Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay Research Articles

Total Antioxidant Status in Critically Ill Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury and Secondary Organ Failure-A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The available literature indicates that oxidant-antioxidant imbalance plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and the subsequent secondary organ dysfunctions. However, there is a lack of studies summarizing the knowledge in this area, and no clear guidelines exist regarding the use of biomarkers of oxidative stress as diagnostics tools. Methods: The present work aims to provide a systematic review of the literature on the use of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays in predicting the outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI). A literature search was conducted up to 1 September 2024, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines, using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Based on the inclusion criteria, 24 studies were used for the final review. Results: Promising data indicate that TAC assays are useful in predicting 30-day mortality and neurological outcomes. Moreover, they correlate with radiological findings on CT scans in brain injury and the clinical classifications of injuries, as well as the parameters of organ failure. Conclusions: Total antioxidant capacity assays can be used to assess the extent of brain damage and prognosticate general vital functions. Future experiments should include long-term randomized clinical trials on larger populations of TBI patients.

Evaluation of Total Flavonoids, Total Phenolics Content and in Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Extract of Platycerium bifurcatum Leaf: A Potential Antihypertensive Medicinal Plant

Plant bioactive compounds possess the potential to function as antioxidants, which makes interest in the use of ethnomedicine for treatment or prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress to be growing. This study evaluated the flavonoid contents, total phenolics and in vitro antioxidant activity of Platycerium bifurcatum leaf extract. The free radical scavenging activity was determined using diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide assay, and the reducing power by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the total antioxidant capacity assays. The total phenolics content of the extract was 4.7 ± 0.56 mg GAE/g extract and flavonoid contents of the extract was 46.73 ± 2.03 mg QE/g extract. The extarct exhibited a dose dependent nitric oxide and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, which showed a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity and the flavonoid contents and total phenolics. The appreciable amount of flavonoid contents, total phenolics and its strong antioxidant properties suggested that Platycerium bifurcatum is a promising source of novel lead antioxidants and could be utilized in the treatment of oxidative stress mediated cardiovascular disease like hypertensive and obesity

Phytochemical characterization and valorization of Quercus ilex (west of Algeria)

<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;" lang="EN-US">This project is part of the promotion of natural resources such as Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP). In order to assess the economic value of NTFP, this research focuses on the phytochemical analysis of holm oak (</span><em><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;" lang="EN-US">Quercus ilex </span></em><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;" lang="EN-US">L.) from the Terni region (Western Algeria). It focused on bioactive substances, particularly polyphenols. The method used consists of extracting the phenolic compounds by two methods which are maceration and ultrasound from the leaves and bark of this species. The quantity of these compounds is assessed spectrometrically and the antioxidant activity of the extracts in vitro using free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays. The results obtained indicate that maceration offers the best yield for extracting phenolic compounds from the leaves, with a yield of 10.74%. These results also showed that the extracts of holm oak leaves and bark are rich in phenolic compounds and have a content of total phenols (103,014±1,393 and 813.462±1.675 mg EAG/g DM), flavonoids (87.078±6.220 and 949.936±36.394 mg EC/g DM) and condensed tannins (57.194±12.447 and 940.195±20.417 mg EC/g DM). Regarding the antioxidant power, it is evident that all extracts have significant antioxidant capacity, and all have high free radical scavenging activity. The highest inhibition percents are 84.98±7.45% for the leaf extract and 83.15±9.27% for the bark extract. According to these results, holm oak contains a large quantity of polyphenols and antioxidant molecules. This information represents a natural source of antioxidants which remains to be exploited for future use in the agri-food and health sectors, within the broader framework of promoting the biodiversity of Algerian plants (NTFP).</span></p>

Characteristics of Polysaccharides from Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Kernels.

Polysaccharides from hemp seeds exhibit antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. However, crude polysaccharide quality is often low owing to the presence of fibres and pigment impurities, which are difficult to eliminate in the hemp seed shell. In this study, crude polysaccharides from hemp kernels (HKP) were obtained by hot water extraction and separated by membrane ultrafiltration into eight fractions with different molecular weights. Total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging (DPPH) assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of HKP and the fractions in vitro. The structural characteristics of HKP were determined using various analytical techniques. The Fe3+-reducing power of HKP was 7.65 ± 0.22 μmol/g, and HKP possessed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging rates (94.30 ± 2.27%), similar to 5 mg/mL Vitamin C (Vc), which had a rate of 95%. The HKP was an acidic polysaccharide with a low molecular weight (4.21 ± 0.12 kDa). The monosaccharide composition indicated that HKP primarily comprised mannose, ribose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 0.96:1.95:8.27:0.98:9.46:1.69:6.10:2.82. The molar mass of HKP was distributed widely in a triple helical conformation. This study provides a scientific basis for further research on the use of hemp polysaccharides.

