are incorporated into an optical software module that interfaces with CoPylot–SolarPILOT’s python API– to provide computationally efficient optical simulation of the heliostat field and the solar power tower. Eventually, this optical model will be incorporated into optimization models whereby a plant operator can understand the effects of cloud transient events on overall power production and receiver lifetime due to creep-fatigue damage and therefore make better informed decisions about receiver shutdown events. By more accurately modelling the effects of cloud events on receiver flux maps, this work may determine the magnitude and frequency of thermal cycling on receiver tubes and panels using actual or realistic cloud shapes instead of averaged DNI values–which may undercount the total cycle number. This work may also prevent unnecessary plant shutdowns due to overly precautionary control strategies and characterize the relative impact of various cloud types on receiver life. We plan to eventually integrate this methodology into the System Advisor Model (SAM) to improve performance model accuracy during periods of cloudiness. In this paper, we demonstrate generating DNI maps and mapping them to a solar field in CoPylot using 10 m resolution data from publicly available Sentinel-2 satellite data over the Crescent Dunes plant.

The Concept and Function of Total Product Life Cycle Management and Risk Classification in Medical Devices Act

The Concept and Function of Total Product Life Cycle Management and Risk Classification in Medical Devices Act

Efficacy outcomes and biomarker analysis from phase II trial of escalating doses of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma ineligible for cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

602 Background: There are no current standard of care options for patients (pts) with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) ineligible for cisplatin-based chemotherapy (cisplatin). This trial investigated the safety and efficacy of escalating doses of neoadjuvant atezolizumab (ATZ) prior to radical cystectomy (RC) (NCT02451423). Methods: This single-arm, single institution, phase II trial investigated treatment with 1 (n=6), 2 (n=6) or 3 (n=11) cycles of ATZ (1200 mg IV every 3 weeks) in pts with MIBC. Key inclusion criteria were urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (T2-T4a,N0-1,M0), cisplatin-ineligibility, and eligibility for RC. High-risk pts (>pT2 or LN+ at RC) could receive adjuvant ATZ for up to 16 total cycles. Primary efficacy endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR; pT0/Ta/TisN0). Secondary endpoints included rate of pathologic downstaging (≤T1N0), 2-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and biomarker assessments of pre and post-treatment biopsies. Pts had RC between 7/2016 and 6/2021. The censor date for survival outcomes was 9/10/2023, representing the final efficacy analysis. Results: A total of 23 pts received ATZ; 1 pt was excluded from efficacy analyses due to lack of confirmed MIBC (≥T2). Among 22 included pts, median age was 70, 74% were men, 83% Caucasian; reasons for cisplatin-ineligibility were renal impairment (37%), hearing loss (27%) or neuropathy (9%); remainder declined cisplatin (27%). At enrollment, cT2/T3/T4 rates were 77%, 14%, and 9%, while 9% were cLN+. All pts completed intended treatment and had RC in the defined timeframe (>3 weeks from last and <12 weeks from first treatment). pCR at RC was 14% (3/22), occurring in pts receiving 1 and 2 cycles of ATZ. Pathologic downstaging (≤pT1N0) was achieved in 23% (5/22), occurring at all three dose levels. Adjuvant ATZ was given to 8 pts. Another 4 pts received off-study adjuvant therapy with cisplatin (3) or nivolumab (1). After median follow-up of 51.4 months from RC, mRFS and mOS were Not Reached. Two-year RFS and OS were 77% and 90%. In 13 pts with available paired pre and post treatment samples, there was significant increase in T-cell % following ATZ (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p<0.05), driven by increase in % and density of CD8+ T-cells (p<0.05). All T-cell populations were significantly more abundant in tumor than in adjacent normal tissue post-treatment but not pre-treatment (CD3+,CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD4+, p<0.001 for all; CD4+FOXP3+, p=0.01). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant ATZ results in durable long-term survival rates in cisplatin-ineligible pts with MIBC. These data are comparable to previously reported trials with immunotherapy based regimens, despite a lower pCR rate. Changes suggestive of T-cell migration into the tumor microenvironment were observed following ATZ treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT02451423 .

