Blood Total Cholesterol Research Articles

Abstract P374: Understanding the Mediating Role of Allostatic Load on the Relationship Between Long-Term Financial Strain and Subclinical CVD Among Black Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

Introduction: Black adults are disproportionately burdened by poor cardiovascular health, and Black women bear the brunt of this disparity. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disparities among Black women have been attributed to chronic exposure to psychosocial stressors and the cumulative “wear and tear” of these stressors on the body (i.e., allostatic load). Financial strain has been linked to both higher allostatic load and CVD risk. We aimed to determine whether allostatic load (AL) mediates the relationship between financial strain and cumulative CVD risk among Black women. Methods: This study utilized longitudinal data from the Black participants in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). We conducted a causal mediation analysis with fourfold decomposition to determine if the relationship between long-term financial strain and subclinical CVD was mediated by AL. The study outcome was defined as the presence of any indicator of subclinical CVD from carotid ultrasounds conducted in visit 12/13: carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) ≥ 75 th percentile of the study sample, carotid adventitial diameter (cAD) ≥ 75 th percentile of the study sample, or plaque index (a measure of number and size of plaques) >2. Long-term financial strain was defined as reporting “money problems” or “difficulty paying for basics” at >50% of the 6 most recent visits prior to the carotid ultrasound. AL was calculated using a validated summary score method based on 10 component measures from visit 12: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum glucose, BMI, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, HDL-C, total cholesterol, waist-to-hip ratio, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. AL was considered “high” if the score was ≥75 th percentile of the study sample. Results: Of the 390 Black women in our sample [Mean (SD) age at subclinical CVD visit = 60.0 (2.7)], 42.3% had subclinical CVD (24.9% with cIMT or cAD, 9.7% with plaque), 56.9% reported long-term financial strain, and 38.0% had high AL. Both long-term financial strain (β=0.132, p <0.01) and high AL (β=0.134, p <0.01) were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of subclinical CVD. However, causal mediation analysis indicated that the effect of long-term financial strain on subclinical CVD was not mediated by AL (β=0.004, p =0.66). Conclusions: Though higher AL is associated with higher CVD risk among Black women, it did not mediate the causal relationship between long-term financial strain and CVD risk in these midlife women. Future research should examine the pathways by which financial strain and AL influence premature cardiovascular weathering among midlife Black women and explore potential large-scale interventions.

Higher-Level Steatosis Is Associated with a Greater Decrease in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatoic Liver Disease after Eight Weeks of a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) in Subjects Affected by Overweight and Obesity.

The most common form of chronic liver disease, recently defined as MASLD, is strongly linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle changes are part of MASLD prevention. The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is a useful option for treating MASLD and reducing liver steatosis in patients with obesity. We assessed whether a greater degree of steatosis could have a positive or negative impact on how well 8 weeks of using the VLCKD improve steatosis and fibrosis in a patient population of overweight and obese individuals. Anthropometric parameters, along with changes in hormone and metabolic biomarkers, were also assessed both before and after the dietary change. The study population included 111 overweight (14.41%) or obese subjects (85.59%) aged between 18 and 64 years; the 75 women and 36 men involved were not taking any medicine. In both the raw (0.37 95% CI 0.21; 0.52) and the multivariate models (model a: 0.439 95% CI 0.26; 0.62; model b: 0.437 95% CI 0.25; 0.63), there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the CAP delta value and the CAP before using the VLCKD. Additionally, the liver stiffness delta was found to be positively and statistically significantly correlated with liver stiffness before the use of the VLCKD in both models: the multivariate model (model a: 0.560 95% CI 0.40; 0.71; model b: 0.498 95% CI 0.34; 0.65) and the raw model (0.52 95% CI 0.39; 0.65). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance (measured by HOMA-IR), insulin, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass, were all decreased (p < 0.001) following the use of the VLCKD. However, following the use of the VLCKD, there was an increase in vitamin D levels. (p < 0.001). We found that using the VLCKD for 8 weeks has a greater effect on improving steatosis and fibrosis in subjects who initially have more severe forms of these conditions.

