Total Calories Research Articles

Real-world evidence regarding the growth of very premature infants with small for gestational age after birth: a multicenter survey in China

BackgroundTo analyze the real-world growth pattern of very premature infants (VPI) with small for gestational age (SGA) after birth by using the ΔZ value of weight at discharge.MethodsThe clinical data were collected from 28 hospitals in China from September 2019 to December 2020. They were divided into the EUGR(Extrauterine Growth Restriction) and the non-EUGR group according to the criterion of ΔZ value of weight at discharge < –1.28.ResultsThis study included 133 eligible VPI with SGA. Following the criterion of ΔZ value, the incidence of EUGR was 36.84% (49/133). The birth weight, the 5-min Apgar score, and the proportion of male infants in the EUGR group were lower (P < 0.05). The average invasive ventilation time, cumulative duration of the administration of antibiotics, blood transfusion time, blood transfusion ratio, and total days of hospitalization were significantly higher in the EUGR group (P < 0.05). In the EUGR group, several factors exhibited higher values (P < 0.05), including the initiation of enteral feeding, the volume of milk supplemented with human milk fortifier (HMF), the duration to achieve complete fortification, the cumulative duration of fasting, the duration to achieve full enteral feeding, the length of parenteral nutrition (PN), the number of days required to attain the desired total calorie intake and oral calorie intake, as well as the age at which birth weight was regained. The average weight growth velocity (GV) was significantly lower in the EUGR group (P < 0.001). The incidences of patent ductus arteriosus with hemodynamic changes (hsPDA), neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) stage≥ 2, late-onset sepsis (LOS), and feeding intolerance (FI) in the EUGR group were higher (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that birth weight, male, and GV were the protective factors, while a long time to achieve full-dose fortification, slow recovery of birth weight, and NEC stage ≥2 were the independent risk factors.ConclusionSGA in VPI can reflect the occurrence of EUGR more accurately by using the ΔZ value of weight at discharge. Enhancing enteral nutrition support, achieving prompt and complete fortification of breast milk, promoting greater GV, reducing the duration of birth weight recovery, and minimizing the risk of NEC can contribute to a decreased occurrence of EUGR.Trial registrationCHICTR, ChiCTR1900023418. Registered 26/05/2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn.

Characteristics Associated With Purchasing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Bottled Water Among US Households, 2015

BackgroundFrequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) among US adults is a public health concern because it has been associated with increased risks for adverse health outcomes such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In contrast, drinking plain water (such as tap, bottled, or unsweetened sparkling water) instead of drinking SSBs might provide health benefits by improving diet quality and helping prevent chronic diseases. However, there is limited information on estimated expenditures on SSBs or bottled water among US households. ObjectiveThis study examined differences in SSB and bottled water purchasing according to household and geographic area characteristics and estimated costs spent on purchasing SSB and bottled water from retail stores among a nationally representative sample of US households. DesignThis study is a secondary analysis of the 2015 Circana (formerly Information Resources Inc) Consumer Network Panel data, which were merged with the US Department of Agriculture nutrition data using the US Department of Agriculture Purchase-to-Plate Crosswalk-2015 dataset (the latest available version of the Purchase-to-Plate Crosswalk at the time the study began), and the Child Opportunity Index 2.0 data. Participants/settingsA total of 63,610 households, representative of the contiguous US population, consistently provided food and beverage purchase scanner data from retail stores throughout 2015. Explanatory variablesThe included demographic and socioeconomic variables were household head’s age, marital status, highest education level, race and ethnicity of the primary shopper in the household, family income relative to the federal poverty level, and presence of children in the household. In addition, descriptors of households’ residential areas were included, such as the county-level poverty prevalence, urbanization, census region, and census tract level Child Opportunity Index. Main outcome measuresAnnual per capita spending on SSB and bottled water and daily per capita SSB calories purchased. Statistical analysisUnadjusted and multivariable adjusted mean values of the main outcome measures were compared by household demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics using linear regression analysis including Circana’s household projection factors. ResultsNearly all households reported purchasing SSBs at least once during 2015 and spent on average $47 (interquartile range = $20) per person per year on SSBs, which corresponded to 211 kcal (interquartile range = 125 kcal) of SSBs per person per day. About seven in 10 households reported purchasing bottled water at least once during 2015 and spent $11 (interquartile range = $5) per person on bottled water per year. Both annual per capita SSB and bottled water spending, and daily per capita SSB calories purchased was highest for households whose heads were between 40 and 59 years of age, had low household income, or lived in poor counties, or counties with a low Child Opportunity Index. Annual per capita spending was also higher for households with never married/widowed/divorced head, or at least 1 non-Hispanic Black head, and households without children, or those living in the South. Daily per capita SSB calorie purchases were highest for households where at least 1 head had less than a high school degree, households with at least 1 Hispanic or married head, and households with children or those living in the Midwest. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that households that had lower socioeconomic status had higher annual per capita spending on SSBs and bottled water and higher daily per capita total SSB calories purchased than households with higher socioeconomic status.

