Total Carbon Conversion Research Articles

The preparation of Fe2O3-ZSM-5 catalysts by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition method for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of m-cresol.

Fe2O3-ZSM-5 catalysts (0.6 wt% Fe load) prepared by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) method were evaluated in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of m-cresol in a batch reactor. The catalysts have a good iron dispersion and small iron crystalline size, and exhibit high stability during reaction. In addition, the kinetics of the reaction were studied and the initial oxidation rate equation was given. Catalysts were first characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, scanning electronic microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show that extra-framework Fe3+ species (presenting in the form of Fe2O3) are successfully loaded on ZSM-5 supports by MOCVD method. Performances of catalysts were tested and effects of different temperature, stirring rate, catalyst amount on hydrogen peroxide, m-cresol, total organic carbon (TOC) conversion and Fe leaching concentration were studied. Results reveal that catalytic activity increased with higher temperature, faster stirring rate and larger catalyst amount. In all circumstances, m-cresol conversion could reach 99% in 0.5–2.5 h, and the highest TOC removal (80.5%) is obtained after 3 h under conditions of 60°C, 400 r.p.m. and catalyst amount of 2.5 g l−1. The iron-leaching concentrations are less than 1.1 mg l−1 under all conditions. The initial oxidation rate equation is obtained for m-cresol degradation with Fe2O3-ZSM-5 catalysts.

Experimental study on the transformation of biomass and coal under different atmospheric conditions

The exploitation of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions have brought great attention to the utilization of biomass fuel resources. The scholars researcher Were studied with thermo gravimetric mass spectrometry instrument in this paper, four kinds of biomass paralysis gas product characteristics, the small fixed bed is used for rice husk, straw paralysis experiment, the analysis of the microstructure of carob coal, element composition and phase composition of biomass and coal in fluidized bed gasification experiment. The different mixing ratio, air equivalence ratio, the influence law of water vapour in the fuel quality in the gasification process, the analysis of biomass and coal gasification mechanism are studied to explore the synergistic effect of the gasification process. The average gasification reaction rate of RH coal, DWG coal coke and YX coal coke is very different. The average gasification reaction rate of RH coal, DWG coal coke and Yx coal coke in the 0.1mpa paralysis was 1.04s-1, 0.58s-1, and 0.95 s-1. The average gasification reaction rate of the RH was 1.8 times that of DWG coal coke gasification reaction rate. Therefore, we can conclude that RH coal gasification reactivity is the best, YX coal is the second, and DWG coal is the worst. In addition, we can also compare the influence of paralysis pressure on coal coke gasification reactivity. No matter RH, DWG coal or Yx coal, the paralysis pressure increases, the average gasification reaction rate decreases and the gasification reactivity deteriorates. Especially 0.1 MPa paralysis pressure average Yx char gasification reaction rate significantly greater than 0.5 MPa, and 3. The average MPa paralysis pressure Yx char gasification reaction rate is shown in figure 2. Gasification reaction rate and the total carbon conversion rate trend is consistent.

Regasification properties of industrial CFB-gasified semi-char

Fluidized bed (FB) gasification provides a promising way for the clean and effective utilization of low-rank coal. However, massive amounts of high-carbon-containing gasified semi-chars are produced, which greatly reduces its total carbon conversion. The disposal of the semi-char has become an intractable problem. Regasification of the semi-char is a possible way to realize further utilization of the residual carbon and achieve higher carbon conversion of coal gasification. In this paper, the regasification properties of the ultrafine semi-char, obtained from an industrial circulating fluidized bed gasifier, were investigated via thermogravimetric analysis and bench-scale study in a FB reactor. The kinetic parameters are derived by four different reaction models, namely homogeneous model (HM), shrinking core model, random pore model and modified random pore model (MRPM). Both non-isothermal and isothermal tests show that the chemical reactivity of the semi-char is poorer than the coal char. A higher temperature greatly favors regasification of the semi-char. For the studied reaction models, MRPM is the most favorable one for both coal char and semi-char. The activation energy of the semi-char is slightly higher than that of the coal char. Stable regasification of the semi-char in a FB reactor is achieved, and the residual carbon is further utilized. Increasing oxygen concentration could largely improve the heat value of the fuel gas, but slightly decrease the carbon conversion. Higher temperature operation greatly benefits the conversion of the residual carbon in the semi-char. Consequently, it will be considered feasible that the semi-chars are reclaimed and reused as feedstocks for gasification.

