Total Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index Research Articles

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy provides sustained relief of symptoms among patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

BackgroundChronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome type III (CP/CPPS) is associated with pelvic pain, sexual dysfunction and irritative voiding. Sustained symptom relief has proven difficult with alpha blockers, antibiotics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors (PDE5is) have the potential to alleviate bladder urgency, relax the pelvic floor, and correct underlying erectile dysfunction; however, few studies have investigated the application of PDE5i’s to CP/CPPS. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of long-term PDE5i therapy on symptoms among patients with diagnosed CP/CPPS.MethodsA group of patients older than 18 years diagnosed with CP/CPPS presenting from 2009 to 2018 were followed prospectively while they were being prescribed off-label PDE5i therapy for symptoms. National Institute of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI) scores before PDE5i therapy initiation and after at least 3 months were utilized to assess impact on symptoms.ResultsA total of 25 patients (mean age 44.4±12.9 years) met study criteria. The mean duration of PDE5i therapy was 1.3±1.6 years. Continued use of daily PDE5is was associated with significant decreases in total CPSI, pain, urinary symptom and quality of life scores [total CPSI: −12.8, standard deviation (SD) 9.5; pain: −6.1, SD 4.1; urinary symptoms: −2.4, SD 2.1; quality of life: −4.5, SD 3.9; P<0.001].ConclusionsThis prospective data suggests that PDE5i therapy is associated with durable decreases in CP/CPPS symptoms past 3 months.

PD62-03 CASE SERIES OF LOW INTENSITY SHOCK WAVE THERAPY FOR MEN WITH CHRONIC PROSTATITIS/CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfections/Inflammation/Cystic Disease of the Genitourinary Tract: Prostate & Genitalia II1 Apr 2018PD62-03 CASE SERIES OF LOW INTENSITY SHOCK WAVE THERAPY FOR MEN WITH CHRONIC PROSTATITIS/CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME Daniel Shoskes and Brandon Mooney Daniel ShoskesDaniel Shoskes More articles by this author and Brandon MooneyBrandon Mooney More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.2839AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a heterogeneous syndrome that is often challenging to treat. Low Intensity Shock Wave (LiSW) has emerged as a potential therapy and several sham controlled studies have shown efficacy. We wished to study the efficacy and safety of LiSW in CP/CPPS patients with clinical phenotyping to better understand who may best respond. METHODS Men were enrolled in this IRB approved study provided they had a diagnosis of CP/CPPS for at least 6 months and were able to return for weekly treatments. Those on multi-modal therapy continued other therapies as long as the dose was stable. LiSW was delivered with the Urogold 100 machine (Tissue Regeneration Technologies, Woodstock, GA) using the standard probe. There were 4 treatment sites, 2 on each side of the perineum at 500 shocks each for a total of 2000 shocks. Symptom severity was measured with the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI) at baseline and 1 month following the last treatment. Patients also self reported a General Response Assessment (GRA) ranging from 1 (significantly improved) to 5 (significantly worse). Patients were clinically phenotyped by the UPOINT system. Pre and post values were compared with the paired t test with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS 14 men enrolled with a mean age of 45.1 years (range 22-67) and median duration of 36 months (range 9-240). Men had a mean of 2.6 positive UPOINT domains (range 1-5) and all but 2 had pelvic floor tenderness (domain ″T″). Total CPSI improved from 27.7 +/- 5.4 to 19.4 +/- 7.5 (p=0.003). While the pain and quality of life scores improved significantly, there was no change in the urinary subscore. 9 patients (64.3%) had a >6 point drop in CPSI. By GRA, 7 patients said they were significantly improved, 2 was somewhat improved and 5 were unchanged. There were no significant differences in responders to non-responders for phenotype or symptom duration although responders had a higher starting pain score (14.0 vs 9.4, p=0.005) and both patients without pelvic floor spasm failed to improve. CONCLUSIONS LiSW with the Urogold 100 improved symptoms of CP/CPPS in the majority of patients. All responders had pelvic floor spasm, and shock wave therapy is well established in the treatment of pain from trigger points. While small numbers preclude meaningful subgroup analysis, there was no impact on urinary symptoms. In conclusion, once weekly low intensity shock wave lithotripsy improved the symptoms of CP/CPPS in the majority of patients without side effects. © 2018FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 199Issue 4SApril 2018Page: e1157-e1158 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2018MetricsAuthor Information Daniel Shoskes More articles by this author Brandon Mooney More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

