Average Total Value Research Articles

PENILAIAN DAYA TARIK OBJEK WISATA PANTAI DI DESA TEMAJUK KECAMATAN PALOH KABUPATEN SAMBAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

Temajuk Beach area is one of the tourism potentials that is not yet known by the wider community, which is located in Temajuk Village, Paloh District, Sambas Regency. Temajuk Beach has great potential when it is used as a tourist spot because the location of Temajuk Beach has beautiful beaches and unspoiled scenery, a lack of government contribution to make the place a tourist attraction. The purpose of the research is to find out the potential of coastal attraction at Temajuk Beach and do an assessment of the potential attractiveness of Temajuk Beach in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province, especially for coastal tourism. The study was conducted in Temajuk Village, Paloh Subdistrict, Sambas District for 4 weeks. Based on the results of the study, the appraisal of attractiveness got the highest score of 1013.58 (A) assessment of clean water availability of 780 accessibility scores of 550 (C), and assessment the supporting infrastructure received a score of 720 so that it was included in the medium category (B), the assessment of the socio-economic conditions of the community got a score of 425 so that it was included in the medium category (B), while the accommodation scored the lowest value 180 and included in the category good (A). The assessment of each rating element that has been classified and then summed and gets an average total value of 611.43 from the results obtained when classified with the 2003 ODTWA PHKA development class, Temajuk Beach area gets a value (B) which means Temajuk Beach area good to be developed as a place/tourist attraction.Keyword: Potential of Coastal Ecotourism, Regency of Sambas, Temajuk Beach.

Design and Implementation of FS-I Method to Improve Effectiveness of Product Advertising using Social Media, Based on Quality Function Deployment and Fuzzy Servqual

The development of advertising, many companies use social media as an alternative online advertising. It is more interactive to promote their product. The purpose of study is to determine the comparison of strategies to improve the quality of advertising services on several social media. The results of the validity and reliability test showed that the items of questions for the questionnaire were all valid and reliable. The method used in this study is fuzzy servqual and quality function deployment. The fuzzy logic integration aims to calculate the total weight, average, and gap values of the subjectivity of the results of the servqual method. The proposed improvement in this research is based on data processing using the quality function deployment method. The main target of the proposed improvement by making the most popular company advertisements, providing up-to-date information, lots of promotions, the most interesting features, and many customer interests.

Determinants of Rural Households’ Participation in Microfinance Program: The Case of Omo Microfinance Institution, Sodo Woreda, Southern Nations Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia

In a subsistence agriculture and low income countries like Ethiopia, where rural households dominate the overall national economy, who are facing with shortage of financial resources not only to purchase productive agricultural inputs but they also need to participate in income generating activities. Since 1996 Microfinance institutions have made significant assistance to the livelihoods of many people through the provision of financial and supporting services to the poor, especially low income households in rural environments. This study was conducted to assess the determinants of rural household participation in microfinance program and its impact on their income and asset building in Sodo Woreda. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Multi-stage stratified sampling technique employed. Primary data were collected from a total of 190 rural households of which 80 were participants and 110 were non-participants in microfinance programs using systematic and simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were used for analyzing the data. Descriptive and test statistic were computed to describe demographic, socio-economic and institutional characteristics and living condition. A propensity score matching method was employed to analyze determinants of rural households’ participation in microfinance program and its impact on income and asset holding of participant households. The result of the descriptive statistics indicate that participants were Participant groups were better off agricultural input usage, clothing status of adult members of the household, annual income earning, amount and quality of food consumed during last five years, total expenditures and total livestock holding. The result of the propensity score revealed that family size, level of education and frequency of extension contact significantly and positively influenced the participation of rural households in microfinance program whereas number of dependent members, application procedure for credit, perception on risk of borrowing and distance of household’s residence from office of Omo Microfinance Institution had significantly and negatively influenced the participation of rural households in microfinance program. The average treatment effect on the treated showed that program participant households earned an average income of 2716.68 Birr and had an average total value of non-livestock asset of 3079.38 Birr and 2.46 TLU of livestock which were significantly greater than that of non-participants. Similarly, the result of descriptive statistics revealed that participants were better off in earning total income, amount, and quality of food consumption and clothing status of adult member of households as compared to non-participants. Therefore, Omo Microfinance Institution and other concerned stakeholders should expand access of microfinance program to rural households in livelihood enhancement and poverty reduction endeavors. Keywords: Microfinance, impact, income, asset holding and propensity score matching. DOI : 10.7176/JESD/11-1-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2020