Photo Degradation of Methyl Orange by Persulfate Activated with Zero Valent Iron

The oxidative degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) subjected to direct photolysis (Solar) and various oxidative systems was studied. The comparative experiments have shown that MO conversion and mineralization increases in the following order: Solar ∼ Solar/Fe0 ∼ Solar/S2O82- < S2O82-/Fe0 < Solar/S2O82-/Fe0. The influence of the main factors (duration of exposure, the ratio of initial concentrations of MO:S2O82-:Fe0, pH and temperature of the reaction medium) on the degree of MO conversion and mineralization was studied. The optimal pH and temperature of the reaction medium were 5.8 and 25°C, respectively. The rate of MO decomposition and mineralization increased proportionally to the initial concentration of the oxidant at the molar ratios [S2O82-] :[MO] ≤ 12. Judging by the nature of the kinetic curves, a further increase of this ratio is impractical. However, an increase in the oxidant concentration had a positive effect on the degrees of conversion and mineralization of total organic carbon (TOC). Thus, at the ratios of 12:1 and 48:1, the conversion efficiency of TOC was 23 and 60 %, respectively. The optimal concentration of Fe0 was 100 mg/l.

Fe3O4 nanoparticle-encapsulated mesoporous carbon composite: An efficient heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for phenol degradation.

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle-encapsulated mesoporous carbon nanocomposite was fabricated from Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF) (MIL-102) through carbonization. It was found that Fe-based MOF (MIL-102) is a potential precursor for the fabrication of hexagonal mesoporous carbon nanodisk functionalized with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The obtained nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, N2 adsorption and desorption, FE-SEM and HRTEM techniques. As a Fenton-like solid catalyst for phenol degradation, Fe3O4 nanoparticle-encapsulated mesoporous carbon showed greater catalytic activity for the production of hydroxyl radical from the decomposition of H2O2 and it accomplished 100% phenol and 82% total organic carbon (TOC) conversion, within 120min of reaction. This enhanced catalytic performance was due to confined access for the pollutant to the iron oxide nanoparticles provided by mesopores in carbon shell. Bare Fe3O4 nanodisk shows poor catalytic performance in the degradation of phenol, and it obviously reveals the significance of the mesoporous carbon support for iron oxide nanoparticles.

Preparation and application of Cu/ZnO catalyst by urea hydrolysis method for low-temperature methanol synthesis from syngas

The Cu/ZnO catalyst prepared by urea hydrolysis method was investigated for low-temperature methanol synthesis from syngas containing CO2. Concurrently, the activity of the conventional Cu/ZnO catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method was also compared. The effects of precipitation temperature, urea content, stirring speed and the introduction of Al on the catalytic performance of Cu/ZnO were deeply studied. It was found that the total carbon conversion of the Cu/ZnO catalyst prepared by urea hydrolysis method was increased to 45.0% from 32.8%, comparing with that of the catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method. The structure, BET surface area, surface morphology of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, BET, EDX and SEM. The catalyst prepared by urea method obtained higher BET surface area and larger metallic surface area of Cu than those of the co-precipitation method. The crystals sizes of Cu by urea method were smaller than those of co-precipitation method. Surface structure prepared by urea method had needle shape, and it could increase the surface area, different from the catalyst by co-precipitation method. Both the increased BET surface area of the catalysts and the enhanced metallic surface area of Cu0 promoted the catalyst activity for the low-temperature methanol synthesis. The deactivation of the Cu-ZnO catalysts prepared by urea method was not observed in low-temperature methanol synthesis here.

