Total Cholesterol Levels In Rats Research Articles

The Active Ingredient Catalpol in Rehmannia glutinosa Reduces Blood Glucose in Diabetic Rats via the AMPK Pathway.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a huge threat to population health globally, and more drugs need to be explored for treatment. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of active ingredient catalpol in Rehmannia glutinosa on reduces blood glucose in diabetic. The T2DM model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were randomly grouped into diabetes model group, pioglitazone group, Rehmannia glutinosa group, catalpol high-dose group, catalpol low-dose group and normal control group.The intervention was continued for 28 d, and changes in body weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels were observed. Of all the drugs, pioglitazone had the most pronounced hypoglycemic effect, which began to decline after 2 weeks of treatment in the low-dose catalpol group and had no hypoglycemic effect in the high-dose catalpol group. Among them, Rehmannia glutinosa was able to increase serum triglyceride level, and pioglitazone effectively reduced total cholesterol level in rats. The low dose of catalpol decreased the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), while the high dose of catalpol increased the concentration of LDL. As an active ingredient in Rehmannia glutinosa, catalpol has the potential to lower blood glucose and improve blood lipids in diabetes treatment, and its action may be achieved by regulating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, which provides a new idea for the development of new diabetes therapeutic approaches.

Effect of Dangke consumption on body weight, blood glucose, and total cholesterol in rats subjected to high-fat and fructose diet

Obesity occurs due to an imbalance in caloric intake, leading to excess fat accumulation in adipose tissue. This condition is associated with hyperglycemia and abnormal lipid levels. Dangke, a traditional Indonesian cheese, contains lactic acid bacteria and bioactive peptides known for their health benefits. This study aims to assess the effects of dangke consumption on body weight, glucose, and total cholesterol levels in rats subjected to a high-fat and fructose diet (HFFD). This research employed an experimental laboratory design. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats, with weights ranging from 100 to 200 g, were divided into six groups, each consisting of four rats. Group 1 (ND) (received a normal diet. Group 2 (HFFD) was provided with a high-fat and fructose diet).

THE DIFFERENCES IN RAT CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AFTER GIVING RED GUAVA JUICE

Introduction: Cholesterol is a fat found in our body, it can be dangerous if cholesterol level is increasing. The way to lower cholesterol levels, such as by consuming high-fiber foods for example red guava. Purpose: To determine the difference in total cholesterol levels in rats after giving red guava juice. Method: The research was conducted using 30 Rattus Norvegicus. Rats were divided into three groups, each group consisted of 10 rats. Control group was given 594 chicken feed, first treatment group was given lard and second treatment group was given lard with red guava juice. Before being given treatment, five rats from each group were examined for their total cholesterol and the remaining five rats were given treatment for 14 days before total cholesterol were checked. Examination of total cholesterol by enzymatic colorimetry CHOD-PAP using blood from orbital vein of rats without fasting. Result: There were significant differences in total cholesterol of rats before and after treatment (P<0.05) in each treatment group. In comparison of three groups that had given treatment, significant difference was found (P=0.005). Significant differences were also found in comparison of two groups, between first treatment group and second treatment group (P = 0.004), insignificant results were found in comparison of control group with first treatment group (P = 0.060), and comparison of control group with second treatment group. (P=0.299). Conclusion: There are differences in total cholesterol of rats, total cholesterol of rats in high-fat diet group with guava juice were lower than the high-fat diet group.

Hypolipidemic Activity of Olive Oil-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Containing Atorvastatin.

Currently, hyperlipidemia is a growing health issue that is considered a risk factor for obesity. Controlling body weight and modifying life style in most of cases are not adequate and the condition requires medical treatment. Statin drugs (mainly Atorvastatin (ATO)), have been used broadly and for long time as medications for handling higher levels of lipid, especially bad cholesterol, which accordingly controls the prevalence of obesity. Still, the obstacle that stands in front of any formulation is the poor solubility of the drug. Low solubility of ATO came up with poor absorption as well as poor bioavailability. This paved the way for the present study, which aimed to exploit nanotechnology and develop certain nanolipid carriers that could accommodate hydrophobic drugs, such as ATO. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) containing ATO was fabricated using olive oil. Olive oil is natural plant oil possessing confirmed hypolipidemic activity that would help in improving the efficacy of the formulation. Via applying the Quality by Design (QbD) approach, one NLC formula was selected to be optimized based on appropriate size and higher entrapment. Optimized ATO-NLC was scrutinized for zeta potential, in vitro study and kinetic profile. Moreover, stability testing and in vivo hypolipidemic behavior was conducted. The optimized NLC formulation seemed to show particle size (254.23 nm) with neutral zeta potential (−1.77 mV) and entrapment efficiency (69.56%). The formulation could be prolonged for 12 h and provided higher % of release (97.17%). Stability testing confirmed the role of modifying the surface of the formulation with PEG-DSPE in providing a highly stable formulation that could withstand three months storage in two altered conditions. Ultimately, optimized ATO-NLC could successfully lower total cholesterol level in rats induced with obesity and fed a high-fat diet. Remarkably, ATO-NLC prepared with olive oil, in addition to shielding its surface, would provide a stable formulation that holds up the synergistic action between olive oil and ATO.