Comparative Analysis Reveals Different Evolutionary Fates and Biological Functions in Wheat Duplicated Genes (Triticum aestivum L.).

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food crop that provides 20% of total human calorie consumption. Gene duplication has been considered to play an important role in evolution by providing new genetic resources. However, the evolutionary fates and biological functions of the duplicated genes in wheat remain to be elucidated. In this study, the resulting data showed that the duplicated genes evolved faster with shorter gene lengths, higher codon usage bias, lower expression levels, and higher tissue specificity when compared to non-duplicated genes. Our analysis further revealed functions of duplicated genes in various biological processes with significant enrichment to environmental stresses. In addition, duplicated genes derived from dispersed, proximal, tandem, transposed, and whole-genome duplication differed in abundance, evolutionary rate, gene compactness, expression pattern, and genetic diversity. Tandem and proximal duplicates experienced stronger selective pressure and showed a more compact gene structure with diverse expression profiles than other duplication modes. Moreover, genes derived from different duplication modes showed an asymmetrical evolutionary pattern for wheat A, B, and D subgenomes. Several candidate duplication hotspots associated with wheat domestication or polyploidization were characterized as potential targets for wheat molecular breeding. Our comprehensive analysis revealed the evolutionary trajectory of duplicated genes and laid the foundation for future functional studies on wheat.

Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Depressive Symptoms among a Nationally Representative Sample of Pregnant Women in the United States

BackgroundPrenatal depression affects ∼12% of pregnant women in the United States and is associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes and maternal mortality. Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern may reduce and/or protect against depressive symptoms. ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and depressive symptoms among pregnant women in the United States. MethodsWe used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018, N = 540) and included pregnant women aged 18–44 y with a positive urine pregnancy test. The Mediterranean diet score (aMED) was calculated from 1 24-h recall; aMED typically ranges from 0–9, but in these analyses, it ranged from 0–8 because alcohol was not included. The aMED score was dichotomized as high (>3) compared with low (≤3). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which measures depressive symptoms, was dichotomized as lower compared with higher (PHQ-9 score ≥10), based on the clinical cutoff for patient referral. Our primary model employed logistic regression to investigate the association between aMED adherence and high depressive symptoms when controlling for socio-demographics (age, racial/ethnicity, education, poverty, and relationship status), total calories, and prepregnancy body mass index (kg/m2). We also modeled the PHQ-9 score as a continuous variable using a random-effects model. ResultsAbout 5% of pregnant women had moderate to severe depressive symptoms, and 45% were highly adherent to a Mediterranean diet. Higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms (odds ratio: 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.10, 0.98). Results were not significant for the continuous PHQ-9 score (β: –0.30; 95% confidence interval: –0.90, 0.30). ConclusionsAdherence to a Mediterranean diet may have the potential to lower depressive symptoms among pregnant women; however, these results should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, considering the public health significance of promoting mental wellness among pregnant women, this relationship merits further examination using experimental designs.