Energy Audit and Management of a Tannery Company: A Case Study of Kano State

Energy audit is considered as one of the comprehensive methods in checking the energy usage and wastage in facilities/buildings. This paper presents the results of the energy audit conducted to investigate the energy consumption pattern of tannery company from its record of fuel expenditure and electricity bills for a period of 5 years (2012 - 2016). Also, the use of energy models system, Energy Quick Energy Simulation Tool (eQUEST) to evaluate the consumption of the energy end users and performance of the company. Results shows peak electricity demand during the hot months from April to August due to high cooling or significant Air condition requirement. 2.37% of electricity consumed was contributed by the burning of AGO in the diesel power generators showing very less contribution over that of National grid 97.63%. The annual average consumption demand of electricity and diesel (kWh equivalent) of the company were 118960.72 kWh and 2881.17 kWh respectively. The energy modeling and simulation results shows that the sum total of the total monthly energy consumption by the end users is 138164 kWh representing the total average value of the annual energy use in air-conditioning (space cooling) was 27%, ventilation fan 2%, factory machineries 39%, heat rejection is 4%, pump and auxiliary is 2% and area lighting 26%. Also, the total monthly peak demand by space cooling was 22372.2 kWh, ventilation fan 1376 kWh, factory machineries 14294kWh heat rejection is 4461 kWh, pump and auxiliary is 1343 kWh and area light 11023 kWh respectively having a sum total monthly peak demand by the end users to be 44969.2 kWh. This represent energy use in air-conditioning (space cooling) was 41%, ventilation fan 3%, 26% factory machineries, heat rejection is 8%, pump and auxiliary is 2% and 20% area light of the annual peak demand. The Energy Used Index (average annual electricity use per tones of leather) was found to be 717.38kWh/tones of leather/Annum.

Radioactivity in building materials and assessment of risk of human exposure in the East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya, India

ABSTRACT Gamma-ray spectrometer was employed to estimate the specific activity of the natural radionuclides in commonly used building materials of East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya, India. The activities of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in Bq kg−1 were 40.9–777.1, 3.8–92.7 and 14.2–112.2 with their total average values of 312.4, 47.4 and 57.7, respectively. 40K and 226Ra concentrations were below the reported values of 500 Bq kg−1 and 50 Bq kg−1, respectively, while 232Th was slightly higher than 50 Bq kg−1. The average annual effective dose (outdoor) of 0.09 mSv y−1 was much lower than the recommended limit of 1 mSv y−1 for public exposure; absorbed dose rate (69.9 nGy h−1) was higher than the world average value of 59 nGy h−1. The average values of radium equivalent activity (154.0 Bq kg−1), alpha index (0.24), gamma index (0.55), external hazard index (0.42) and internal hazard index (0.54) were all less than the recommended values. Our study shows that the different types of building materials analyzed do not pose any significant radiation hazards. They are therefore safe for the construction purposes. The statistical methods applied in our study show that 40K contributed less to the values of the radiological parameters compared to 226Ra and 232Th.