Effect of Kombucha Tea on Total Cholesterol Decreasing Levels in White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

The purpose of this study was to determine the type of content of 75% kombucha tea that is fermented for 12 days, there are black tea, green tea, and the packaged tea. Fifteen Rattus norvegicus was randomized divided into 5 groups and each group consisted of 3 rats. Group I or the negative control was given aquadest, group II was given kombucha packaged tea, group III was given black tea kombucha, and group IV was given green tea kombucha. Group V as a positive control was given simvastatin. All groups were injected with the samples solution orally. Evaluation of effects was carried out by observed the cholesterol total level before and after treatment. The results showed that all kombucha tea can reduced the total cholesterol level on rats (Rattus norvegicus). Conclusion: Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan test with 95% confidence level using SPSS 20.0 software, results showed that black tea kombucha 1.8 mL of 75% concentration has an optimal reduced total cholesterol levels in rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Plasma Parameters in Hypothyroıd Rats

This research was conducted to determine the effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on blood glucose, total protein, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels in rats for that experimental hypothyroidism was induced. A total of 32 healthy adult male Wistar Albino rats were used as a material in the research. After the adaptation period of animals for ten days, the main research period was conducted for a total of three weeks. The rats housed as four rats in each cage during the research were divided into four experimental groups as control (K), CoQ10 (C), Hypothyroid (H), and CoQ10+Hypothyroid (CH). CoQ10 was administered intraperitoneally every day to the group C animals. In addition, propylthiouracil (PTU) was added daily to the water of rats in group H to induce experimental hypothyroidism. Both CoQ10 and PTU administration was performed on the animals in the group HC. At the end of the trial period, blood was drawn from the hearts of rats in all groups. Glucose, total protein, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were determined in plasma samples obtained from blood samples. It was observed in the research that hypothyroidism administration (group H) decreased plasma glucose and triglyceride values (p

Decreased total cholesterol levels in rats administered with chitosan from Green mussel (Perna viridis L.) shells

Chitosan has been known to have anti-cholesterol activity. This linear polysaccharide can be derived from the chitin of green mussel shells by deacetylation. The purpose of this research was to find out the effects of administering chitosan from green mussel ( Perna viridis L.) shells on total cholesterol levels. Chitosan was prepared in three steps, namely deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation. FTIR was used for characterization, and the absorbance values were calculated to obtain the degree of deacetylation. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were fed with high-fat ingredients (yolk, quail, used cooking oil) and 1% PTU for 30 days p.o and divided into six (6) groups, namely the normal control group, negative control (PGA 1%), positive control (Simvastatin at 0.9 mg/Kg BW), Dose 1 (chitosan at 250 mg/Kg b.w), Dose 2 (chitosan at 500 mg/Kg BW), and Dose 3 (chitosan at 750mg/Kg BW). The chitosan of green mussel shells had a deacetylation degree of 43.05%. The results showed that the three doses of chitosan exhibited reduced total cholesterol levels in the test rats. At a dose of 750 mg/Kg BW, chitosan led to the most significant reduction of total cholesterol levels in rats from averagely 127.1 to 74.2 mg/dL.