NK Cell Levels Correlate with Disease Activity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis on Ocrelizumab/Rituximab Therapy.

Recently, research on the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has focused on the role of B lymphocytes and the possibility of using specific drugs, such as Ocrelizumab and Rituximab, directed toward these cells to reduce inflammation and to slow disease progression. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Ocrelizumab/Rituximab on laboratory immune parameters and identify the predictors of treatment responses. A retrospective single-center study was conducted among patients who received infusion therapy with an anti-CD20 drug to treat MS. A total of 64 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 277 total cycles of therapy studied. Compared with the baseline values, anti-CD20 infusions resulted in absolute-value and percentage decreases in B lymphocyte levels and increased the absolute and percentage levels of NK cells 3 and 5 months after therapy (p < 0.001). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, a reduced percentage level of NK cells 3 months after infusion could predict disease activity 6 months after Ocrelizumab/Rituximab administration (p = 0.041). Lower percentage levels of NK cells 3 months after anti-CD20 infusion correlate with the presence of disease activity 6 months after therapy, confirming a possible protective role of NK cells in MS.

Particle swarm optimization method applied in total life cycle materials allocation of electricity engineering projects in the green and low-carbon supply chain

Abstract Power grid enterprises face the problem of unbalanced supply and demand of power materials and unequal distribution; intelligent allocation of power materials can optimize the distribution and use of power resources through advanced technology and algorithms to ensure the efficient use of energy and stable supply. In this paper, the whole life cycle cost model of power supply chain is constructed and solved by improved particle swarm optimization (PSO). This algorithm combines the advantages of standard PSO and genetic algorithm (GA), avoids their disadvantages effectively, and realizes the effect of complementary advantages. This paper proposes using the sum of the costs associated with warehousing, transportation, and service penalties in the supply chain of electrical power projects as the objective function, thereby achieving the goal of optimal supply chain costs. In this study, the improved PSO algorithm is used to optimize the objective function, and the optimization results are compared with those of standard PSO algorithm and GA, revealing that its convergence is superior to the other two algorithms. Considering the influence of different factors on the cost, the superiority of the improved PSO algorithm is further verified.

Aging later but faster: how StCDF1 regulates senescence in Solanum tuberosum.

In potato, maturity is assessed by leaf senescence, which, in turn, affects yield and tuber quality traits. Previously, we showed that the CYCLING DOF FACTOR1 (StCDF1) locus controls leaf maturity in addition to the timing of tuberization. Here, we provide evidence that StCDF1 controls senescence onset separately from senescence progression and the total life cycle duration. We used molecular-biological approaches (DNA-Affinity Purification Sequencing) to identify a direct downstream target of StCDF1, named ORESARA1 (StORE1S02), which is a NAC transcription factor acting as a positive senescence regulator. By overexpressing StORE1S02 in the long life cycle genotype, early onset of senescence was shown, but the total life cycle remained long. At the same time, StORE1S02 knockdown lines have a delayed senescence onset. Furthermore, we show that StORE1 proteins play an indirect role in sugar transport from source to sink by regulating expression of SWEET sugar efflux transporters during leaf senescence. This study clarifies the important link between tuber formation and senescence and provides insight into the molecular regulatory network of potato leaf senescence onset. We propose a complex role of StCDF1 in the regulation of potato plant senescence.

Simulation of Pressure Swing Adsorption for Oxygen Concentrator Using LiX Zeolite

The existence of oxygen is needed in various fields such as health, industry, aerospace, and energy. Pressure swing adsorption method using zeolite A and X is commonly used in the oxygen separation process. Zeolite LiX is widely used especially in oxygen purification systems from air for medical needs until the purity reach &gt;90%. In the present work the simulation studies of oxygen separation from air using zeolite LiX were investigated by pressure swing adsorption method. This simulation uses 2 beds/4 steps Skarstrom cycle which generally consists of bed pressurization, adsorption, depressurization and desorption. Several variables were studied such as the effect of pressure, cycle time, and temperature to determine the level of product purity. The simulation shows that the increase in oxygen concentration is caused by an increase in operating pressure and total cycle time to obtain maximum results. Meanwhile, large pressures can reduce the efficiency of the adsorbent. The maximum oxygen concentration that can be obtained up to 99%. However, the temperature variation has no significant change. In general, pressure plays the most significant role in oxygen purification.