Analysis of the Distribution and Microscopic Characteristics and Disintegration Characteristics of Carbonaceous Rocks: A Case Study of the Middle Devonian Luofu Formation in Western Guangxi of China

Carbonaceous rock is a special soft rock containing TOC organic carbon 6%∼40%. In order to reveal the influence of engineering characteristics of carbonaceous rock on the engineering construction, firstly the stratigraphic distribution of carbonaceous Rocks in Guangxi is investigated, and the genetic mechanism and tectonic environment of carbonaceous rocks are discussed. Secondly, the influence of pore microstructure on the disintegration characteristics of carbonaceous rocks is analyzed. The role of geochemical characteristics of carbonaceous rocks (mineral composition, TOC total organic matter content, and type) on engineering properties is revealed. Finally, combined with the distribution, structure, microstructure, and microscopic characteristics of the previous studies, the disintegration mechanism of carbonaceous rocks in water swelling and heat dehydration is discussed. The results are as follows. (1) Carbonaceous rocks in Guangxi are mainly distributed in Devonian, Carboniferous, and Cambrian systems. It is mainly formed in anoxic and reductive deep water basins, slopes, and relatively confined coastal lagoons and swamps. The carbonaceous rocks in the Devonian Luofu formation are most typical. (2) The pores of carbonaceous rocks are divided into mineral pores, organic matter pores, and microfracture, which are mainly mineral pores. The more developed pores in mineral pores are intragranular dissolved pores. Secondly, mineral intergranular pores and a small amount of intergranular dissolution pores and less inner pores. Organic matter porosity increases with the increase of shale organic carbon content and maturity, but the shale porosity and adsorption capacity decrease when shale maturity reaches more than 2.4%. (3) Clay minerals in carbonaceous shale mainly consist of illite and illite/montmorillonite layer, which have water swelling and heat dehydration. The total average value of TOC (total organic matter content) is more than 1%, which belongs to carbonaceous rocks of medium high grade hydrocarbon source rocks. Organic matter is mainly dominated by type I and II1‐II2 type with large hydrocarbon generating potential, which is prone to oxidation‐reduction reaction and cause rock disintegration.

Exploring the Function of Home Gardens in Strengthening the Resilience of Social-Ecological Landscapes through Cross-Scale Interactions: A case Study from Lefke City of the Northern Cyprus

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the function of home gardens in strengthening the resilience of the social-ecological landscape system in Lefke City of the Northern Cyprus through a set of cross-scale interactions. In doing so, the objectives of the study were (i) to design a conceptual framework that links the resilience of the home garden and landscape systems through a range of cross-scale interactions, (ii) to identify the major cross-scale resilience assessment indicators at the home garden (site) scale, and (iii) to quantify the resilience of the home garden system and to evaluate its inter-linkages with the resilience of the landscape system. The method of the study consisted of three parts. Firstly, a conceptual framework, which depicts the relationship between the resilience of the home garden and landscape systems through a set of cross-scale interactions, was designed by reviewing the relevant literatures. Secondly, appropriated cross-scale resilience assessment indicators at the home garden scale were identified through an in-depth literature review. Thirdly, the relevant data on the indentified indicators were collected by employing a social preference approach and then evaluated by performing the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). A social preference approach was adopted to collect the relevant data. Within this context, a questionnaire form was designed to explore stakeholders’ perceptions regarding the objectives of the study. The interviewers expressed their perceptions on a 0-5 Likert Scale. Assessment of the results revealed that plant diversity and spatial connectivity are the key cross-scale principles to link the ecological resilience of the home garden with landscape systems. The social resilience of the both systems is interlinked with five principles (maintenance of food production, income diversification, demographics, cultural heritage, and traditional knowledge). The average relative value of the ecological and social resilience of the home garden system was estimated to be medium with a 3,15 points and low with a 2,16 points respectively. The total average relative value of the resilience of the home garden system was estimated to be low with a 2,41 points. Several drivers (e.g. intensive urbanization and landscape fragmentation) have been identified as the driving forces behind the decline of the resilience of the both systems. Understanding the interconnectedness between the resilience of different spatial units and scales may help policy-makers, planners, and land managers to design a mechanism that integrates the cross-scale interactions into planning and relevant strategies.