Uji Aktivitas Antihiperlipidemia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Notika (Arcboldiodendron calosericeum Kobuski) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar

Hyperlipidemia is an increase of lipid due to excessive fat consumption, that the intake and alteration of lipid is not balanced. Notika are plants that contain secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids which are antioxidant compounds that are thought to have the effect of reducing blood lipids. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Notika on decreasing total cholesterol levels in rats induced by egg and propylthiouracil (PTU). This research was experimental in 6 groups, namely 4 groups given ethanol extract of leaves of Notika at a dose of 50 mg/kgBB, 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB, and 300 mg/kgBB, one group was given Na CMC 0.5% as a negative control, and one group was given simvastatin 10 mg as a positive control. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the leaves of Notika significantly reduced the total cholesterol level of rats with a significant value 0.05 and 300 mg/kgBB is an effective dose to reduce total cholesterol level.

Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Dietary Fish Oil in Albino Wistar Rats

The present study was undertaken to analyze the influence of omega 3 Fish oil and Cod liver oil on serum cholesterol levels and triglycerides in albino wistar rats. Serum total cholesterol was determined by an enzymatic method using a diagnostic kit. HDL and LDL cholesterol were measured by an enzymatic method using automated analyzer. Triglycerides were analyzed using enzymatic method. VLDL cholesterol was calculated from triglycerides values. The atherogenic index was calculated as: serum total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol. Serum total cholesterol level in rats fed with diet containing 15% omega 3 Fish oil (15% OF) supplemented with cholesterol (0.5% CH) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to those fed with the diet having only cholesterol (0.5% CH) and 10% Fluvastatin (10% FS) supplemented with cholesterol. Rats fed with diet containing 15% omega 3 fish oil (15% OF) supplemented with cholesterol had significantly lower serum total cholesterol than 15% Cod liver oil (15% CO) blended with cholesterol. Omega 3 fish oil is a strong hypocholesterolemic agent as that of fluvastatin (a cholesterol reducing drug). Therefore, regular ingestion of omega 3 Fish oil or supplementation with diets is important in the maintenance of human health.

Correction: Selective stalling of human translation through small-molecule engagement of the ribosome nascent chain

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001882.].

Total Cholesterol Level of Hypercholesterolemia Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Ethanol Extracts of Purple Sweet Potato Leaf (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)

The increase in total cholesterol level increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Sweet potato leaves are a food that contains polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, tannin, and fiber that effectively lower total cholesterol levels. This study aims to analyze the effect of ethanol extracts of leaf purple sweet potato on serum total cholesterol levels of rats fed a high-fat diet. An experimental study with design pre and posttest carried out on 10 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed a high-fat, which are 2 groups: 1 group the control hypercholesterolemia and 1 group ethanol extracts of leaf purple sweet potato. Dose based on leaves of quercetin that is equal to 2 mg/kgBB. The average content of quercetin ethanol extracts of leaf purple sweet potato was analyzed to obtain 14,08 mg/100g. Ethanol extracts of leaf purple sweet potato are given for 14 days by way of on the sonde. Serum total cholesterol was determined by the CHOD-PAP method. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively.The result of this study obtained the average total cholesterol level of white blood rats before giving ethanol extracts of leaf purple sweet potato that is 189,89 mg/dl, whereas after administration of ethanol extracts of leaf purple sweet potato dose 2 mg/kgBB that is 131,92 mg/dl. The decrease in total cholesterol level of white rats after giving ethanol extracts of leaf purple sweet potato with dose 2 mg/kgBB that is 30,52 %.

Selective stalling of human translation through small-molecule engagement of the ribosome nascent chain.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a key role in regulating the levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Here, we demonstrate that the compound PF-06446846 inhibits translation of PCSK9 by inducing the ribosome to stall around codon 34, mediated by the sequence of the nascent chain within the exit tunnel. We further show that PF-06446846 reduces plasma PCSK9 and total cholesterol levels in rats following oral dosing. Using ribosome profiling, we demonstrate that PF-06446846 is highly selective for the inhibition of PCSK9 translation. The mechanism of action employed by PF-06446846 reveals a previously unexpected tunability of the human ribosome that allows small molecules to specifically block translation of individual transcripts.

Protective Effect of Curcumin against the Liver Toxicity Caused by Propanil in Rats.