195 Intraprostatic Injection of Botulinum Toxin-A in Patients with Refractory Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: The Transurethral vs. Transrectal Approach

To evaluate the outcome of an intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) in men with refractory chronic prostatitis-associated chronic pelvic-pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and to compare the efficacy of the transurethral and transrectal routes. In an uncontrolled randomised clinical trial conducted in men with refractory CP/CPPS, the patients were classified into two groups according to the route of BTX-A injection; transurethral (group 1, 28 patients) and transrectal ultrasonography-guided (group 2, 35 patients). The chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and white blood cell (WBC) count in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) were measured before and at 3, 6 and 12 months after the injection. A significant clinical improvement (SCI, defined as a reduction of 4 points or a 25% decrease in total CPSI score) was correlated with patient age, prostate volume and symptom duration. In group 1, the pain and quality-of-life domain scores improved, but statistically significantly only at 6 months. The voiding score improved at all follow-up visits. In group 2 there was a significant improvement in all the CPSI domain scores at all follow-up visits, except for pain, which was insignificantly improved by 12 months. The SCI ratings in groups 1 and 2 were 36%, 79% and 57%, and 49%, 89% and 74% in group 2 at the three follow-up visits, respectively. The Qmax was significantly improved in both groups during the follow-up (except at 12 months in group 1). There was a significant reduction in the mean WBC count in the EPS in patients with inflammatory prostatitis. Both prostate volume and symptom duration were significantly associated with a lower SCI rating.

Chronic Prostate Inflammation Predicts Symptom Progression in Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain

We examined the 4-year longitudinal association between histological prostate inflammation and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. We also studied the development of new and progressing existing chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men randomized to placebo in the REDUCE (REduction by DUtasteride of prostate Cancer Events) population. At multiple time points during 4 years univariable and multivariable analyses were performed between acute and chronic inflammation detected on baseline biopsies and the incidence of chronic pelvic pain syndrome-like symptoms, defined as a positive response to CPSI (Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index) question 1a-perineal pain and/or question 2b-ejaculatory pain and a total pain subscore of at least 4, and progression of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, defined as a 4-point or greater increase from baseline in total CPSI score, in patients with a baseline categorization of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Of the 4,109 men in the study acute and chronic inflammation was detected in 641 (15.6%) and 3,216 (78.3%), respectively. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome symptom status was available for 2,816 at baseline. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome-like symptoms developed in 317 of 2,150 men without the condition at baseline who had followup data. Acute and chronic inflammation was not associated with the incidence of the symptoms (p>0.1). At a median followup of 12.0 months 109 of 145 men with baseline chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and followup data showed symptomatic progression. Chronic but not acute inflammation was significantly associated with shorter time to progression on univariable and multivariable analyses (p = 0.029 and 0.018, respectively). Inflammation is not associated with an increased risk of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. However, chronic inflammation predicts the risk of symptomatic progression in men in whom chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome symptoms have been identified.

Intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin-A in patients with refractory chronic pelvic pain syndrome: The transurethral vs. transrectal approach

