Total-body Γ-irradiation Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF THIOLA, PIROXICAM AND DILTIAZEM ON THE UTERINE CONTRACTILITY OF γ-IRRADIATED RATS

Accidental radiation exposure raises concern for functional modifications in the uterine physiology. In the current work, total body γ-irradiation (0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 Gy) of non-pregnant adult female albino rats increased significantly the frequency and amplitude of uterine contractions in vivo. Administration of Thiola (a sulfhydryl containing agent) in doses of 100 or 250mgkg −1, pre-irradiation, or Piroxicam (a potent prostaglandin inhibitor) in a dose of 2mgkg −1, pre- or post-irradiation failed to normalize the changes induced by γ-irradiation. However, administration of Diltiazem (a Ca 2+channel blocker, 8mgkg −1) pre- or post-irradiation caused a significant decrease in the frequency of uterine contractions (21% and 24% respectively) in comparison to the uterotonic pattern of γ-irradiation alone. The results indicate a promising tocolytic activity of Diltiazem against the uterotonic effect of γ-radiation.

The effect of total body gamma-irradiation on mortality, egg production and egg weight of Japanese quails.

Male and female Japanese quail 21 weeks old, that were given total body doses of 60Co gamma-rays ranging from 0 to 30 Gy, showed a peak in mortality at 6-8 days post-irradiation. The LD 50/30 was 22.5 Gy, and the LD 90/30 was 26.7 Gy. No differences were evident in mortality between males and females. The reduction in egg production by 30 days post-irradiation was related linearly to the dose, for doses above 6 Gy. The reduction in egg weight (30 days post-irradiation laying period) was also related linearly to the dose.

The Effect of Total-body γ-irradiation on Pigeons

The Effect of Total-body γ-irradiation on Pigeons

Effects of sub-lethal dose of .GAMMA.-irradiation on lysosomal enzymes in tissue of pigeon.

Effects of total body γ-irradiation with sub-lethal dose (300 rad) on three lysosomal enzymes namely acid phosphatase, ribonuclease-II and deoxyribonuclease-II have been studied in pigeons. Liver, kidney and spleen were the tissues studied at different intervals like 1-h., 24-h, 48-h, and 72-h of irradiation. The specific activities (‘crude’ fraction) of acid phosphatase and ribonuclease-II increased significantly in spleen and liver at 48-h of irradiation. The activity of deoxyribonuclease-II in liver and spleen was increased only at 72-h post-irradiation. On the other hand, the total activities of three lysosomal enzymes did not show remarkable change throughout 72-h of irradiation.

The Effect of Total-body γ-irradiation on Pigeons

The Effect of Total-body γ-irradiation on Pigeons

The Effect of Total-body γ-irradiation on Pigeons

The Effect of Total-body γ-irradiation on Pigeons

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in Irradiated Baboons

Lethal acute radiation sickness produced in baboons by total-body γ-irradiation with exposures of 900 to 1500 R is marked by rapidly progressing marrow aplasia, a severe hemorrhagic syndrome and infections. After this irradiation level the survival time did not exceed 10 to 16 days. Autologous bone marrow transplantation produced no beneficial effect in monkeys exposed to 1500 R. With irradiation ranging between 900 and 1100 R, autotransplantation of bone marrow in doses of $2\times 10^{8} \text{cells}/{\rm kg}$ and higher afforded effective protection from acute radiation death. The hemopoietic tissue regenerated within six to eight weeks. Erythro-, granulo-, and thrombopoiesis were restored by this time and the blood lymphocyte content became normal. The time of allogeneic skin graft rejection in supralethally irradiated baboons protected by autologous bone marrow transplantation was prolonged by three to five days compared to normal animals. Antibody-production in response to the ...

STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF IRRADIATION OF CELLULAR PARTICULATES. VI. COMPARISON OF UNCOUPLING AT THE THREE PHOSPHORYLATING SITES

White male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were exposed to 1000 r total-body γ-irradiation. Measurements of the uncoupling at each of the three phosphorylating sites in mitochondria isolated from liver and spleen were made. The results indicate that the terminal step (oxidation of reduced cytochrome-c) is the most sensitive of the three and that the great majority, if not all, of the observed uncoupling may result from damage to this step.

Effects of 50 Roentgens and 25 Roentgens Fractional Daily Total-Body γ-Irradiation in the Burro

A group of 10 male burros was exposed to a total of 350 r weekly in six daily doses of 58.3 r of cobalt-60 y-radiation until death. These will be identified by the term 50 r/day. A second group of 10 male burrows was exposed to 25 r daily until death. The exposure rate was 48 r/hr. The exposure device and dosimetry have been previously described (4). Hemoglobins were determined colorimetrically by the method of Dupray as modified by Wong and Hanzel (5-7). Platelet counts were made by the BrecherCronkite method (8), and the remainder of the hematologic values were obtained by methods described by Wintrobe (9). Plasma irons were determined by the method of Kitzes et al. (10). Electrocardiographic records were made with a Sanborn cardette, model 70, with an attached universal lead selector. The total hay and water consumption of all the animals was recorded daily.

Changes in Respiratory Gases of Burros after Prolonged Fractionated Total-Body γ-Irradiation

Thyroids of burros and rats studied at this laboratory increased their storage of '131 after irradiation with lethal and sublethal levels of -y-rays to the whole body. This led to an investigation of the 02 consumption, the C02 production, and the calculated respiratory quotient of the irradiated burro which is herein reported. An increase in metabolic activity or oxygen consumption after irradiation has been reported (1-3) for rats and dogs. No change in 02 consumption was noted by others in rats (4), mice (5), or guinea pigs (6). Three species of small animals show considerable difference in weight response after irradiation (7) which seem to indicate a difference in their metabolic activity. In mice a reduced CO2 production, to 80'% of normal, had been reported (8). These varied results in small animals led to the present study of the respiratory exchange in the chronically irradiated burro, in conjunction with other observations made at the time.