Characterization and monitoring of changes during lactation in the profile of multiple bioactive compounds of milk from grazing mares.

Mare milk has often been considered a food product with potential functional properties. However, the bioactive compound composition of mare milk, including vitamins and other minor bioactive compounds, as well as factors affecting this composition have scarcely been studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the changes during lactation in the content of water- and fat-soluble vitamins and total polyphenols, and the total antioxidant capacity of mare milk from semi-extensive farms. A total of 310 individual milk samples from 18 mares belonging to three commercial farms and 12 lactation times were analyzed. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), nicotinic acid and niacinamide (vitamins B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxal and pyridoxine (vitamins B6), folic acid (vitamin B9), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) and retinol and retinyl esters (vitamin A) were quantified using liquid chromatography. Total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity assays were analyzed using spectrophotometry. The concentration of most bioactive compounds tended to decline as lactation progressed, with the exception of polyphenols and the total antioxidant capacity that oscillated during lactation. On the other hand, the effect of the different semi-extensive management of the farms was only significant for vitamin B3 content. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the most in-depth description of the vitamin profile of mare milk as well as new insights into polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of mare milk. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Ultrathin PtTeNi nanosheets as a peroxidase mimic for colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid

Utilizing the peroxidase (POD) activity of nanozymes to construct the colorimetric sensors is a popular strategy for assessing the antioxidant capacity of biological molecules, but the detection sensitivity is often compromised by their low enzymatic activity. Pt-based nanozymes, favored by their regulated nanostructures, well provide numerous binding sites for H2O2, and exhibit enhanced POD performance. Here, we utilized a simple hydrothermal method to synthesize PtTeNi nanomaterials featured with the ultrathin sheets for detecting biological antioxidant (ascorbic acid (AA) as the model). With the TMB-H2O2 system as the colorimetric substrate, PtTeNi nanomaterial exhibited superior POD-like activity with a higher Vmax (5.02 × 10−4 mM s−1) and lower Km (3.14 mM)) in contrast to natural HRP. AA significantly inhibited the colorimetric reaction of PtTeNi-TMB-H2O2 system via competitively binding OH generated by PtTeNi-mediated H2O2 catalysis and further blocking oxTMB formation. Inspired by this fact, the PtTeNi-TMB-H2O2 colorimetric sensor successfully realized highly sensitive and selective detection of AA with a good linear range from 5 μM to 500 μM and the detection limit of 2.94 μM. For analyzing the total antioxidant capability and AA contents in actual samples (commercial drinks and vitamin C tablets), the PtTeNi-based colormetric method displayed comparable results with the commercial total antioxidant capacity assay kit, with the advantages of easy operation, convenient storage and high stability. This work fully affirms the excellent enzyme-like performance of Pt-based nanomaterial and confirms the feasibility of nanozymes-based colorimetric sensing strategy in detecting antioxidant capability of biological molecules.

Colchicine, serotobenine, and kinobeon A: novel therapeutic compounds in Carthamus tinctorius L. for the management of diabetes

Diabetes, a global health concern, poses increasing mortality risks. The pathogenesis of diabetes involves multiple mechanisms, with oxidative stress being one of the key contributors. As synthetic drugs have various side effects, which can be minimized by using herbal plants. This study focuses on the In vitro antioxidant potential, α-amylase inhibition potential, identification of bioactive compounds, and hub genes in diabetes treatment mechanism by using C. tinctorius Extraction of C. tinctorious lead and flower was performed using different solvents (Distilled water, methanol, chloroform, and Dimethyl ether). After extraction different concentrations range from 25–200 mg/mL) was made and checked against activities. The antioxidant potential was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic contents (TPC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays, while antidiabetic activity was evaluated through α-amylase inhibition assay. Phytochemicals was identified by GC–MS analysis, followed by ADMET screening and network pharmacology analysis using Swiss Target Prediction, Gene Card, DesGeNet, DAVID, STRING, Cytoscape, and drug revitalization databases. Results revealed positive correlations with DPPH, TAC, and TPC. Methanol extract exhibited the highest inhibitory concentration. Screening of 46 compounds was performed by studying their pharmacokinetic properties which revealed 9 compounds effective against 204 diabetes targets. Moreover, their network analysis identified four hub genes, including AKT1, JUN, EGFR, and MMP9. These genes found highly associated with drugs like Colchicine and Serotobenine. Revitalization analysis also highlighted four genes (EGFR, PTGS2, AKT1, and MMP9) strongly correlated with FDA-approved drugs. The study suggests C. tinctorius methanol extract is a potential source for novel drugs.Graphical