A Proof-of-Concept for a Hypolipidemic Brown Trout Model.

The impacts of hypolipidemic pharmaceuticals on fish lipid metabolism remain unexplored. However, data points to similar effects and mechanisms of action between fish and humans. Therefore, fish may be a strong model for screening hypolipidemic drug candidates and water pollution by lipid-modulating agents. This study aimed to test a new hypolipidemic model assay with juvenile brown trout using atorvastatin (ATV)-a hypolipidemic chemical. We selected 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), known to cause hyperlipidemia in fish, to ensure model functionality. Fish received intramuscular injections of 4 μL/g for two weeks under the following experimental conditions: control-C (0.7% NaCl), solvent control-SC (0.7% NaCl, 0.9% ethanol, 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide), ATV (0.3 μg/g), EE2 (2 μg/g), and a mixture of both compounds-MIX (0.3 μg/g ATV and 2 μg/g EE2). Endpoints included blood lipid biochemistry, hepatic lipid droplet quantification, and liver mRNA expression of lipid-related target genes (related to lipogenesis, lipid transport, and β-oxidation pathways). ATV lowered blood total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels, whilst triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) were highest under EE2. Hepatic lipid droplet deposition significantly increased in the ATV, EE2, and MIX groups. ATV and MIX caused a significant downregulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (pparγ) and acetyl Co-A oxidase 3 (acox3). EE2 upregulated acyl-CoA long-chain synthetase 1 (acsl1) and downregulated both fatty acid binding protein 1 (fabp1) and acetyl Co-A oxidase 1-3I (acox1-3I). ATV caused hypolipidemic effects in juvenile brown trout and could even counteract EE2-stimulated hyperlipidemia, reinforcing the potential of fish hypo- and hyperlipidemic models.

Cardiometabolic Improvements After Metabolic Surgery and Related Presurgery Factors.

Metabolic surgery remains the most effective and durable treatment for severe obesity and related metabolic diseases. We examined cardiometabolic improvements after metabolic surgery and associated presurgery demographic and clinical factors in a large multiracial cohort. Included were 7804 patients (20-79 years) undergoing first-time metabolic surgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center from 1999 to 2022. Pre- and 1-year postsurgery cardiometabolic profiles were extracted from medical records, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose, and hemoglobin A1c. The 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was estimated per American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association equations. Pre- to postsurgery cardiometabolic profiles were compared by paired t-test, and associated factors were identified by multivariable linear and logistic regression. Among 7804 patients, most were women and White, while 1618 were men and 1271 were Black; median age and BMI were 45 years [interquartile range (IQR): 37-53] and 46.4 kg/m2 (IQR: 42.1-52.4). At 1-year postsurgery, patients showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (10.5 [95% confidence interval: 10.1, 10.9] mmHg), total cholesterol (13.5 [10.3, 16.7] mg/dL), glucose (13.6 [12.9, 14.4] mg/dL), hemoglobin A1c (1.13% [1.06, 1.20]), and 10-year ASCVD risk (absolute reduction: 1.58% [1.22, 1.94]; relative reduction: 34.4% [29.4, 39.3]); all P < .0001. Older, male, or Black patients showed less reduction in 10-year ASCVD risk and lower odds of diabetes/hypertension/dyslipidemia remission than younger, female, or White patients. Patients with a history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or cardiovascular disease showed less cardiometabolic improvements than those without. Results were similar with or without further adjusting for weight loss and largely sustained at 2-year postsurgery. Metabolic surgery results in significant cardiometabolic improvements, particularly among younger, female, or White patients and those without comorbidities.

Association between famine exposure during infancy and childhood and the risk of chronic kidney disease in adulthood.