Roux-en-y gastric bypass reduces body parameters but does not alter diet quality during six months follow-up

Backgroung: the diet quality contributes for the success of weight loss treatment after bariatric surgery.&#x0D; Objective: to evaluate weight loss, body parameters and diet quality during the short-term (6 months) follow-up of subjects undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB).&#x0D; Methods: prospective and observational study, carried out with adult patients, of both sexes, submitted to RYGB. Weight, BMI, percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and diet quality were evaluated before (T0), and approximately in the second (T1) and sixth month (T2) after RYGB. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman’s test, with 5% significance level.&#x0D; Results: the final sample consisted of 18 patients, (89% female). %TWL was 16.2% at T1 and 26.7% at T2. There was a significant reduction in weight, BMI, WC, FM, FFM (p&lt;0.001), in total daily calorie intake (p=0.017), and in total fat consumption (p=0.009) over the course of the evaluated moments. The diet was classified as low quality, mainly due to the low intake of cereals, roots, tubers, fruits, vegetables, legumes, meat, eggs, milk and derivatives, not differing between the evaluated moments (p&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: in the present study, despite adequate weight loss and reduction of body parameters, subjects submitted to RYGB showed a low diet quality during the follow-up, indicating the maintenance of inadequate eating habits.

Capabilities of wheat crop farmers in the selected war zones in Afghanistan

Wheat is Afghanistan's principal food crop, and sustaining its production is critical to guaranteeing food security and self-sufficiency. Wheat crops contributed approximately 60% to 75% of total calorie consumption in the country. However, as a country that has been at war since 1978, it has been difficult for the wheat production enterprise to keep up with demand in order to feed the population. In order to be resilient in their operations and grow in the face of conflict and war, the players in this industry may have to withstand, survive and adapt to different situations and phenomena within the conflict and war conditions as compared to the normal wheat production context in the peaceful countries. Hence, the objective of this research is to look into the capabilities of the parties involved in wheat crop production in a prolonged war zone. This research was based on a qualitative case study. Interviews, observations, and documents were used to gather the necessary information, which was then analyzed using thematic analysis. This study revealed that ten out of fourteen capability constructs of resilience framework were applicable while four were not applicable in a war zone. This study also found some specific capabilities that wheat crop farmers possess and enable them to produce wheat crops in war conditions. This study provided new information regarding farmers’ capabilities in agriculture production in a war zone.

Analysis of Consumer Preferences and Nutritional Composition of Analogue Shrimp Made from African Catfish Surimi with Addition of Flavor

African catfish is one of the freshwater fish species that is cultivated intensively and is quite abundant in Indonesia, but has a relatively low selling price so that needed innovation through surimi processing for the development of various commercial products such as analog shrimp and other processed products. The purpose of the study was to examine the level of consumer preferences, nutritional composition and quality deterioration of analog shrimp. The study used a completely randomized design with the addition of shrimp flavoring treatment (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%). The addition of 1% shrimp essence is a treatment that is highly favored by consumers with an average preference value of 3.60 and water content (69.96%); ash (2.13%); protein (12.08%); fat (3.52%) and carbohydrate (11,59%). The total calories produced by analog shrimp from fat (32 calories), protein (48 calories) and carbohydrates (46 calories) is 126 calories, thus the serving size of the product per 100 grams contains 126 kcal. The content of TPC and TVB-N were 3.17 log cfu/gram and 10.12 mg/100 gram, respectively, on the last (5th) storage day, indicating that analog shrimp was still fit for consumption.

Association of potato consumption with calcified atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries: The NHLBI Family Heart Study

Background and aimsWhile the association of potato consumption with risk factors for coronary artery disease has been inconsistent, no data are available in the literature on the influence of potato consumption on subclinical disease. Thus, we sought to examine whether baked/mashed potato consumption is associated with calcified atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries. Methods and ResultsIn a cross-sectional design, we studied 2208 participants of the NHLBI Family Heart Study. These subjects were selected based on their elevated cardiovascular disease risk compared to the general population. Potato consumption was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We defined prevalent CAC using an Agatston score of at least 100 and fitted generalized estimating equations to calculate prevalence odds ratios of CAC. Mean age at initial clinic visit was 58.2 years and 55% were female. Median consumption of potatoes was 2–4/week. There was no statistically significant association between frequency of potato consumption and prevalent CAC: odds ratios (95% CI) for CAC were 1.0 (reference), 0.85 (0.56–1.30), 0.85 (0.58–1.26), and 0.95 (0.60–1.53) among subjects reporting potato consumption of <1/week, 1/week, 2–4/week, and 5+/week, respectively (p for linear trend 0.83), adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, exercise, diabetes, hypertension, total calories, prevalent coronary heart disease, income, education, and daily red meat intake. ConclusionsWe found no significant association between baked/mashed potato consumption and CAC in older adults. Study registration numberNCT00005136. Study registration date: 5/25/2000.