Harmonizing the post-analytical phase: focus on the laboratory report.

The final, post-analytical, phase of laboratory testing is increasingly recognized as a fundamental step in maximizing quality and effectiveness of laboratory information. There is a need to close the loop of the total testing cycle by improving upon the laboratory report, and its notification to users. The harmonization of the post-analytical phase is somewhat complicated, mainly because it calls for communication that involves parties speaking different languages, including laboratorians, physicians, information technology specialists, and patients. Recently, increasing interest has been expressed in integrated diagnostics, defined as convergence of imaging, pathology, and laboratory tests with advanced information technology (IT). In particular, a common laboratory, radiology and pathology diagnostic reporting system that integrates text, sentinel images and molecular diagnostic data to an integrated, coherent interpretation enhances management decisions and improves quality of care.

Ten years of invitro fertilization in Indonesia: Access to infertility care in a developing country.

This research was conducted to assess access to assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and the current status of the invitro fertilization (IVF) program that have been implemented in Indonesia over the last 10 years. We established a retrospective cohort study and descriptive analysis of the current state of access to infertility care in Indonesia. The data were collected from all IVF centers, clinics, and hospitals in Indonesia from 2011 to 2020, including the number of IVF clinics, total ART cycles, retrieved fresh and frozen embryos, average age of IVF patients, IVF pregnancy rate, and causes of infertility. The number of reported fertility clinics in Indonesia has increased from 14 clinics in 2011 to 41 clinics by 2020. As many as 69 569 ART cycles were conducted over the past 10 years, of which 51 892 cycles used fresh embryos and 17 677 cycles used frozen embryos. The leading cause of consecutive infertility diagnosis was male infertility. Nearly half of the women who underwent IVF procedures (48.9%) were under 35 years old. The pregnancy rate outcome of women who underwent IVF ranged from 24.6% to 37.3%. Developments in ART in Indonesia have led to improvements in the ART cycles performed throughout the 10 year period. The identification of key areas that require improvement can provide an opportunity to enhance access to infertility care.

Enhancing Residential Sustainability: Multi-objective optimization of hydrogen-based multi-energy system

To enhance residential sustainability by providing decarbonized and locally produced energy to a residential district, the relevance of a grid-connected multi-energy system, including PV panels, a battery, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen tank, and a fuel cell, is studied. A model is developed that creates high-resolution, continuous yearly profiles. The model is then utilized in a metaheuristic multi-objective optimization based on total cost and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions to highlight sizing trends. In the results, the most cost-efficient solutions rely mostly on PV power with minimal battery storage capacity, whereas hydrogen systems are necessary to achieve the best emission reductions. The analysis does not identify a promising prospect for seasonal energy storage with the current tank and battery lifetime emissions. Producing more than 65 % of the energy demand locally is not deemed beneficial.

Caracterização da Antixenose e antibiose em cultivares de soja a Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

ABSTRACT: Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of America, and is an important pest of Fabaceae, such as: soybean, peanut, common bean, cowpea, pea, chickpea and kudzu. In soybean, the velvet bean caterpillar is important due to the plant defoliation in their larval stage. This study evaluated soybean cultivars as source of resistance to A. gemmatalis by antixenosis (attractiveness and non-preference for feeding) and antibiosis (biological parameters of the insect). The parameters evaluated were: antixenosis: attractiveness and non-preference, dry mass consumed and attractiveness index and antibiosis: duration of larval and pupal stages, adult longevity, total cycle, larval and pupal weights and larval, pupal and total viability. Considering antixenosis and antibiosis the least suitable cultivars for A. gemmatalis were found to be BRS 8383 IPRO, BRS 1074 IPRO, BRS 1061 IPRO, BRS 7180 IPRO, BRS 9383 IPRO, BRS 8980 IPRO and BRS 1003 IPRO due to high mortality in the larval phase. The cultivars BRS 523 and BRS 543 RR “block technology” suggest displays antixenosis and or antibiosis to A. gemmatalis. These cultivars can be used by soybean producers in combination with other control tactics in soybean IPM.