Famine exposure in childhood is proven to be associated with multiple chornic disease in adult but has not been studied with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study was conducted to identify the relationship between famine exposure during infancy and childhood - specifically, the Chinese famine of 1959-1961 - and the risk of adult-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) among Chinese individuals. This study included 2937 individuals from the Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program. They were stratified by birth year into infancy-exposed (1956-1958), childhood-exposed (1950-1955) and unexposed (1963-1971) groups. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. CKD was defined as an eGFR of <90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean eGFR values for the infancy-exposed and childhood-exposed groups were 107.23 ± 12.53 and 103.23 ± 12.44 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, both of which were lower than that of the unexposed group (114.82 ± 13.39 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.05). In the crude model, the odds ratio (OR) for CKD was 2.00 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39-2.88) in the infancy-exposed group and 2.92 (95% CI: 2.17-3.93) in the childhood-exposed group. Further adjustments for urban/rural residence, body mass index, age, current smoking, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol did not significantly alter the association between famine exposure and CKD. The corresponding ORs were 1.71 (95% CI: 1.17-2.50) and 2.48 (95% CI: 1.81-3.40) for the infancy-exposed and childhood-exposed groups respectively. Famine exposure during infancy and childhood is associated with a long-term decline in eGFR and an increased adult-onset CKD risk. Early intervention for high-risk individuals may mitigate the risk of adult-onset CKD.

Serum soluble alpha-klotho klotho and cognitive functioning in older adults aged 60 and 79: an analysis of cross-sectional data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014

ObjectivesKlotho, consisting of membrane klotho and soluble alpha-klotho, is found to be associated with better cognitive outcomes in small samples of the aged population. We aimed to examine the association of serum soluble alpha-klotho with cognitive functioning among older adults using a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults.MethodA total of 2,173 U.S. older adults aged 60–79 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2014 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Serum soluble alpha-klotho was measured in the laboratory and analyzed with an ELISA kit. Cognitive function was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed memory, the Animal fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Test-specific and global cognition z-scores were calculated based on sample means and standard deviations. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to examine the association of quartiles and continuous value of serum soluble alpha-klotho with test-specific and global cognition z-scores. Subgroup analysis was conducted by sex. The following covariates were included in the analysis- age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, stroke, prevalent coronary heart disease, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. All the information was self-reported or obtained from health exams.ResultsSerum soluble alpha-klotho level in the lowest quartile was associated with lower z-scores for DSST (beta [β] =-0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.25, -0.01). For subgroup analysis, serum soluble alpha-klotho level in the lowest quartile was associated with lower z-scores for DSST (β=-0.16, 95% CI: -0.32, -0.003) and global cognition (β=-0.14, 95% CI: -0.28, -0.01) among female participants. No association was found between continuous serum soluble alpha-klotho and cognitive functioning among the participants.ConclusionsLower serum soluble alpha-klotho quartile was associated with poorer cognitive functioning among older women. Future studies are expected to examine the longitudinal association between klotho levels and cognitive outcomes.

Correlation Between HbA1c and Body Mass Index Among Patients with High Lipid Profile Attending Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Hospital in Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and stroke. The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between HbA1C and body mass index (BMI) among patients with high lipid profiles. METHODS: This retrospective, hospital-based study was conducted at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Facilities. Data were extracted from medical health records and included demographics, lipid profiles, and HBA1c measurements. The study included 2368 non-diabetic participants, and DATAtab was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The participants were 57.05% male and 78.42% Saudi. The mean age was 41.48±12.1 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.44±5.53. There was a statistically significant relationship between the use of lipid lowering medicine and HbA1c (P&lt;0.001). There was a very weak positive but statistically significant relationship between HbA1c and BMI (r = 0.18, P&lt;0.001). HbA1c and systolic blood pressure appeared to have a statistically significant positive association (r = 0.16, P&lt; 0.001). There was no correlation between HbA1c and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), or diastolic blood pressure. There was an inverse correlation between HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = -0.11, P&lt; 0.001). Regression was performed using a linear multivariable analysis with HbA1c as the dependent variable, and age (B 0.192, P&lt;0.001), BMI (B 0.119, P&lt;0.001), HDL (B -0.058, P&lt;0.005), triglyceride (B 0.093, P&lt;0.001), lipid-lowering medication (B 0.104, P&lt;0.001), systolic BP (B 0.060, P&lt; 0.003) as independent variables. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that HbA1c is linked to BMI, age, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and HDL-C levels. There was no correlation between HbA1c and LDL-C, TC, and diastolic blood pressure.