The Mediterranean diet is associated with better cardiometabolic health for women in mid-life but not men: A PREVENT dementia cohort cross-sectional analysis

Background and aimsThe Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been associated with better cardiovascular health in a number of studies. This study aimed to explore cross-sectional associations between MedDiet adherence in the PREVENT Dementia (PREVENT) programme, stratified by sex. Methods and resultsThree MedDiet scores were calculated (MEDAS, MEDAS continuous and Pyramid) alongside a Western diet score. We used linear regression and linear mixed effects models to test for associations between the MEDAS score and cardiovascular health. Propensity scores were calculated to strengthen causality inferences from the data, and used as covariates along with total energy intake and Western diet scores. Exploratory analysis repeated the linear regression models for each individual food component. This study included 533 participants, with a mean age 51.25 (±5.40) years, and a majority of women (60.0%). Women had higher MedDiet scores across all three scoring methods, had a lower Western diet score and consumed fewer total calories. Higher MedDiet scores were associated with lower blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and lower cardiovascular risk scores. When stratified by sex, women had significant positive associations between MedDiet scores and lower blood pressure, BMI and glycemia, whereas men only had a significant association with lower BMI. ConclusionThere were significant associations between higher MedDiet scores and a number of cardiovascular health outcome measures. These associations were seen more consistently for women compared to men, which may have implications for the development of personalised nutritional recommendations to improve cardiovascular health.

Nutritional evaluation of potato milk produced by ultrasonication–A functional alternative for bovine milk

Plant-based functional beverages developed as an alternative to cow milk are gaining popularity because they are rich in bioactive and nutraceutical ingredients. Although the newly developed potato milk resembles cow milk in its physicochemical properties, its nutritional value is unknown. Accordingly, the research aimed to quantify the aggregate of macro and micronutrients in potato milk processed by ultrasonication. The macronutrients in potato milk include total calories (111.5 ± 0.09 kcal), carbohydrate content (65.3 ± 0.234 %), protein content (2.2 ± 0.0365 %), fat content (0.3 ± 0.001 %), reducing sugar (0.6 ± 0.057 %), non-reducing sugar (0.4 ± 0.023 %), total sugar (1 ± 0.087 %), and added sugar (0 %). The micronutrients assessed include calcium content (13 ± 0.023 mg/100 g), magnesium content (24.7 ± 0.089 mg/100 g), zinc content (0.26 ± 0.345 mg/100 g), sodium content (0.58 ± 0.067 mg/100 g), vitamin C content (28 ± 0.099 mg/100 g), iron content (0.82 ± 1.034 mg/100 ml), phosphorous content (84 ± 0.678 mg/100 ml), potassium content (835 ± 0.067 mg/100 g), manganese content (0.074 ± 0.423 mg/100 ml), cholesterol content (0 ± 0.586 %), and amino acid content (36 ± 0.003 mg/100 ml). As a result, the developed potato milk has adequate macro and micronutrients to maintain stable health, making it a promising alternative to dairy products with packed nutrients.

Blood pressure variation and ultra-processed food consumption in children with obesity.