Biofuel production from olive mill wastewater through its Ni/Al 2 O 3 and Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalyzed supercritical water gasification

Abstract This article presents the findings of our research regarding the supercritical water gasification of a real biomass, olive mill wastewater, with Ni/Al 2 O 3 and Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. The experiments were performed at five reaction temperatures between 400 and 600 °C, for five reaction times ranging from 30 to 150 s and at a constant pressure of 25 MPa. It was seen that the employment of catalysts enhanced the gasification and biofuel production yield, which mainly involved methane and hydrogen. Ni/Al 2 O 3 was selective for hydrogen formation, whereas Ru/Al 2 O 3 favored the formation of methane. The highest calorific value of the produced biofuel was obtained as 56123 kJ/m 3 with Ru/Al 2 O 3 at 600 °C and 60 s. Apart from biofuel production, the simultaneous treatment of the wastewater was also accomplished. At elevated temperatures and times, treatment efficiencies greater than 97% based on total organic carbon conversion were reached. Moreover, the kinetic evaluation of the catalytic supercritical water gasification of olive mill wastewater was performed based on first order reaction kinetics.

Preparation of Novel Fe Catalysts from Industrial By-Products: Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Bisphenol A

Biomass-based carbon residue (CR) was used as a support material for iron catalysts to degrade bisphenol A (BPA) in catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). According to the results, CR and Fe/CR catalysts are suitable materials for CWPO. The Fe catalysts were prepared by either incipient wet impregnation or wet impregnation methods with an iron chloride solution. The specific surface area of the prepared catalysts was 17–91 m2 g−1, and it remained the same after the oxidation experiments. The CWPO experiments were carried out batch-wise at c(BPA) =60 mg L−1, c(H2O2) =1.5 g L−1, c(catalyst) =1–2 g L−1, T = 50 °C and at the initial pH. The 5.0Fe/CR catalyst was found to be active with BPA removal and total organic carbon (TOC) conversion of 83 and 64%, respectively, and was the most stable catalyst with negligible iron leaching during the 3 h experiment.

Comparison of gasification performances between raw and torrefied biomasses in an air-blown fluidized-bed gasifier

A CFD-DEM model already developed by the authors has been extended to directly compare the gasification performances between raw and torrefied grassy biomasses in an air-blown fluidized-bed gasifier. The bed material is non-calcined olivine which acts as the solid heat carrier. Furthermore, effects of four key operating parameters (i.e., gasification temperature Tr, excess air ratio λ, steam addition, and biomass feed location) are also systematically examined. The results are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively by various indices: the fluidization behavior, bed pressure drop, product gas concentration profiles, total gas yield, and carbon conversion (CC). For both raw and torrefied biomasses, increasing Tr can enhance both the total gas yield and CC; rising λ decreases the H2 yield but increases the CO2 yield and CC; the steam addition has a positive influence on the total gas yield and CC and it can also be used to adjust the H2/CO ratio in the product gas; both the total gas yield and CC decrease with raising the height of the biomass feed location. For all cases, the torrefied biomass obtains a lower H2 yield and CC but a higher CO yield than its raw counterpart under the same operating conditions, suggesting that torrefied biomass requires a longer conversion process compared with raw fuel. Moreover, the gasification behavior of torrefied biomass is more dependent on the fuel feed location than raw fuel and such knowledge is important for the optimal design of fluidized-bed gasifier for torrefied feedstock.

Fermentative biohydrogen and biomethane co-production from mixture of food waste and sewage sludge: Effects of physiochemical properties and mix ratios on fermentation performance

The accumulation of increasingly generated food waste and sewage sludge is currently a heavy burden on environment in China. In this study, the physiochemical properties of food waste and sewage sludge were identified using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate the effects on the fermentation performance in the co-fermentation of food waste and sewage sludge for biohydrogen production. The high gelatinized organic components in food waste, the enhanced bioaccessibility due to the dilution of mineral compounds in sewage sludge, and the balanced C/N ratio synergistically improved the fermentative biohydrogen production through the co-fermentation of food waste and sewage sludge at a volatile solids (VS) mix ratio of 3:1. The biohydrogen yield of 174.6mL/gVS was 49.9% higher than the weighted average calculated from mono-fermentation of food waste and sewage sludge. Co-fermentation also strengthened the hydrolysis and acidogenesis of the mixture, resulting in a total carbon conversion efficiency of 63.3% and an energy conversion efficiency of 56.6% during biohydrogen production. After the second-stage anaerobic digestion of hydrogenogenic effluent, the energy yield from the mixed food waste and sewage sludge significantly increased from 1.9kJ/gVS in the first-stage biohydrogen production to 11.3kJ/gVS in the two-stage fermentative biohydrogen and biomethane co-production.