We investigated the protective effects of curcumin on propanil-induced alterations in biochemical indices in blood and liver of male Wistar rats. The study consisted of four treatment groups, with six animals each, designated as control, propanil (20mg/kg), curcumin(50 mg/kg), and curcumin (50 mg/kg) + propanil (20 mg/kg). Rats were administered their respective doses orally, every other day, for 28 days. Propanil administration elicited significant (P < 0.001) increases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, by 24% and 56%, respectively, compared to the control. Treatment with propanil elevated bilirubin, creatinine, and total cholesterol levels in rats, but these were not significant relative to controls. Administration of propanil to rats significantly (P < 0.001) increased lipid peroxidation levels. However, catalase activity, vitamin C, and reduced glutathione levels were significantly reduced. Exposure to propanil did not produce any significant changes in packed cell volume, neutrophils, and leukocyte counts. The supplementation of curcumin attenuated the adverse effects of propanil intoxication by reducing lipid peroxidation levels and restored the levels of serum enzymes and reduced glutathione. The present study showed that propanil increased oxidative stress and altered some biochemical parameters in the rats but curcumin could afford some protection to attenuate propanil-induced toxicity in the liver.

Involvement of Hepatic IL-1 in the Strain-Dependent Sex Differences in Serum Total Cholesterol Levels in Rats

The strain and sex differences in serum total cholesterol (TC) levels were examined in F344 and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. A sex difference (male<female) was observed in F344 rats but not in SD rats. The strain-dependent sex difference (male<female) was also observed in the constitutive gene expression level of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), a rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis, but not in the expression of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol catabolism (bile acid biosynthesis from cholesterol). The strain-dependent sex difference in hepatic HMGR gene expression was closely correlated with the levels of hepatic interleukins (ILs), especially of IL-1α, which acts as a positive regulator for the hepatic HMGR gene. Hepatic IL-1α protein expression was higher in female F344 rats than in male F344 rats and compared with male and female SD rats. Similar to hepatic IL-1α protein expression, serum TC levels were highest in female F344 rats than in the other groups of rats. Serum TC and hepatic IL-1α levels in male F344 rats were similar to those in male and female SD rats. The present findings demonstrate for the first time that strain-dependent sex difference in serum TC level between F344 and SD rats is, at least in part, related to difference in the IL-1α-mediated HMGR gene expression level in the liver.

Lipid profile of rats fed high-fat diets based on flaxseed, peanut, trout, or chicken skin

Objective Dietary saturated fatty acids are associated with coronary disease. Conversely, dietary monounsaturated polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seem to exert a protective effect. This study evaluated the lipid profile of rats fed high-fat (HF) diets, with fat added as different sources of PUFA (flaxseed and trout), MUFA (peanut), and saturated fatty acid (chicken skin). Methods Adult male Wistar rats were placed into six dietary groups ( n = 10): control (normal); high fat, with 1% cholesterol, 10% soy oil, and 5% lard; and four groups fed similar HF diets, with 10% lipid as trout, flaxseed, peanut, or chicken skin. After 28 d the animals were killed. Blood, livers, and adipose tissue samples were collected. Results A higher level ( P < 0.05) of total serum cholesterol was observed in rats fed the normal diet (93.57 ± 14.95 mg/dL) compared with those fed the HF diet (67.57 ± 12.54 mg/dL). Total cholesterol levels in rats fed the flaxseed diet were lower ( P < 0.05) than in rats fed the other fats. No difference was observed in cholesterol levels between groups fed the peanut and chicken skin diets ( P > 0.05). Animals fed the peanut diet showed decreased body weight gain than did animals in the other treatment groups. There were large lipid and cholesterol depositions in livers of rats fed the HF diet. Lipid deposition in adipose tissue followed the same dietary fatty acid profile, i.e., high levels of ω-3 PUFA in the flaxseed group, high levels of MUFA in the peanut and chicken skin groups and high levels of ω-6 PUFA in the trout group. Conclusions These data indicate that flaxseed is promising for dietary manipulation of hyperlipidemia.

Effect of Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes Sing.) Mushroom on serum lipid levels in rats.

The effect of Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes Sing.) mushroom on serum lipid levels was investigated in rats. When the mushroom (fruit body) powder or its hotwater extract was added at a level of 10% to a cholesterol-containing diet, the serum total cholesterol levels of rats fed the fruit body or the hot-water extract were markedly lower than that of controls, though there was no significant difference in serum HDL-cholesterol among the three groups. On a cholesterol-free diet, the addition of fruit body powder at a level of 5% significantly decreased serum total cholesterol. Serum triglycerides and phospholipids were significantly decreased in both the fruit body and hot-water extract groups. Furthermore, Hatakeshimeji in the diet significantly increased the activity of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, which converts cellular cholesterol to bile acids, as well as the fecal excretion of bile acids.