To investigate the influence of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in children with obesity, using dietary and urinary markers. We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial involving children with obesity, aged 7 to 12years. Over a period of six months, the children and their guardians attended monthly individual consultations and educational activities aimed at promoting a reduction in UPF consumption. During each visit, measurements of blood pressure, body weight, height, and 24-h dietary recall were recorded. Additionally, spot urine samples were collected at baseline, and at the second and fifth-month follow-ups. A total of 96 children were included in the analysis. Energy intake, UPF intake and blood pressure showed a quadratic pattern of change, with a decrease in the first two months and an increase thereafter. There was an association between UPF consumption and DBP. The intake of UPF was correlated with the urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio (r = 0.29; p = 0.008) and the dietary Na/K ratio (r = 0.40; p < 0.001). For every 100g increase in UPF, DBP increased by 0.28mmHg (p-value = 0.01). After further adjustment for changes in body mass index (BMI), and physical activity, the increase in DBP was 0.22mmHg. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that reducing UPF consumption may have an impact on blood pressure in children with obesity. Additional adjustment for BMI and physical activity did not influence the results. Therefore, reducing UPF consumption can be considered as a strategy against hypertension. What is Known: • Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; however, this evidence is still limited in children. • Intake of calories from ultra-processed food in relation to the total calories is increasing worldwide. What is New: • Ultra-processed food consumption has an effect on the diastolic blood pressure, independent of changes in weight. • The intake of ultra-processed food was correlated to the dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio (r = 0.40; p < 0.001).

Red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) instant porridge: Effect of isomaltooligosaccharides and Fibercreme as sucrose replacement on lipid profile improvement in hypercholesterol-induced rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of consumption pregelatinized kidney bean porridge with variation of sweetener including sucrose (BKM S), isomaltooligosaccharides (BKM IMO) and Fibercreme (BKM FC) in hypercholesterolemia rats on the lipid profile, bile acid binding capacity, digesta cholesterol excretion and digesta characters including weight, water content and pH. The diets included standard diet for Negative Control rats (NC diet) and kidney bean porridge diets with different sweeteners: sucrose (BKM S diet), IMO (BKM IMO diet) and fibercreme (BKM FC diet), respectively. Red kidney bean instant porridge substituted 30% of total calories of the diets. All of the diets were formulated based on AIN 93M standard and were fed for 28 days. The result showed that BKM IMO and BKM FC diets improve lipid profile of rats by reducing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and increasing HDL cholesterol. In addition, both diets increased cholesterol excretion. In vitro measurement of bile acid binding capacity showed that BKM IMO and BKM FC have a higher binding capacity than BKM S. It can be argued that increasing of cholesterol excretion and bile acids binding capacity of these diets are responsible for the improving of the lipid profile. BKM IMO and BKM FC have higher digesta weight and water content but lower pH. It is concluded that substitution of sucrose as sweetener with isomalto-oligosaccharides and Fibercreme in the formulation of pregelatinized kidney bean porridge improve the beneficial health effect of kidney bean porridge.

P23-007-23 Association Between Total Calorie and Protein Intake and Muscle Mass Preservation in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers

P23-007-23 Association Between Total Calorie and Protein Intake and Muscle Mass Preservation in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers

WINTER WHEAT YIELD AND QUALITY DEPENDING ON CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION, DIFFERENT TREATMENTS AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS

Winter wheat is one of the most important crop in the world of particular economic importance, bread made from wheat flour being the essential food, also ensuring about 20% total calories consumed. Identifying a technology that ensures a superior quality, but also a high and stable production of the wheat crop by choosing: the right tillage system, the optimal level of fertilization and the treatment to combat diseases and pests is one of the priorities of agricultural research. In order to evaluate the influence of chemical fertilization, seed treatment and tillage system on winter wheat yield and quality, a field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda (ARDS Turda), in 2020-2021. The Andrada winter wheat variety was used for the experiment. The experimental factors were: soil tillage system with four graduations, seed and foliar treatment with three graduations and chemical fertilization with three graduations. Even if high yield was obtained when conventional system was adopted, good winter wheat yield was observed in minimum tillage or no-tillage system when high doses of fertilization were experimented.