DAMPAK KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT INAP PESERTA BPJS KESEHATAN DI RS MELANIA BOGOR

Health is very important for every individual. This will make people more concerned with their health and will make various efforts to maintain their health. On the other hand, the state is obliged to guarantee the health of its citizens. Therefore, the state established a National Health Insurance (JKN) program to provide health insurance for all Indonesian people. This government program is organized by the Health Insurance Administration Agency (BPJS).
 This study aims to determine the extent of satisfaction of inpatients in Melania Hospital to the services provided by the BPJS Health program. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative methods in finding answers to the level of satisfaction of inpatients in Melania Hospital using the BPJS Health program. This explanation is supported by questionnaire data obtained from 317 inpatients using the BPJS Health program.
 The results of this study indicate that the quality of services provided by Melania Hospital to BPJS inpatients is good with a total average value of 4.10. For tangible dimensions the average value is 4.10, the reliability dimension the average value is 4.04, the responsiveness dimension the average value is 4.12, the assurance dimension the average value is 4.09 and the empathy dimension the average value is 4.13. The advice given is that Melania Hospital should fix a number of indicators that are still below the standard set by Melania Hospital.
 
 Keyword : BPJS Health program, Inpatients, Inpatients satisfaction

ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.) PADA BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI MEDIA TUMBUH

Berbagai macam penggunaan bahan non organik sering diterapkan dalam bercocok tanam sayuran, hal tersebut mengakibatkan permasalahan kesehatan bagi yang mengkonsumsinya sedangkan permintaan masyarakat akan kebutuhan sayuran semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya dalam penerapan penanaman sayuran organik dengan memanfaatkan bahan organik sekitar yang tidak digunakan lagi. Penggunaan bahan-bahan organik juga dapat meningkatkan waktu panen, sehingga relatif lebih cepat. Waktu panen tergantung pertumbuhan tanaman, semakin subur media tumbuh maka semakin cepat tanaman bisa dipanen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) menganalisis pertumbuhan bibit tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.) (2) mengupayakan benih sawi berkecambah lebih cepat dengan penambahan berbagai komposisi media tumbuh. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya. Pada bulan Maret hingga April 2017. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bahan organik dapat meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan bibit tanaman sawi pada semua perlakuan hingga 4 %/etmal dan meningkatkan persentase pertumbuhan bibit tanaman sawi hingga 90%. Hasil komposisi media tumbuh perlakuan P4 yaitu tanah + kompos + seresah jerami (2:1:1) mampu meningkatkan jumlah daun sebesar 9,33 helai, panjang tanaman sebesar 38,80 cm, luas daun sebesar 60,80 cm2, berat kering sebesar 14,81 g, serta rata – rata nilai keseluruan dari LTT (Laju Tumbuh Tanaman) sebesar 40% dan LAB (Laju Asimilasi Bersih) sebesar 76% dibandingkan dengan menggunakan media tumbuh tanah (P0).

THE EFFECT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND COMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEE WORK MOTIVATION AT TOURISM ATTRACTION IN WEST JAVA

The problem in this study is about the problem of employee motivation at work. Here will be examined whether employee work motivation can be improved by providing career development and compensation to employees. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of career development and compensation on employee motivation in tourist attractions in West Java. This research method is a qualitative method using a sample of 132 respondents from Dago Dream Park and Dusun Bambu employees. Data analysis uses correlation coefficient analysis, coefficient of determination, significance test using SPSS version 23. The results showed that career development was given well which was seen from the total average value of 3.85, also employees were given good compensation which can also be seen from the total value of an average of 3.67 and employees had good work motivation that was seen of the total average value of 3.77. The results of the study also showed an influence between career development and compensation for work motivation with the magnitude of influence 61.7% and significant at α 0.05. The conclusion is that there is an increase in employee motivation when given career development and adequate compensation and in accordance with applicable regulations.

Different ages townspeople leisure time analysis in Berezniki town of Perm region

In modern high-paced city environment effective rest is an essential element of satisfactory recreation and human physical and psychological health. It is also an important sector of the national economy and a person development tool. People leisure time structure extensively determines nation development level and is often considered as one of the life quality indexes. In order to study leisure time quality and quantity of Berezniki town of Perm region population we conduct a survey among people of different age and occupation. The questionnaire contained questions about total amount of respondent’s free time and preferred ways of spending it, including physical and social activities, different types of media and hobby. We discovered that total week average leisure time value is about 24 hours with standard deviation of 20 hours. Our study disclosed that most of respondent distribute their spare time between different types of leisure activities: 59.0 % of respondents prefer physical activities, 55.3 % of them like to rest at home, 30.5 % of respondents during their free time participate is social events. Nearly 56 % of respondents claim that they don’t have enough money for their spare time activities, 32 % of them are not satisfied with town outdoor physical activities infrastructure, 28 % – with social activities infrastructure. Ascertained problems solving is an important matter for social stability and economic progress.