Demographic, biochemical, clinical,and cognitivesymptomdifferences between smokersandnon-smokersin Chineseoldermale patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Several studies have suggested that smoking may impair cognitive function and worsen psychiatric symptoms in people with schizophrenia, but the results have not been consistent. There have been few studies to date that have examined the effects of smoking in older men with chronic schizophrenia. The participants in our study consisted of 167 order Chinese males with chronic schizophrenia and 359 normal control subjects. We split them into smoking and non-smoking groups based on whether or not they smoked. Second, we compared their differences in terms of general demographic characteristics (such as age, education, body mass index, age of illness onset, and course of disease), disease information (such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia), lifestyle factors (such as physical exercise and lunch break), blood biochemical indicators (such as albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and fasting blood glucose), and medication usage (such as clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and chlorpromazine). Lastly, a neuropsychologicaltestbattery was used to assess their psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, for example, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess their overall cognitive functioning. Their depressive symptoms were assessed by the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Activities of daily living (ADL) were used to assess their ability to lead a daily life, while the positive and negative syndrome scales (PANSS) were used to assess their psychiatric symptoms. Smokers who develop schizophrenia at older ages had a higher body mass index than non-smokers. We also found that plasma albumin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher in smokers. In contrast, smokers with schizophrenia also had lower PANSS total scores, negative symptom scores, and general psychopathology scores. A forward stepwise binary logistics regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between negative symptom scores and smoking status (B = 0.112, p < 0.001, OR = 1.119, 95% confidence interval: 1.059-1.181). Correlation analysis was carried out and it was found that the amount of cigarette consumption per day had a negative correlation with plasma albumin level(r = -0.290, p = 0.004). However, no such association was found in normal controls. Elderly Chinese men with schizophrenia have a higher percentage of smokers, and although smoking can reduce their plasma albumin levels, it does contribute to the prevention of negative symptoms.

Effect of different alpha-receptor antagonists on metabolic parameters: a head-to-head comparison.

Although it is known that alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists have positive effects on metabolic parameters such as glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity, it is unclear whether this is a class effect. Tamsulosin is reported to have adverse effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, and this may be because of its lack of glycolysis-enhancing effect compared with other alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists with glycolysis-enhancing effects such as doxazosin, terazosin, and alfuzosin. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of tamsulosin on metabolic parameters with another alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, doxazosin. In this prospective, observational, controlled, 12-week clinical study, a total of 60 male patients aged ≥ 40years who were first started on tamsulosin (n = 30; 0.4mg/day, oral; mean age, 59.20 ± 8.97years) or doxazosin (n = 30; 4 or 8mg/day, oral; mean age, 58.50 ± 8.93years) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were enrolled. The groups were compared according to the changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters (glycemia, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity) at the end of treatment. In intragroup analyses, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and HbA1c levels decreased significantly in the doxazosin group compared with baseline (p < 0.05 for all), while no significant change was observed in the tamsulosin group. In comparisons between groups, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed a significant decrease in the doxazosin group compared with the tamsulosin group (percent change: - 6.68 ± 13.08 vs. 0.53 ± 11.02, p = 0.025; - 3.63 ± 9.56 vs. 4.02 ± 10.86, p = 0.005; and - 5.62 ± 18.18 vs. 5.24 ± 15.42, p = 0.015, respectively). Although these results do not support previous findings that tamsulosin has adverse effects on metabolic parameters, they suggest that doxazosin treatment may be a reason for preference in patients with BPH or LUTS accompanied by metabolic disorder.

Choroidal Changes in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Retrospective Study.