Do obese and nonobese consumers respond differently to price changes? Implications of preference heterogeneity for obesity‐oriented food taxes and subsidies

AbstractPreference heterogeneity in food demand has important health and equity implications for targeted and broad‐based taxes and subsidies intended to enhance diet quality and reduce obesity. We study the role of obesity in the purchases of food at home and food away from home using data from the nationally representative National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey. We develop a method for incorporating the complex survey design and retail scanner data into the estimation of a 21‐good Exact Affine Stone Index demand system with endogenous prices and truncated purchases. We find significant preference heterogeneity associated with the obesity status of household members. Counterfactual simulations find that (1) a sweetened beverage tax is effective in increasing the healthfulness of purchases by lower income obese consumers; (2) the nutritional benefits of a fruit and vegetable subsidy are concentrated on nonobese consumers with little improvement in obese consumers' Healthy Eating Index and an increase in their total calories purchased; and (3) a fiscally neutral healthy food subsidy fully funded by an unhealthy food tax benefits nonobese consumers both financially and nutritionally more than it does obese consumers. These findings show that lowering healthy food prices without raising the cost of unhealthy foods is unlikely to reduce obesity. Policymakers in favor of a systems approach of simultaneously taxing unhealthy foods and subsidizing healthy foods should be mindful of the distributional effects of this policy on obese consumers and the lower income population.

Differential effect of ramadan fasting on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus patients

BackgroundThe month of Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims. During this month, Muslims do not eat, drink, or smoke from sunrise to sunset. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will also fast from dawn to dusk, creating a unique opportunity to study the effects of dietary changes during fasting period. One of the interesting results of Ramadan fasting is its effect on endothelial dysfunction, measured using Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as a biological marker of endothelial function. AimTo determine the changes ICAM-1 levels in T2DM and non-DM patients during Ramadan fasting. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on 26 T2DM patients and 21 non-DM, age-matched patients (aged 19–60 years). Measurement of metabolic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total calorie intake, and intensity of physical activity), anthropometry (body weight, body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference), total dietary intake, and laboratory analysis (blood glucose fasting, HbA1c, lipid profile, ICAM-1) were done at 4 weeks before (T0) and 14 days after Ramadan fasting (T1). ResultThe median ICAM-1 level in T2DM patients at T0 was 340.9 (193–505) ng/mL and at T1 was 312.3 (158–581) ng/mL, while the ICAM-1 level in non-DM patients at T0 was 482 (305–653) and at T1 was 398.4 (202–526) ng/mL. There was no significant difference of ICAM-1 level between study groups at both T0 and T1 (p > 0.05). Both T2DM and non-DM patients had lower ICAM-1 level following Ramadan fasting. However, only non-DM patients had significantly lower post Ramadan ICAM-1 (p = 0.008) ConclusionThere was a significant decrease in ICAM-1 level in both T2DM and non-DM patients after Ramadan fasting.

Value addition and bioprospecting of indigenous ethnic food, Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Blume (Araceae) for sustainable livelihood

Tripura, a small hilly state in India, harbors a treasure trove of traditional knowledge that revolves around utilizing forest-based resources for sustenance. Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Blume, which belongs to the family Araceae, is a widely available and preferred food choice for the ethnic communities in Tripura. This study aimed to look at its biochemical potential for adding value and for bioprospecting. Several markets and homes were polled to determine how they could be used for more than one thing and to estimate the wild stock, demand, and supply. The results revealed that the corm is processed to make a food cake known as Batema and has a high market value. Batema is a traditional food that is high in carbs and is sold in the local markets which are alternative to soybeans and tofu. Furthermore, the nutritional content analysis reveals that a higher proportion of carbohydrate (7.73%) is present, followed by protein (3.15%), fat (0.05%), and estimated total calories (43.97 kcal/g). Besides that, the number of micronutrients and minerals, viz., Na (26.08%), Mg (0.94%), Al (1.92%), P (1.21%), K (2.99%), and Ca (4.34%), was also estimated. These findings suggested that Batema could be a resource for dietary supplements, which improve the healthfulness of novel foods for human consumption. Unfortunately, this food product is sold locally, which on the contrary, can be revolutionized from its traditional production into large-scale production at the commercial level. Such an approach will help secure livelihoods and increase the production and trade of this unique product.

Effect of Dietary Modification and Physical Activity on Obese Young Adults Going to Gym for Weight Loss in Central India: A Before and After Study.