GAMBARAN DENSITAS TULANG ALVEOLAR KERANGKA MANUSIA PAWON MENGGUNAKAN RADIOGRAF CBCT 3D

Density of alveolar bone in Pawon Man can describe the life or behavior in the past asdiet and culture. The aim of this study is to determine dietary habit through the density of alveolar bone of Pawon man using radiograph CBCT 3D. This research’s method was descriptive and radiographic, the samples were obtained from secondary datas of three maxillaries and three mandibulars of Pawon Man. This research was conducted using software Ez Implant, then the results were recorded, collected, and presented in tabular form. The result showed that the average value of density of alveolar bone in maxillary anterior was 709 HU and in maxillary posterior was 622 HU and the average value of density of alveolar bone in maxilla was 618 HU, while the average value of density of alveolar bone in mandibular anterior was 601 HU and mandibular posterior was 711 HU with total average value of density of alveolar bone in mandibular was 708 HU, and the region with the highest average value of density was left posterior region of mandible with 713HU. In conclusions, descriptively, the value of density of alveolar bone in mandible tended to be higher than in maxilla, and the left posterior region of mandible has the highest value of density of Pawon Man, allegedly Pawon Man used to chew on the left posterior teeth, thus, the load of chewing and the hardness of food can affect the growth and development of the jaw structure.

Biosafety, and improvement of osteoporosis in cage layers through using chOPG protein

Thirty six 56-week-old ISA cage layers were divided into two groups randomly. The cage layers in control group (12 birds) and experiment group (24 birds) were respectively injected with 300 µL sodium chloride and 300 μg eucaryon recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-chOPG. Eighty 56-week-old ISA cage layers were divided into group A, B, C and D randomly. Group A is for control group, while plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-chOPG was injected to B, C, D groups in muscle at the dosage of 200 μg, 400 μg, 600 μg at 57, 59, 61, 63th weeks respectively. After the detection on the expression of chOPG protein after 3 h, it reached the peak at 7 d and then fell down. After 28 d, nothing was detected in the injected skeletal muscles. The other organs did not express exogenous chOPG protein. Plasmid in liver had the fastest metabolism. The pathological effects in main organs were not observed by histological section. The concentration of plasma calcium in B, C and D groups significantly decreased, while the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly improved, compared to control group. The total average value of abnormal and broken eggs of group C, D was significantly higher than those of group A. The bone biomechanical property and bone radiographic density of tibia and femur in experiment group were significantly higher than control group. Therefore, one conclusion is drawn that the expression of chOPG from foreign plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-chOPG have contribute to bone formation, chOPG can increase bone density and strength by inhibiting bone resorption. Nevertheless, it was cleared out from cellular system in a short-term after intramuscular injection and cannot integrate into host chromosome genomic in cage layers. There were no pathological effects observed in the main tissues. It is believed that 200 μg plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-chOPG should be within the safe range for application, because it can improve bone metabolism and will not affect the production of cage layer during the post cycle.

Modeling of Islamic consumer behavior and background music regarding ambiguity in the Islamic texts