This study aimed to investigate the characteristic choroidal changes in patients with diabetic retinopathy and identify factors affecting choroidal thickness (CTh), choroidal vascular index (CVI), and choriocapillaris flow. We retrospectively analyzed 79 eyes of 48 patients with diabetes between August 2021 and February 2022. We collected laboratory data, including HbA1c, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Optical coherence tomography images of the foveal avascular zone, retinal vascular density, choroidal flow, retinal thickness, CTh, and CVI were analyzed. Possible determining factors affecting CTh, CVI, and choriocapillaris flow were analyzed using nonparametric multivariate analysis. LDL (p < 0.001) positively correlated with CTh, whereas CVI (p = 0.007) was negatively correlated with CTh in diabetic patients with diabetes. We also identified a negative correlation between choriocapillaris flow and deep parafoveal retinal vessel density in patients with low-grade diabetic retinopathy (DR), which diminished in those with more advanced DR. Our study provides further information on the changes in choroidal structure and blood flow in patients with diabetes.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in Patients with Controlled Graves’ Disease

Abstract Aim: Our aim was to assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in patients with controlled Graves’ disease (GD). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 95 consecutive patients with GD referred to our tertiary care inpatient clinical center meeting the following inclusion criteria: controlled hyperthyroidism, treatment with antithyroid drugs, untreated Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), if present. Patients’ anthropometric parameters were evaluated and laboratory tests were performed with measurement of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, thyroid hormone and antibody levels. The presence of the MetS and its components as defined by the International Diabetes Federation from 2009 were evaluated. Results: In our patient cohort 82.1% were females, 17.9% were males, mean age 50.2 ± 13 years, with median duration of GD 16.5 months. The MetS was observed in 32.6% of our patients, obesity – in 34.7%, hyperglycemia in 38.9%, arterial hypertension – in 36.8%, low HDL-cholesterol – in 23.2% and hypertriglyceridemia – in 13.7%. There was not statistical difference neither between the prevalence of the MetS, nor between the prevalence of its individual components in female and male GD patients. The MetS was significantly more frequent in older patients, as well as abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension. There was not statistical difference in the frequency of the MetS and its components between GD patients with and without GO, except for waist circumference, which was significantly higher in patients with GO. Conclusions: The presence of the MetS and its components among GD patients are to great extent similar to those reported in the general population, which underlines the need for their screening and proper treatment in this subpopulation.

The association between circulating fatty acids and stroke in hypertensive patients

BackgroundStroke is prevalent in hypertensive population. It has been suggested that unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) have protective effect on stroke. The effect of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on stroke is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the relationship between circulating fatty acids and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in hypertensive patients. MethodsEighty-nine pairs including 100 men and 78 women matched by sex and age were recruited. Each pair included a hypertensive patient within 48h of AIS onset and a hypertensive patient without stroke. Six circulating fatty acids were methylated before concentration determination which was repeated twice with percent recovery estimated. ResultsThere were differences in educational level (P = 0.002) and occupation (P < 0.001) between stroke and non-stroke participants. All the 6 fatty acid levels were higher in non-stroke participants (P = 0.017 for palmitoleic acid, 0.001 for palmitic acid, <0.001 for linoleic acid, <0.001 for behenic acid, <0.001 for nervonic acid and 0.002 for lignoceric acid). In logistic regression analysis, AIS was inversely associated with fatty acid levels except for lignoceric acid. After adjustment for education and occupation, the palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid levels were no longer inversely associated with AIS. After further adjustment for systolic blood pressure, smoking, drinking, total cholesterol and triglyceride, the inverse associations of linoleic acid (OR = 0.965, 95%CI = 0.942-0.990, P = 0.005), behenic acid (OR = 0.778, 95%CI = 0.664-0.939, P = 0.009), nervonic acid (OR = 0.323, 95%CI = 0.121-0.860, P = 0.024) with AIS remained significant. ConclusionsCirculating fatty acids except lignoceric acid were inversely associated with AIS. Both USFAs and SFAs may have beneficial effect on stroke prevention in hypertensive population.

APOA-5 genetic variant and a hypocaloric diet enriched in ω-6 fatty acids with Mediterranean pattern.