Novel hybrid process for the conversion of microcrystalline cellulose to value-added chemicals: part 1: process optimization

In this paper, a novel hybrid process for the treatment of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) under hot-compressed water was investigated by applying constant direct current on the reaction medium. Constant current range from 1A to 2A was applied through a cylindrical anode made of titanium to the reactor wall. Reactions were conducted using a specially designed batch reactor (450 mL) made of SUS 316 stainless steel for 30–120 min of reaction time at temperature range of 170–230 °C. As a proton donor H2SO4 was used at concentrations of 1–50 mM. Main hydrolysis products of MCC degradation in HCW were detected as glucose, fructose, levulinic acid, 5-HMF, and furfural. For the quantification of these products, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS) were used. A ½ fractional factorial design with 2-level of four factors; reaction time, temperature, H2SO4 concentration and applied current with 3 center points were built and responses were statistically analyzed. Response surface methodology was used for process optimization and it was found that introduction of 1A current at 200 °C to the reaction medium increased Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and cellulose conversions to 62 and 81 %, respectively. Moreover, application of current diminished the necessary reaction temperature and time to obtain high TOC and cellulose conversion values and hence decreased the energy required for cellulose hydrolysis to value added chemicals. Applied current had diverse effect on levulinic acid concentration (29.9 %) in the liquid product (230 °C, 120 min., 2 A, 50 mM H2SO4).

Modeling Total Organic Carbon Variation in a Photocatalytic Process via Stochastic Differential Equations

Advanced oxidative processes (AOP) are an important alternative in the treatment of industrial effluents. Several studies in the literature report that the kinetic profile of organic matter oxidation presents behavior typical of pseudo-first-order reactions. Recent work indicates a conversion rate in two phases: (1) a rapid initial phase described in pseudo-first-order kinetics and (2) a decelerated phase described as pseudo-first order. Previously published work proposed an empirical stochastic model that reproduced these behaviors. In the present study, we found the average conversion degradation calculated by the stochastic model can approximate this dual-reaction rate behavior. This model thus presents a method for estimating the apparent kinetics constant from the model parameters without the need to arbitrarily separate the two conversion stages in the same oxidation process. Additionally, the model's capability to describe the conversion of organic load for different types of effluents and processes showed that this model satisfactorily describes total organic carbon conversion for three different waste (leachate, dairy, and a synthetic one involving benzoic acid) handled by different AOP. Thus, this work evidenced that the proposed model can describe diversified oxidation processes combined with the carbonaceous charge degradation contained in complex industrial effluents.

Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol over Fe2O3/MCM-41 in a fixed bed reactor

Abstract Iron-containing (10 w/w%) MCM-41 catalysts were prepared and tested for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of phenol aqueous solutions in a fixed bed reactor. First, Fe 2 O 3 /MCM-41 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption-desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), respectively. Second, the effect of temperature, catalyst bed height and feed flow rate on phenol mineralization, hydrogen peroxide and total organic carbon (TOC) conversions were studied to determine the optimum condition. Moreover, Fe leaching concentration was detected to study the stability of the Fe 2 O 3 /MCM-41 catalyst. Finally, the evolution of intermediates was monitored to investigate the probable reaction mechanism of phenol oxidation over Fe 2 O 3 /MCM-41 catalyst in the fixed bed reactor. The experimental results showed that the conversion of TOC reached 72.5% and few Fe (0.01 mg/L) was detected under optimum condition (namely, feed flow rate of 2.0 ml/min, temperature of 80 °C, catalyst bed height of 4 cm). The probable multistep reaction route for oxidative destruction of phenol over Fe 2 O 3 /MCM-41 catalyst in a fixed bed reactor is based on hydroxyl radical reacting with phenol, resulted in aromatics such as catechol and hydroquinone, and p-benzoquinone, followed by evolution to carboxylic acids and finally completing oxidation to carbon dioxide and water. Few intermediate products were detected in the treated effluent when the catalyst bed height was higher than 2 cm.