An adequate diet is a prerequisite for appropriate growth anddevelopment so as to remain active. Balanced nutrition coupled with physical activity forms a healthy lifestyle which eventually leads to multiple health benefitssuch as positive mental health and a lower risk of noncommunicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, etc.It has becomean upcoming trend for young adults to join a gym. In order to maintain weight members, go to the gym because they consider it as a positive opportunity to boost self-esteem and to make appropriate health decisions to feel better. There is a need to highlight with the help of research studies that lifestyle modification in the form of diet and physical activity on a regular basis can help in controlling obesity. A before and after the study was carried out in Nagpur city located in Central India for a period of 8 months (April 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022). The study subjects were obese young adults going to the gym in Nagpur city. Diet and physical activity interventions were given for a duration of three months to the study subjects. The study instrument was a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. In the present study, total 110 study subjects responded by completely filling out the questionnaire The total calorie and protein intake of the study subjects before and after giving intervention for three months was found to be highly significant (p-value < 0.0001). The change in mean anthropometric parameters of the study subjects before and after giving intervention for three months was found to be highly significant (p-value < 0.0001). Dietary modification combined with physical activity for an average of 75 minutes is the most effective short-term intervention for weight loss. The present study concludes that lifestyle modifications can reverse the trend of obesity. It is reversible, and obese individuals can normalize their BMI with appropriate interventions as was performed with the present obese study subjects.

263-LB: Food Intake Impacts on Insulin Secretion, Resistance, and Glucose Variability in Free-Living Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Changes in eating habits and physical activity are the cornerstone of treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Dietary composition has important effects on the postprandial glucose and insulin response, but little is known about its impact in a real-life context. We analyzed the self-reported daily food composition of 13 individuals with obesity and T2D not on insulin (7F/6M, age 48±9, BMI 33±2, A1C 7±1) with ASA24 (NIH), while wearing continuous glucose monitor (Dexcom G4) for 3±1 days. They also underwent an oral glucose tolerance test to explore correlations with standard indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity. The mean consumption per meal of total calorie was: 534±110Kcal, carbohydrate: 51±19g, total grains: 1.78±0.66g (refined 1.61±0.59g, whole 0.17±0.18g), total fat: 25±6g (10±3.17g monounsaturated fat), and protein: 24±7g. We observed a positive correlation between average intake of total and monounsaturated fat with the insulin secretion index (ρ= 0.630, p=0.02,) and Disposition Index (DI) (p=0.001, ρ=0.821). An inverse relationship between the consumption of total and refined grains was noted with the insulin sensitivity indexes (p=0.01, ρ= -0.663); as well as with whole grains and DI (p=0.03, ρ= -0.601). We documented glycemic variability (GV) related to meal nutrient intake through macro program: CGM peak and nadir analysis, Microsoft Excel. Total and monounsaturated fats correlated with lower GV (p=0.02), while total and refined grains were associated with greater GV (p&amp;lt;0.03). Glucose nadir after a meal and glucose at the time of the meal inversely correlated with insulin secretion indexes and with DI (p&amp;lt;0.05). These data suggest, in a real-life context, the impact of food composition on modulation of GV, with fats being associated with greater insulin secretion and refined grains with decreased insulin sensitivity, reinforcing the importance of the effect of diet on management of diabetes. Disclosure A. Comarella: None. R. Belfort-DeAguiar: Research Support; Fractyl Health, Inc., Silver Palate Kitchens. Funding National Institutes of Health (DK098286-02)

Dietary interventions for dyslipidemia

The prerequisite for any diet is that it is nutritionally adequate, that is, it contains sufficient amounts of macro and micronutrients, in order to meet the recommendations. To do so, it must include a wide variety of foods. Fruits, vegetables and legumes (beans, peas) are good sources of vitamin A, C, folic acid, fiber and minerals. Cereals and derivatives (rice, flours, breads, etc.), especially whole grains, contain B vitamins, complex carbohydrates, fiber, as well as a small amount of protein and iron. Chicken, fish, beef and eggs are good sources of protein, iron and B vitamins. However, these last two food groups are also rich in saturated fats and cholesterol and therefore should be used in small amounts or in a modified form. More specifically, the following modifications should be considered: Total fat - The recommendation that total dietary fat should not exceed 30% of total calories has two goals, to facilitate the reduction in saturated fat intake and to promote weight reduction when necessary. In this article the focus is mainly on diet interventions and lipoprotein metabolism as understood so far.