The APOA5-1131C allele is related to a worse lipid profile and metabolic response to diet interventions. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of SNP rs662799 on the lipid profile of patients with obesity after a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern enriched in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). A population of 362 Caucasian patients with obesity was evaluated. Anthropometric evaluation and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), glucose, C reactive protein, and adipokines) were measured at basal time and after 12 weeks. All subjects were genotyped rs662799. The APOA5 variant distribution among the 362 patients with obesity was the following: 87.2% (n=316) (TT) were homozygous for the T allele, 12.2% (n=44) (TC) were heterozygous, and 0.6% (n=2) (CC) were homozygous for the C allele. There were only significant differences in triglyceride levels between genotype groups. After 12 weeks of intervention, the following parameters improved in both genotype groups: adiposity parameters, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, leptin, adiponectin, and ratio leptin/adiponectin. Insulin levels (delta: -3.5±0.2 UI/L vs. -1.2±0.6 UI/L; p=0.03), HOMA-IR (delta: -1.6±0.1 units vs. -0.3±0.2 units; p=0.01) and triglyceride levels (delta: -18.8±4.1 mg/dl vs. -3.7 ±3.0 mg/dl; p=0.02) decreased in non-C allele carriers. Our data demonstrate that the minor C allele of the APOA5 gene (rs662799) produces a worse response in triglyceride levels, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR after a ω-6 PUFA enriched hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern.

Efecto de la manteca de cerdo criollo cajamarquino como reemplazo dietario de los aceites de soya y palma sobre la respuesta productiva y metabolitos plasmáticos del pavo

The effect of three sources of lipids in the diet of fattening turkeys from the Hybrid Converter line on growth, carcass weight and blood metabolites were evaluated. A total of 90 43-day-old male turkeys were randomly distributed into 3 treatments, with 5 repetitions and 6 birds per group. The turkeys received isonutritional diets supplemented with Cajamarca Creole lard (MCCC), soybean oil (AS) or palm oil (AP). Turkeys aged 43 to 70 days with MCCC and AP had better body weight gain, lower feed consumption and better feed conversion (p&lt;0.05) than those with the AS treatment; However, there were no differences between treatments during the finishing phase (71-98 days) nor in the total fattening period (43-98 days). The carcass weight in MCCC and AS was greater than in AP, in addition, they reduced (p&lt;0.05) the relative weight of the liver and the percentage of abdominal fat compared to AP. Triglycerides and total cholesterol in blood were lower (p&lt;0.05) in AS and MCCC than in AP, likewise, MCCC decreased (p&lt;0.05) the malondialdehyde content in blood. It is concluded that MCCC in fattening turkeys from 43 to 98 days of age can replace AS and AP in the diet, since it does not generate negative effects or a decrease in the evaluated indicators.

Correlation Between HbA1c and Body Mass Index Among Patients with High Lipid Profile Attending Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Hospital in Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and stroke. The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between HbA1C and body mass index (BMI) among patients with high lipid profiles. METHODS: This retrospective, hospital-based study was conducted at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Facilities. Data were extracted from medical health records and included demographics, lipid profiles, and HBA1c measurements. The study included 2368 participants, and DATAtab was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The participants were 57.05% male and 78.42% Saudi. The mean age was 41.48±12.1 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.44±5.53. There was a statistically significant relationship between the use of lipid lowering medicine and HbA1c (P&lt;0.001). There was a very weak positive but statistically significant relationship between HbA1c and BMI (r = 0.18, P&lt;0.001). HbA1c and systolic blood pressure appeared to have a statistically significant positive association (r = 0.16, P&lt; 0.001). There was no correlation between HbA1c and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), or diastolic blood pressure. There was an inverse correlation between HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = -0.11, P&lt; 0.001). Regression was performed using a linear multivariable analysis with HbA1c as the dependent variable, and the age (B 0.192, P&lt;0.001), BMI (B 0.119, P&lt;0.001), HDL (B -0.058, P&lt;0.005), Triglyceride (B 0.093, P&lt;0.001), lipid lowering medication (B 0.104, P&lt;0.001), systolic BP (B 0.060, P&lt; 0.003) as independents variables. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that HbA1c is linked to BMI, age, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and HDL-C levels. There was no correlation between HbA1c and LDL-C, TC, and diastolic blood pressure.