Purpose This study aims to develop a model to analyze the effect of background music on Islamic consumer purchase behavior regarding to ambiguity in the Islamic texts. Design/methodology/approach In this experimental design, the population included chain store consumers in Tehran, among whom more than 17,000 consumers were selected during 42 days. ANOVA was used to analyze the collected data. Findings Based on the results, playing music in a store could significantly influence the total sales and average purchase value, while no positive role was observed on the number of purchases. Furthermore, dual impression form Islam viewpoints regarding music was observed in the present study as it failed to affect the number of sales in spite of influencing the amount of sales. Individuals affected by music buy more expensive goods, which may indicate that those who buy more luxury goods are less inclined to Islamic views or are inclined to those views which regards playing music as legitimate. Research limitations/implications Store managers and marketers in Islamic nation are recommended to play pop music in their store to improve total sales. Managers in islamic nation should play some music when they offer more luxury and less ordinary goods. Although the present study attempted to control potential intervening variables to increase validity, controlling intervening variables is a serious limitation for conducting a field study. Uncontrollable intervening variables established by other media are considered as another limitation in this study. Originality/value For the first time, this study sheds some light on how the types of background music influences on the Islamic consumers. The study shows the ambiguity in the islamic texts and the differences in the judgments of religious regarding playing music to muslim consumer.

Assessment of the internal fit and marginal integrity of interim crowns made by different manufacturing methods

Statement of problemThe adaptation of interim crowns made by subtractive and additive manufacturing has not been well investigated. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the internal fit and marginal discrepancy of interim crowns made by different manufacturing methods. Material and methodsA dentoform mandibular left first molar was prepared for a ceramic crown and scanned for the fabrication of 48 stereolithical resin dies and interim crowns. Group CAM included 16 ZCAD interim crowns made by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology; group 3DP, 16 NextDent MFH interim crowns made by digital light processing technology; and group APP, 16 Jet interim crowns manually made by using autopolymerizing acrylic resin and used as controls. The silicone replica technique was used to determine the internal discrepancy volume before definitive cementation. All crowns were cemented with Temp-Bond NE under a 50-N load and bench set for 10 minutes before microcomputed tomographic (μCT) scan assessment. The volume of cement space was measured by using the μCT scan 3-dimensional (3D) images, and gap distance at assigned locations was recorded by using the μCT scan 2-dimensional (2D) images. The marginal discrepancy was measured by the polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression technique and using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and the Tukey honestly significant difference tests (α=.05). The association between different measuring techniques was analyzed by the Pearson correlation test. ResultsThe gap distance between interim crowns and dies from all 3 groups measured by using the μCT scan 2D images ranged from 0.13 mm to 0.55 mm, with the highest value found at the central occlusal location in group APP. The total average gap distance values recorded for group APP were significantly higher than those for group CAM and group 3DP (P<.05). No significant differences were found in internal discrepancy and cement space volume between group CAM and group 3DP (P>.05). The Pearson correlation test showed a moderate correlation (r=0.69) between the silicone replica technique and the μCT scan technique in determining cement space volume. When the PVS impression technique was used to measure the marginal discrepancy, the mean values obtained from group APP were statistically significantly higher than those from group CAM and group 3DP (P<.05). No statistically significant difference in marginal discrepancy was found between group CAM and group 3DP (P=.70). ConclusionsDigitally fabricated interim crowns had better internal fit and smaller marginal discrepancy than manually constructed interim crowns. The silicone replica technique and μCT scan technique measurements had a moderate correlation in assessing the adaptation of cemented interim crowns.

Changing Soil Characteristics during Succession in the Alaskan Boreal Forest

Core Ideas Repeated sampling compared to a chronosequence can display changes due to climate change. Carbon quantities increased across the floodplain chronosequence, upland sites displayed no change. Nitrogen displayed a chronosequence increase in both concentration and quantity on the floodplain sites. Repeated sampling and chronosequence approaches can be used to develop an understanding of successional dynamics in forest ecosystems. The chronosequence approach enables a relatively rapid and consistent assessment of key variables, but relies on an assumption that spatial variability is a good substitute for temporal dynamics. Repeated sampling gives a more direct measure of temporal dynamics, but by definition requires much more time and is vulnerable to changes in investigators and methodologies. In this study, we compared these techniques in two well‐studied Alaska boreal forest landscape positions—upland (UP) and floodplain (FP)–and found a number of contrasting trends. In UP stands, soil C concentration increased with stand age across the chronosequence, but declined in individual stands over time. Conversely, soil P concentration declined across the UP chronosequence, but increased in individual stands. Both approaches yielded consistent trends for several variables, including N, pH, CEC (UP and FP), and K (UP). No changes were observed for 5 factors (upland C quantity, floodplain C concentration and quantity, and total P and Ca quantity on the floodplain) between sampling years that displayed either a positive or negative chronosequence trend. Changes in the one meter depth profile chemistry between sample time periods were investigated and showed the same differences that were found for the total profile average values of the soil property. Differences observed between these two values were tied to the depth structure of the observed soil characteristic.