Structural and kinetical studies on the supercritical CO2 dried Cu/ZnO catalyst for low-temperature methanol synthesis

The Cu/ZnO catalyst prepared by supercritical phase CO2 drying (denoted as CZS catalyst) and the conventional Cu/ZnO catalyst prepared by heating dry process (denoted as CZO catalyst) were comparatively investigated. The low-temperature methanol synthesis reaction from CO+CO2+H2 using 2-butanol as solvent was conducted over the CZS and CZO catalysts at 443K and 5.0MPa for continuous 20h in a flow-type reactor. It was found that the total carbon conversion of the CZS catalyst was increased from 35.1% to 46.4% and the methanol yield of the CZS catalyst was enhanced from 33.8% to 44.8%, comparing with those of the CZO catalyst. The results of kinetic analysis by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra (DRIFTS) revealed that the reaction rate of the low-temperature methanol synthesis on CZS catalyst was faster than that on CZO catalyst at 443K, in good accordance to the catalytic reaction performances. It was indicated that the supercritical fluid CO2, which was used to dry the catalyst precursor, suppressed the sintering of the Cu and ZnO particles and increased both the BET surface area of the catalysts and metallic surface area of Cu0, which further improved the reaction activity of the catalyst for the low temperature methanol synthesis.

排放强度约束下我国碳金融市场的制度选择

面对气候变化的严峻形势，我国在推进碳减排工作中制定了相关政策和实践。但是由于现行环境管理推进模式存在很多弊端，使得我国的碳减排工作困难重重。因此，我国必须探寻一种新型的碳减排制度，提高我国碳减排领域的效率，降低减排成本。国际社会上碳排放强度提出后，显示出其对经济增长和治理环境问题的重要作用。联合国气候大会上，我国政府提出了基于碳强度指标的自愿减排的目标。因此，本文采用规范分析方法，提出建立碳强度约束下的碳金融市场是我国应对气候变化的必然制度选择。最终得出结论，我国需要从特殊国情出发，将碳强度与碳市场进行有机结合，建立一个基于碳排放强度指标减排的碳金融市场。并需要在限定排放目标的基础上，明确买卖主体，完成碳强度指标与碳总量指标的转化，最终实现分行业、分地区的碳交易。 Face to the serious situation of climate change, China has made the related policies and practices in promoting carbon reduction work. But, the current environmental management advance mode has many disadvantages; it made the carbon reduction work hard. Therefore, China must explore a new type of carbon reduction system to improve the efficiency in the field of carbon emissions, and also reduce the costs. Now, the international community has raised carbon intensity reduction mode, and it has showed its important role in economic growth and governance facing to the en-vironmental problems. In the UN climate conference, the Chinese government has presented the carbon intensity of voluntary emission reduction targets. Therefore, the establishment of carbon financial market under the restriction of carbon intensity is the necessary choice in China using the standard analysis method. We need to start with special national conditions in China, combine the carbon intensity to carbon market, and finally create a carbon market based on carbon emission intensity target. And we need to clear trading bodies, complete the conversion of total carbon to carbon intensity index on the basis of defining emission targets, and ultimately complete industry and region carbon trade.

Photodegradation applied to the treatment of phenol and derived substances catalyzed by TiO2/BiPO4 and biological toxicity analysis.

For this work, a phenol solution model was treated by an advanced oxidation process (AOPs), using the heterogeneous catalyst TiO2/BiPO4 and hydrogen peroxide combined with UVA for 240min. An annular reactor containing a UVA lamp (80W) was employed. A central composite rotacional design was developed employing a TiO2/BiPO4 concentration of 87mgL-1 and a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 1800mgL-1, being evaluated by the degradation percentage and phenol mineralization percentage as responses; 94.30 and 67.00% were obtained for the phenol degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) conversion, respectively. The lumped kinetic model (LKM) was applied and a satisfactory profile of the residual fractions of the organic compounds present in the liquid phase as a time function with a determination coefficient (R 2 = 0.9945). The toxicity tests employing microbiological species indicated that the organisms tested for the evaluation of the toxic compounds present in the contaminated samples presented a practical low cost test, rapid execution, and high sensibility as an indicator of the presence of toxic substances in liquid effluents.