Pemeriksaan Tekanan Darah, Gula Darah Sewaktu, dan Kolesterol Pada Warga Pra-Lansia Hingga Lansia di Sekitar RT 01 RW 21 Kelurahan Tangkerang Tengah, Kecamatan Marpoyan Damai, Pekanbaru

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Indonesia continues to increase and is one of the leading causes of death. Some of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease are hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. These risk factors are not only experienced by urban communities but also occur in people living in rural areas. The purpose of this activity is to determine the incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cholesterol.Data collection on cardiovascular disease risk factors was carried out by measuring blood pressure, blood sugar levels and total cholesterol levels. This activity was attended by 40 total respondents with an age range of 40-60 years, 14 men and 26 women. Data analysis showed that 72% of respondents had blood pressure above normal. Respondents with normal blood sugar were only 13%, and the rest needed further examination. Cholesterol levels in the high category were 80% and slightly high were found in 20% of respondents. The data shows that the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease is quite large in the pre-elderly and elderly community in RT 01 RW 21 Tangkerang Tengah, Marpoyan Damai District, Pekanbaru.

Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with CKD progression and estimated glomerular filtration rate in the American CKD population: A cross-sectional study.

The number of CKD patients is on the rise worldwide, and diet has become an essential aspect influencing the treatment and prognosis of CKD. However, limited research has explored the association of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with CKD progression and the essential kidney function indicator, eGFR, in CKD patients. This study aimed to analyze the association between DII and CKD progression and eGFR in the US CKD population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This study utilized data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2007 to 2018, with a total sample size of 2,488 individuals. Study used multiple imputation, based on 5 replications and a chained equation approach method in the R MI procedure, to account for missing data. Weighted multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between DII and the risk of higher CKD stage and a weighted multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between DII and eGFR. Weighted Generalized Additive Models and smoothed curve fitting were applied to detect potential non-linear relationships in this association. In all three models, it was found that DII was positively associated with the risk of higher CKD stage (P < 0.0001), and an increase in DII was associated with a decrease in eGFR (P < 0.0001). The trend across quartiles of DII remained statistically significant, revealing a gradual elevation in higher CKD stage risk and reduction in eGFR levels for the second, third, and fourth quartiles compared to the lowest quartile (P for trend < 0.0001). Upon adjusting for age, gender, race, education level, poverty income ratio (PIR), marital status, body mass index (BMI), metabolic equivalent (MET) score, drinking, smoking, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, cotinine, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total triglycerides, and total cholesterol, we found a positive correlation between DII and the risk of higher CKD stage (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14-1.40). Further investigation revealed that an increase in DII was associated with a decrease in eGFR (β = -1.29, 95% CI: -1.75, -0.83). Smooth curves illustrated a non-linear positive correlation between DII and CKD risk, while a non-linear negative correlation was observed between DII and eGFR. Our study results indicate that an increase in DII is associated with an increased risk of higher CKD stage and a decrease in eGFR in all three models. In the fully adjusted model, the risk of higher CKD stage increased by 26% and the eGFR decreased by 1.29 ml/min/1.73 m2 for each unit increase in DII. This finding suggests that in patients with CKD in the US, improved diet and lower DII values may help slow the decline in eGFR and delay the progression of CKD.

Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on metabolic indices and quality of life in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The Mediterranean diet (MD) had a protective effect on cancer prevention. However, there has not been a systematic evaluation of the diet's comprehensive effects on metabolic indices and quality of life in cancer patients. The present meta-analysis summarizes for the first time the effects of MD on metabolic indices and quality of life in cancer patients. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) search on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, which recruited cancer patients receiving the MD intervention. Inthismeta-analysis,nine RCTswereincluded. Two authors independently extracted the data and checked the accuracy of the results. Compared with the control group, MD reduced the body weight (p < 0.00001), fat mass (p < 0.00001), % fat mass (p = 0.02), waist circumference (p < 0.00001), and BMI (p < 0.0001) of cancer patients. MD improved the scores of FICT-G (p = 0.002), Physical well-being (p < 0.00001), Emotional well-being (p < 0.00001), Functional well-being (p = 0.0002), and Fatigue (p < 0.00001). MD also increased the serum vitamin C level. Sensitivity analysis revealed that MD reduced the levels of blood glucose (p < 0.00001), triglyceride (p = 0.003), total cholesterol (p = 0.009), and LDH-C (p = 0.0002) in cancer patients. However, it did not affect the levels of HDL-C (p = 0.63) and vitamin A (p = 0.97). In brief, our findings indicate that higher MD compliance can reduce the weight and fat mass of cancer patients, improve their quality of life, and alleviate fatigue. Furthermore, MD can potentially improve cancer patients' serum glucose and lipid metabolism and enhance the body's antioxidant stress capacity. Nevertheless, further high-quality randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to obtain more dependable outcomes. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY 202320006.

ROSELLE CALYX (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA. L) AS AN ANTI-DIABETIC: ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION REDUCE FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND REPAIR PANCREAS FUNCTION ON DIABETIC MODEL

Objective: In general, people with diabetes mellitus will experience disturbances in fat metabolism that lead to hypercholesterolemia. This study aims to determine the effect of ethyl acetate fraction hibiscus calyx on blood sugar, blood cholesterol level, and pancreas histology in diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats induced by streptozotocin.&#x0D; Methods: Thirty-six Wistar Kyoto rats were induced with intra-peritoneal streptozotocin at 55 mg/kg BW and stabilized for five days to obtain diabetic conditions. Diabetic animals were divided into four groups; the diabetic group was given vehicle, the glibenclamide group was given 0.45 mg/kg BW of Glibenclamide, and two groups were administered the ethyl acetate fraction of hibiscus calyxes (EAFHC) at doses of 100 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW for five days. Fasting blood sugar and lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured on days 0, 1, 3, and 5. Pancreats were collected on days 1, 3 and 5 for weighing and histology examination. All data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan Multiple Rank Test (DMRT).&#x0D; Results: EAFHC significantly reduced fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol (p&lt;0.05) but did not have a significant effect on triglycerides (p&gt;0.05). Histology examination showed that EAFHC repaired pancreatic damage, as seen from the decrease in pancreatic histology scores (p&lt;0.05), but the organ ratio did not show a significant improvement (p&gt;0.1). &#x0D; Conclusion: This study revealed that EAFHC could be an alternative medicine in managing blood sugar levels and total cholesterol and improving pancreas function in associated models of diabetes mellitus hypercholesterolemia complications.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Camellia sinensis Leaf Extract: Promising Particles for the Treatment of Cancer and Diabetes.

Both diabetes and cancer pose significant threats to public health. To overcome these challenges, nanobiotechnology offers innovative solutions for the treatment of these diseases. However, the synthesis of nanoparticles can be complex, costly and environmentally toxic. Therefore, in this study, we successfully synthesized Camellia sinensis silver nanoparticles (CS-AgNPs) biologically from methanolic leaf extract of C. sinensis and as confirmed by the visual appearance which exhibited strong absorption at 456 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that phytochemicals of C. sinensis were coated with AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the spherical shape of CS-AgNPs, with a size of 15.954 nm, while X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD) analysis detected a size of 20.32 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the thermal stability of CS-AgNPs. The synthesized CS-AgNPs significantly inhibited the ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell growth with 53.42±1.101 %. The EAC cell line induced mice exhibited increased level of the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), however this elevated serum parameter significantly reduced and controlled by the treatment with CS-AgNPs. Moreover, in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model, CS-AgNPs greatly reduced blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and creatinine levels. These findings highlight that the synthesized CS-AgNPs have significant anticancer and antidiabetic activities that could be used as promising particles for the treatment of these major diseases. However, pre-clinical and clinical trial should be addressed before use this particles as therapeutics agents.