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF FIVE COWPEA [(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)] LINES AS FEED RESOURCES FOR RUMINANT PRODUCTION IN BURKINA FASO

The main food resource for ruminant production in Burkina Faso is natural grazing, which cannot sustain ruminant production all year round. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate cultivated forages including crop residues such as fodder whose nutritional values must be verified before they are used in ruminant feed. To this end, samples of the fodder of five cowpea lines [(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)] created at the Saria station were analysed to determine their nutritional values using existing standard techniques. Obtained results revealed dry matter (DM) contents ranging from 91.12 to 91.50%, organic matter (OM) from 83.05 to 90.20%, crude protein (CP) from 13.98% to 17.47 and crude fiber (CB) from 26.45% to 31.85%. Lines BC3F10P34-3 and KVx745-11P contained the highest total nitrogen content and low average crude fiber values. Therefore, these two cowpea lines could be exploited in an appropriate feeding strategy for rural ruminant production.

The status of Mycoplasma bovis infection in clinical mastitis cases in China

In this study, ELISA and PCR were used to examine paired serum and milk samples (n = 850) from China and milk samples (n = 860) from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2008 to 2015. The annual proportion of Mycoplasma bovis‐positive mastitis samples in China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region fluctuated inexplicably, with total average positivity value of 53.0% and 34.2%, respectively. We propose that the monthly variation in the proportion of M. bovis‐positive mastitis milk in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is related to the pathogen's survival in the environment, which requires further confirmation. The results highlight the severity of M. bovis infection in clinical mastitis in China.

Predicting rate of penetration during drilling of deep geothermal well in Korea using artificial neural networks and real-time data collection

We present a feasibility assessment of predicting the rate of penetration (ROP) during wellbore drilling using data obtained as the drilling progresses within a given well. Drilling data from a 4.2 km-deep well at an enhanced geothermal system project are analyzed using an artificial neural network (ANN), with a total of nine input drilling parameters. We also assess the influence of the traditional input drilling parameters used for ROP prediction, and compare groups of these parameters to improve prediction. We then evaluate three different training data scenarios, and predict 5% of the coming section. The first data training scenario uses accumulative data, the second uses different amounts of data, and the third implements square root resampling. The results show that the total average values of mean percentage error for accumulated training, fixed sizes of 300, 200, 100 points, and data square root resampling are 21%, 24.5%, 29.2%, 20.5%, and 15.6%, respectively. In general, accumulative training captures the general ROP trend with depth, but its accuracy decreases in deeper sections. Data resampling returns the lowest mean percentage errors. We suggest that accumulative data and data resampling can be used during for ROP prediction to assist drilling management and decision making.

Unusual aspects of the fat content of mealworm larvae as a novel food

The work focuses on some aspects of content and properties of the fat in mealworm as a novel food. The total fat content of this species is a markedly variable nutritional value that is significantly dependent on the breeding conditions. In this work, the fat content of a mealworm from various Czech suppliers ranged from 202 g.kg-1 to 282 g.kg-1 dry matter, determined using the Soxhlet extraction method. The total average value from all suppliers was 235.8 ±40.8 g.kg-1. This is a range that can be expected by the customer when buying mealworm larvae from a random Czech supplier. Furthermore, the work graphically compares the values of the total fat content with other comparable commodities of animal origin, e.g. chicken or fish. Finally, the aim was to obtain initial information about the comparison of the sensory properties of the mealworm fat with other fats of animal origin using a simple electronic nose. There was a difference between the fat obtained from insect larvae and the conventional unprocessed fats. This work brings a wider view of fat as a taste carrier in a new food - a mealworm.