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of an intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) in men with refractory chronic prostatitis-associated chronic pelvic-pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and to compare the efficacy of the transurethral and transrectal routes. Patients and methodsIn an uncontrolled randomised clinical trial conducted in men with refractory CP/CPPS, the patients were classified into two groups according to the route of BTX-A injection; transurethral (group 1, 28 patients) and transrectal ultrasonography-guided (group 2, 35 patients). The chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and white blood cell (WBC) count in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) were measured before and at 3, 6 and 12months after the injection. A significant clinical improvement (SCI, defined as a reduction of 4 points or a 25% decrease in total CPSI score) was correlated with patient age, prostate volume and symptom duration. ResultsIn group 1, the pain and quality-of-life domain scores improved, but statistically significantly only at 6months. The voiding score improved at all follow-up visits. In group 2 there was a significant improvement in all the CPSI domain scores at all follow-up visits, except for pain, which was insignificantly improved by 12months. The SCI ratings in groups 1 and 2 were 36%, 79% and 57%, and 49%, 89% and 74% in group 2 at the three follow-up visits, respectively. The Qmax was significantly improved in both groups during the follow-up (except at 12months in group 1). There was a significant reduction in the mean WBC count in the EPS in patients with inflammatory prostatitis. Both prostate volume and symptom duration were significantly associated with a lower SCI rating. ConclusionBTX-A is an available treatment option for patients with refractory CP/CPPS. It is more effective in patients with a small prostate and short symptom duration. The transrectal route provided better results than the transurethral route. More prospective longer term studies are needed.

Inclusion of Erectile Domain to UPOINT Phenotype Does Not Improve Correlation With Symptom Severity in Men With Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

To evaluate the addition of an erectile dysfunction (ED) domain to the UPOINT (Urinary, Psychosocial, Organ-specific, Infection, Neurologic/systemic, and Tenderness) system in our patients. The UPOINT system classifies men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome into 6 domains. The domain number correlates with the symptom severity, and UPOINT-guided therapy has been shown to significantly improve symptoms. This was recently confirmed in a large Italian cohort, but was only true in a German cohort if an ED domain was added ("S," resulting in "UPOINTS"). A total of 100 recent patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome were classified using the UPOINT system. An additional "S" domain was retrospectively added for men with bothersome ED. Symptom severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. The "S" domain was positive in 28% of the patients. A stepwise positive correlation was found between the number of positive UPOINT domains and symptom severity (Pearson r=.27, P=.006). The "S" domain reduced this correlation (Pearson r=.25, P=.01). ED had no effect on the total Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (24.8 vs 24.7) or on the subscores for pain (11.5 vs 11.6) or quality of life (8.8 vs 8.9). On multivariate analysis, the number of UPOINT domains was the strongest predictor of the total Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (relative increase 4.1, 95% confidence interval 1.5-6.7, P=.002), a relationship lost with UPOINTS (relative increase 1.0, 95% confidence interval -2.1-4.2, P=.53). In our patients, ED did not independently affect the chronic pelvic pain syndrome symptom severity or quality of life. Although ED should be elicited and appropriately treated in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, our data do not support the utility of using ED as an independent UPOINT domain.

A pilot study of botulinum toxin A for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Male chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) has been the subject of numerous clinical trials, but so far, no uniformly effective treatment has been identified. A commonly reported tender spot in men with CPPS is the bulbospongiosus muscle. A randomized placebo controlled pilot trial of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection into the perineal skeletal musculature for the treatment CPPS was conducted. Twenty-nine men with CPPS were identified from a urology clinic. Symptom evaluation was performed using a Global Response Assessment (GRA) and the Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI). All subjects were randomized to receive either BTX-A 100 U or normal saline injected into the perineal body and bulbospongiosus muscle. BTX-A injection was administered in 13 men. At the 1 month follow-up there was a 30% response rate for BTX-A treatment compared with 13% for placebo (p = 0.0002), based on GRA results. Total CPSI score did not reach significance in the BTX-A-treated group, compared with controls. The CPSI pain subdomain score reached statistical significance in the BTX-A patients compared with controls (p = 0.05). The injections were well tolerated. There were no complications from the injections and no patients reported side-effects. BTX-A injection into the perineal body and bulbospongiosus muscle results in a modest response rate on the GRA compared with placebo for overall symptoms associated with CPPS. The treatment is well tolerated and safe. BTX-A use may enhance polytherapeutic pain management.