The Effect of Wearable and Tearable Climate and Weather on Wearable Technology

This article discusses the effect of wearable tearable climate and weather on wearable technology. Climate change refers to long term shifts in temperature and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and unsustainable infrastructural development. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) process can be broadly defined as a study of the impacts of a proposed project, plan, project, policy, or legislative action on the environment and sustainability. The significance of the work entitled “Sustainable Wearable Climate and Weather Management” is mainly confirmatory as it solves environmental and social problems. In this research, the SEA process has been aimed to incorporate environmental and sustainability factors into wearable climate and weather management includes climate change and control as an example like production and manufacturing process project planning and decision-making processes such as project formulation and appraisal of wearable climate and weather projects like wear and tear of dust-producing grinding chrome composite leather clad rollers and washers commonly used in seed-cotton Indian roller ginning machines, wastewater treatment process, rotating biological contactors, trickling filter bed, biomedical parts, marine biopolymers, Indo-Matsushita midget electrode (battery carbon rod) plant in 1979 at Tada, sustainable bridge, road, and sanitation structure, green building, nuclear power plant, cotton roller ginning plant and concrete that included policies, programs, plans, and legislative actions. Sustainable materials for manufacturing process development is a kind of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability and efficacy of future generations to meet their own needs. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process can be defined as the systematic study of the potential impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs, policies, or legislative actions relative to the physical-chemical, biological, bio-medical, cultural, and socioeconomic components of the total environmental product life cycle. The primary purpose of the EIA process is to encourage the consideration of the environment in the Organizational ’s wearable and tearable climate and weather management project planning and decision-making process and to arrive at environmentally compatible actions. The sustainable wearable climate and weather management process should include the integrated consideration of technical or engineering, economic, environmental, safety, and health, social, and sustainability factors to achieve business excellence as per post COVID-19 World Scenario. Before the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process in 1970 in the USA, technical and economic factors dominance the World’s manufacturing process projects. The objective of the study is to conceptualize a training course module incorporating the SEA process for the Sustainable Environmental Wearable and Tearable Climate Change and Weather Control for the officers of Bihar Institute Public Administration and Rural Development (BIPARD), Patna, Bihar, India during the Research Year (RY) 2023-2024. The design of the study is cross-sectional. The limitation or recommendation of the study and check is to apply strategic environmental assessment process for sustainable environmental climate change and control towards sustainable development.

Economic Viability of Solar Irrigation Pumps: A Comparative Life Cycle Cost Analysis with Diesel and Electric Pumps

In the present scenario viability of an irrigation pump is of extreme significance to set up it and get the sought after output in a more economic and better way. In this study investigation has been done about the economic viability of solar irrigation pump against the diesel and electric irrigation pump through the life cycle cost analysis. In LCC analysis, capital cost, future maintenance cost and replacement cost are converted to present worth value considering inflation rate and discount rate during its total life cycle. Annualized life cycle cost (ALCC) of solar irrigation pump has been further compared with grid connected electric and diesel irrigation pump. The results revealed that the annualized life cycle cost (ALCC) of solar irrigation pump is lower than grid connected electric and diesel irrigation pump. E.g., The ALCC of solar irrigation pump was estimated at 12383/year and 15435/year for 3 HP and 5 HP pump respectively, which is significantly leave behind electric pumps, which boast ALCC figures of 61641/year and 82371/year for 3 HP and 5 HP pumps. In the same way, when related to diesel irrigation pumps with ALCC values of 85891/year and 136088/year for 3 HP and 5 HP pumps respectively, the economic superiority of solar irrigation pumps becomes abundantly clear. . It has also been observed that the capital cost for solar irrigation pump is higher than grid connected electric and diesel irrigation pump. However, the maintenance cost and replacement cost are lower in case of solar. The comparison shows that the solar irrigation pump was more viable than the connected electric and diesel irrigation pump.