The effect of ultrasonic treatment on iron–chromium pillared bentonite synthesis and catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol

In this study, compared to traditional methods, Fe/Cr-pillared bentonite synthesis whose Fe/Cr mol ratio is 1/9 is carried out by considerably reducing the water consumption and synthesis time. Fe/Cr-pillared bentonites were characterized by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive system (SEM–EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2-adsorption/desorption isotherm. The characterization results indicated that the Fe/Cr-DC sample prepared by adding dry clay to the pillaring solution directly exhibits comparable surface properties to those of the sample (Fe/Cr-SS) prepared by adding the pillaring solution on clay dispersion slowly. Catalytic behavior of Fe/Cr-pillared bentonites was tested for the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of phenol with ultrasonic heating. No significant difference is observed among the phenol conversions for all of the synthesized samples. Phenol conversion increased with increasing temperature until 45°C, but further increasing the temperature in higher than 45°C was not very effective. The phenol conversion at pH5 was higher than at pH7. Additionally, a nearly complete removal of phenol was obtained over 2h using Fe/Cr-DC catalysts, at the experimental conditions of T=45°C, pH5, mcat=5g/L, [H2O2/phenol]=16, during reaction peroxide addition (2×10−4mol/h) and ultrasonic heating. It is obtained that, aromatic intermediate products as catechol, hydroquinone and benzoquinones which are obtained in the beginning of oxidation oxidated into carboxylic acids. However, carboxylic acids such as oxalic and formic acid showing resistance to oxidation results by the level of total organic carbon (TOC) conversion being low.

Comparison of catalysis and high energy irradiation for the intensification of wet oxidation as process wastewater pretreatment

Enhancing reaction rate in wet oxidation (WO) with catalysis and high energy irradiation was tested by comparing them with the usual thermal reaction. Total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand (COD) conversion values of phenol degradation in the thermal WO were 1000 h), that of the electron beam irradiation is the solving the problem of the introduction of the electron beam into the reaction mixture under high oxygen pressure without significant loss of intensity.

The treatment of landfill leachate over Ni/Al2O3 by supercritical water oxidation

This study presents the findings of our research regarding the catalytic treatment of landfill leachate over Ni/Al2O3 by supercritical water oxidation. Hydrogen peroxide was used as the oxygen source. The experiments were carried out at a constant pressure of 25MPa, in the temperature range of 400–600°C and the reaction time range of 30–150s. The effects of temperature, reaction time, pressure, catalyst and oxidant use on the total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of the liquid effluents were examined. As a result, it was seen that supercritical water oxidation was a very effective method for the treatment of landfill leachate. Treatment efficiencies up to 98.2% in terms of total organic carbon conversion were obtained. However nitrogen removal achieved about 57% in terms of total nitrogen conversion.

Intensified-Fenton process for the treatment of phenol aqueous solutions.

An intensified-Fenton process for the treatment of phenol aqueous solutions has been studied as a continuous catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation system. This process consists of coupling the catalytic activity of a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst with the homogeneous contribution of its dissolved iron species. Agglomerated mesoporous SBA-15 silica-supported iron oxide (Fe₂O₃/SBA-15) material was used as heterogeneous catalyst. The influence of the reaction temperature and the initial hydrogen peroxide dosages was studied in order to minimize the operation cost of the process. The catalytic performance of the process was assessed in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) and hydrogen peroxide conversions. Likewise, the stability of the solid Fenton-like catalyst was also evaluated in terms of the dissolved iron species. The increase of the reaction temperature enhanced the TOC conversion and reduced the iron leaching from the heterogeneous catalyst. These results were related to the degradation of oxalic acid as responsible for iron extraction by formation of soluble stable iron complexes into the aqueous medium. Finally, the use of a moderate hydrogen peroxide concentration (2.6 g/L) and milder temperatures (80-120 °C) has led to remarkable results of TOC and phenol reductions as well as oxidant efficiency through the intensified-Fenton process.