Clinical Phenotyping of Patients With Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Correlation With Symptom Severity

To propose a clinical phenotype system (urinary, psychosocial, organ specific, infection, neurologic/systemic, and tenderness [UPOINT]) to classify patients with urologic pelvic pain to help understand the etiology and guide therapy. We wished to validate this system in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). CPPS is a heterogeneous syndrome with a variable treatment response. A total of 90 men with CPPS were retrospectively classified in each domain of our UPOINT system and the symptoms were measured using the Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. The percentage of patients positive for each domain was 52%, 34%, 61%, 16%, 37%, and 53% for the urinary, psychosocial, organ specific, infection, neurologic/systemic, and tenderness domains, respectively. Of the 90 patients, 22% were positive for only 1 domain, and a significant stepwise increase was found in the total Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score as the number of positive domains increased. A symptom duration of >2 years was associated with an increase in positive domains (2.9 +/- 0.21 vs 2.3 +/- 0.14, P = .01). Comparing the total Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score with the presence of each domain revealed significantly increased symptoms in patients positive for the urinary, psychosocial, organ specific, and neurologic/systemic domains. When this analysis was repeated for the pain subscore, the psychosocial, neurologic/systemic, and tenderness domains had significantly greater scores. Only the psychosocial and neurologic domains influenced the patients' quality of life. Applying the UPOINT system to patients with CPPS can discriminate clinical phenotypes, allowing for hypothesis testing for etiology and therapy. The number of positive domains correlated with symptom severity and a longer duration of symptoms increased the number of positive domains. Because each domain has specific targeted therapies, we propose that multimodal therapy might best be guided by the UPOINT phenotype.

Evaluation of an At-Home-Use Prostate Massage Device for Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Introduction: Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) are difficult for both the patient and the clinician. In office prostatic massage has been documented to provide symptom relief but use of at-home massage has not been determined. We performed a retrospective analysis of data from men utilizing an at-home-use prostate device to examine disease, treatment characteristics, and symptom relief in order to ascertain whether evidence exists to perform a clinical trial. Methods: Data on 154 consecutive men was reviewed and subjects evaluated in two Groups, BPH w/ LUTS (Group 1) and CP/CPPS w/ LUTS (Group 2). All subjects completed the National Institutes of Health, Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI) at baseline and follow-up. Demographics, scores on the CPSI, duration of device use, self-reported symptom assessment, and comments were analyzed. Results: Of 154 men, 115 were analyzed. Of the 115, 90 (78.3%) were in Group 1 (BPH w/LUTS) and 25 (21.7%) were in Group 2 (CP/CPPS w/LUTS). The average age was 64.48 years ± 10.86 (average ± SD) vs 46.68 ± 12.5 (Group 1 - 2, respectively). In Group 1 total CPSI score from baseline to follow-up were (11.61 ± 7.07 (mean ± SD) - 6.63 ± 5.20, p = 0.0001). In Group 2 total scores from baseline to follow-up were (16.67 ± 7.0 vs 11.48 ± 5.84 (5.20, p = 0.0127). Other self-reported comments included 16/115 (13.9%) of subjects unsure about proper use/application and 10/115 (8.6%) reporting rectal soreness. Conclusions: The preliminary findings suggest that a clinical trial of a novel at-home-use prostatic massage device is warranted.

Examination of the Relationship Between Symptoms of Prostatitis and Histological Inflammation: Baseline Data From the REDUCE Chemoprevention Trial

Symptoms of abacterial chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome are considered to be associated with prostate inflammation. The ongoing Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events trial is a 4-year, phase III, placebo controlled study to determine whether 0.5 mg dutasteride daily decreases the risk of biopsy detectable prostate cancer. All men underwent biopsy before study entry, allowing review of the relationship between histological prostate inflammation and prostatitis symptoms. Eligible men were 50 to 75 years old with serum prostate specific antigen 2.5 ng/ml or greater and 10 ng/ml or less (ages 50 to 60 years), or 3.0 ng/ml or greater and 10 ng/ml or less (older than 60 years), and an International Prostate Symptom Score of less than 25 (or less than 20 if already on alpha-blocker therapy). Acute prostatitis was an exclusion criterion. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index was used to assess prostatitis-like symptoms. Spearman rank correlations were used to assess the relationship between acute and chronic inflammation, and Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index scores for the pain, urinary symptoms and quality of life domains as well as average pain, total score and prostatitis-like symptoms. Data were available on 5,597 patients. The distribution of inflammation status was similar for those with and without chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. Significant correlations were found between average chronic inflammation, and total Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score and subscores for urinary symptoms and quality of life but the magnitude of these correlations was small. A lack of clinically meaningful association was found between prostatitis-like pain symptoms and histological inflammation in the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events population, suggesting that the view that symptoms of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and prostate inflammation are associated needs further scrutiny.