Evaluation of Carbon Footprint of Automotive Instrument Panel Skin Based on LCA

This study primarily conducted a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis on six types of automotive interior instrument panel skins: Slush-molded PVC skin, PU-coated skin, Genuine leather-coated skin, Injection-molded TPV skin, Injection-molded TPEE skin, and Injection-molded TPES skin. The findings revealed that the leather coated skin had the highest carbon footprint. In contrast, the carbon footprints of the Injection-molded TPV skin, PU-coated skin, and Injection-molded TPES skin were relatively low. Among the six types of automotive instrument panel skins, the carbon emissions from the raw material acquisition stage constituted a significant portion of the total life cycle emissions, marking it as a critical phase in the product’s carbon footprint. Additionally, the study examined the impact of the electric factor on the carbon footprint, finding that the electric factor had the greatest effect on the carbon footprint of the Injection-molded TPEE skin.

BOEING 787 Model Daha Elektrikli Uçak Sistem Yenilikleri ve Araştırılan Sorunları

In recent years, MEA technology has brought about developments in the field of power electronics, fault-tolerant architecture, electro-hydrostatic actuators, flight control systems, high-density electric motors, power generation and conversion systems. Non-propulsive systems in traditional aircraft systems, ıt is powered by a combination of different secondary power sources such as hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical and electrical while the more electric aircraft (MEA) concept ensures the use of optimum electrical power for all non-propellant systems. &#x0D; The goal of future aircraft technology is to replace the majority of non-electrical power-using systems, such as environmental control and engine starting, with electrical systems to improve various aircraft characteristics such as efficiency, emissions, reliability and maintenance costs. B787 series aircraft, the first civil aircraft with more electric aircraft features of modern times, ıt features composite fuselage and wing profiles, fly-by-wire flight controls, advanced cockpit and General Electric or Rolls-Royce engines. Different from previous designs, Boeing has minimized the use of air from the engines in the B787 technology and makes extensive use of electrically powered systems instead of traditional pneumatically powered systems. B787 new generation passenger aircraft, ıt is anticipated that significant improvements such as aircraft weight, fuel consumption, total life cycle costs, carbon neutrality, ease of maintenance and aircraft reliability will reduce the effects of adverse environmental conditions.&#x0D; In this study, the system innovations of the B787 aircraft model, which is a more electric aircraft concept and introduces different testing and working methods throughout the design process, and the problems caused by the new systems were investigated.

Utilizing locally accessible substrate, to maximize oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) growth and bioconversion efficiency in Ambo, Central Ethiopia

The effect of different locally available wastes as the substrates on oyster mushroom growth and bioconversion efficiency was investigated. P. ostreatus was grown on different substrates prepared from corn cob, sorghum stem, faba bean straw, pea straw, coffee husk, and sawdust alone (100%), and all with cottonseed waste in (1:1) ratio. Cottonseed waste alone was used as a control. Spawn run days, harvest days, average mushroom weight, fruiting body, cap diameter, stipe length, total yield, and biological efficiency were evaluated. All the quantitative data gathered were analyzed by SPSS statistical software for Windows version 25. Pea straw alone (T7) and pea straw:cotton seed waste (1:1) ratio (T8) with 15±2 and 15±3.1 days, had the shortest mycelia run, whereas sawdust alone (T11) took longer with 33±6.7 days for mycelia run. T7 had the shortest incubation to the first harvest 24±5.2 days, while T11 had the longest incubation to the first harvest 46±8.1 days. T11, 90±12 days, took the longest total production cycle, while T7, 63±6.6 days had the shortest total production cycle. T7 produced the greatest, number of fruiting bodies (254±48.5), whereas T11 produced the fewest fruiting bodies (20±5). The highest and lowest yield was obtained from the T7 substrate with 1614±17.1g and T11 substrate with 384±37.9g, respectively. The best substrate was found to be the T7; with mycelia run 15±2 days; incubation to 1st harvest 24±5.2 days, shortest production cycle 63±6.6 days, fruiting bodies 254±48.5, the highest total yield of 1614±17.1g and biological efficiency of 323±48.9%.