The Effect of Biofeedback Physical Therapy in Men with Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Type III

Recent studies suggest that the symptoms of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CP) or Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) may be due to or associated with pelvic floor muscle dysfunction. Therapies aimed to improve relaxation and proper use of the pelvic floor muscles such as biofeedback physical therapy and pelvic floor re-education are expected to give symptom improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofeedback physical therapy on the symptoms of men with CPPS. Materials and Methods: Between March 2000 to March 2004, 33 consecutive men were diagnosed with CP/CPPS based on history including the NIH-CPSI questionnaire and physical examination including pelvic floor muscle tonus, urinalysis, uroflowmetry with residual urine measurement and transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate. All patients participated in a pelvic floor biofeedback re-educating program. A rectal EMG probe was used to measure resting tone of the pelvic floor muscles and was helpful for instruction pelvic floor muscles contraction and relaxation. Results: Two of the 33 men dropped out. In the remaining 31 men, mean age 43.9 years (range 23–70), the mean total Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) changed from 23.6 (range 11–34) at baseline to 11.4 (range 1–25) after treatment ( p < 0.001). The mean value of the pelvic floor muscle tonus was 4.9 at diagnosis (range 2.0–10.0) and decreased to 1.7 (range 0.5–2.8) after treatment ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study clearly demonstrates a significant effect of biofeedback physical therapy and pelvic floor re-education for CP/CPPS patients, leading to a significant improvement of the symptom score. The correlation between the pelvic muscle tonus results with NIH-CPSI score is highly suggestive that the pelvic floor plays an important role in the pathophysiology of CP/CPPS.

Low Agreement Between Previous Physician Diagnosed Prostatitis and National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index Pain Measures

We evaluate the agreement between self-reported physician diagnosed prostatitis and pain questions from the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI). A randomly selected cohort of white men 47 to 90 years old from Olmsted County, Minnesota completed a study questionnaire on a history of physician diagnosed prostatitis in the preceding 2 years, including the CPSI questions. The medical records were also reviewed for physician diagnosis of chronic prostatitis during the preceding 10 years. Of 1,543 men 27 (1.7%) reported a physician diagnosis of prostatitis in the preceding 2 years. There were strong associations between self-reported prostatitis and pain at the tip of the penis (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.4, 28.5), ejaculatory (5.9, CI 1.3, 26.6) and testicular (3.6, 1.2, 10.8) pain. The chance corrected agreement between self-reported prostatitis and pain symptoms was low at 0.01 (pubic pain) to 0.07 (pain at the tip of the penis, ejaculatory pain and testicular pain). Agreement in positive responses was also low at 3.7% (perineal pain) to 8% (pain at the tip of the penis, ejaculatory pain and testicular pain). The predictive value of the modified total CPSI score for prostatitis was 0.67, which was better than chance (0.5). Associations based on medical record ascertainment of prostatitis during followup were weak, and the area under the curve was 0.57, which was no better than chance. These findings demonstrate low agreement between CPSI-like pain measures and self-reported physician diagnosed prostatitis. The stronger associations between pain symptoms and self-reported diagnosed prostatitis, and the moderate predictive ability of the modified total CPSI score measures for self-reported prostatitis compared to medical record ascertainment demonstrate the sensitivity of the CPSI to prevalent symptoms. Thus, the tool may be best used to evaluate the severity of current symptoms rather than to assess the presence or absence of prostatitis.