Assisted reproductive technology in Japan: A summary report for 2021 by the Ethics Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) registry gathers comprehensive data from registered assisted reproductive technology (ART) facilities in Japan. Herein, we report 2021 ART cycle characteristics and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize and analyze 2021 data. In 2021, 625 ART facilities participated in the registry; 27 facilities did not conduct ART cycles and 598 registered treatment cycles. In total, 498 140 cycles were registered, and there were 69 797 neonates (increases of 10.7% and 15.5%, respectively, from the previous year). The number of freeze-all invitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles decreased in 2021; the number of neonates born was 2268 for IVF-embryo transfer (ET) cycles and 2850 for ICSI cycles. Frozen-thawed ET (FET) cycles increased markedly from 2020 (11.2% increase). In 2021, 239 428 FET cycles were conducted, resulting in 87 174 pregnancies and 64 679 neonates. For fresh transfers, the total single ET, singleton pregnancy rate, and singleton live birth rates were 82.7%, 97.0%, and 97.3%; for FET, these rates were 84.9%, 96.9%, and 97.1%. The 2021 Japanese ART registry analysis showed marked increases in both total treatment cycles and live births from the previous year.

Clinical outcomes of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy in high-risk patients: a retrospective cohort study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) on clinical outcomes among high-risk patients. This retrospective study involved 1,368 patients and the same number of cycles, including 520 cycles with PGT-A and 848 cycles without PGT-A. The study participants comprised women of advanced maternal age (AMA) and those affected by recurrent implantation failure (RIF), recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), or severe male factor infertility (SMF). PGT-A was associated with significant improvements in the implantation rate (IR) and the ongoing pregnancy rate/live birth rate (OPR/LBR) per embryo transfer cycle in the AMA (39.3% vs. 16.2% [p<0.001] and 42.0% vs. 21.8% [p<0.001], respectively), RIF (41.7% vs. 22.0% [p<0.001] and 47.0% vs. 28.6% [p<0.001], respectively), and RPL (45.6% vs. 19.5% [p<0.001] and 49.1% vs. 24.2% [p<0.001], respectively) groups, as well as the IR in the SMF group (43.3% vs. 26.5%, p=0.011). Additionally, PGT-A was associated with lower overall incidence rates of early pregnancy loss in the AMA (16.7% vs. 34.3%, p=0.001) and RPL (16.7% vs. 50.0%, p<0.001) groups. However, the OPR/LBR per total cycle across all PGT-A groups did not significantly exceed that for the non-PGT-A groups. PGT-A demonstrated beneficial effects in high-risk patients. However, our findings indicate that these benefits are more pronounced in carefully selected candidates than in the entire high-risk patient population.

Inventory model for deteriorating goods with stock and price-dependent demand under inflation and partial backlogging to address post Covid-19 supply chain challenges

Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the supply chain and the market have been affected severely. So, the need for a model based on certain scenarios arises to restore the post-Covid-19 disruptions. In this article, an inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating commodities has been developed under inflation where shortages are permitted and are assumed to be partially backlogged. The demand of the product is influenced by the price and stock. The primary aim of this study is to formulate a recovery model that will increase total average profit. In this research, the selling price and the total cycle time are taken as decision variables. The maximum average profit and the optimal values of the decision variables are determined using the graphical method in Mathematica and graphs have been provided to show the relation between total profit and the decision variables. It has been observed that when the selling price rises, the overall profit rises and then declines after it reaches a certain price level. Additionally, as the rate of inflation rises, the overall profit increases. Numerical examples are illustrated to demonstrate the model and sensitivity analysis has been performed to analyze the impacts of different parameters on the optimal solutions. It has been found that the total profit is highly sensitive to the basic demand and least sensitive to the backlogging parameter.