Green tea extract reduces viral proliferation and ROS production during Feline Herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) infection

BackgroundFeline Herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) is a worldwide spread pathogen responsible for viral rhinotracheitis and conjunctivitis in cats that, in the most severe cases, can lead to death. Despite the availability of a variety of antiviral medications to treat this illness, mainly characterized by virostatic drugs that alter DNA replication, their use is often debated. Phytotherapeutic treatments are a little-explored field for FHV-1 infections and reactivations. In this scenario, natural compounds could provide several advantages, such as reduced side effects, less resistance and low toxicity. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential inhibitory effects of the green tea extract (GTE), consisting of 50% of polyphenols, on FHV-1 infection and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.ResultsCrandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells were treated with different doses of GTE (10–400 µg/mL) during the viral adsorption and throughout the following 24 h. The MTT and TCID50 assays were performed to determine the cytotoxicity and the EC50 of the extract, determining the amounts of GTE used for the subsequent investigations. The western blot assay showed a drastic reduction in the expression of viral glycoproteins (i.e., gB and gI) after GTE treatment. GTE induced not only a suppression in viral proliferation but also in the phosphorylation of Akt protein, generally involved in viral entry. Moreover, the increase in cell proliferation observed in infected cells upon GTE addition was supported by enhanced expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic proteins. Finally, GTE antioxidant activity was evaluated by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The ROS burst observed during FHV-1 infection was mitigated after GTE treatment, leading to a reduction in the oxidative imbalance.ConclusionsAlthough further clinical trials are necessary, this study demonstrated that the GTE could potentially serve as natural inhibitor of FHV-1 proliferation, by reducing viral entry. Moreover, it is plausible that the extract could inhibit apoptosis by modulating the intrinsic pathway, thus affecting ROS production.

Multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of novel nicotinonitrile analogues bearing imidazole or triazole moieties: Synthesis, antioxidant activity, molecular docking, and ADMET studies

The study is aimed to synthesize, characterize and evaluate antioxidant activity of novel highly functionalized nicotinonitrile analogues bearing imidazole or triazole moieties. The targeted compounds were synthesized via one-pot four component reaction and characterized by elemental and spectrometric analyses. The newly 16-synthesized compounds were assessed as antioxidant agents using the total antioxidant capacity assay. The experimental results indicated that four out of sixteen compounds exhibited the most antioxidant effect with 38.81 and 18.66 mg AAE/g considering ascorbic acid equivalent. The molecular docking screening on the novel potential compounds, further supported by ADMET/drug-likeness screening was conducted. The outcomes of the docking simulations revealed that compounds 4e, 4f, 4g, and 6h are considered safe and non-toxic. These 4 compounds exhibited significant affinity, as evidenced by binding energies of -11.9, -10.9, -11.2, and -11.60 kcal/mol, respectively, with the active site of human cytochrome P450. Additionally, these compounds showed significant binding energies with NAD(P)H Oxidase of -9.90, -9.50, -9.90, and -9.50 kcal/mol, respectively. These interactions involved diverse types of molecular interactions and demonstrated favorable binding energies, indicating the potential of these compounds to modulate antioxidant enzymes and demonstrate promising antioxidant effects. The in-silico ADMET profiles of compounds 4e, 4f, 4g, and 6h indicated their adherence to the Lipinski rules, subsequently, they could be potential orally bioavailable drug-like molecules.

Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of Moringa oleifera Leaves of Different Geographical Origins and Their Antioxidant Effects on C2C12 Myotubes.

Moringa oleifera is widely grown throughout the tropics and increasingly used for its therapeutic and nutraceutical properties. These properties are attributed to potent antioxidant and metabolism regulators, including glucosinolates/isothiocyanates as well as flavonoids, polyphenols, and phenolic acids. Research to date largely consists of geographically limited studies that only examine material available locally. These practices make it unclear as to whether moringa samples from one area are superior to another, which would require identifying superior variants and distributing them globally. Alternatively, the finding that globally cultivated moringa material is essentially functionally equivalent means that users can easily sample material available locally. We brought together accessions of Moringa oleifera from four continents and nine countries and grew them together in a common garden. We performed a metabolomic analysis of leaf extracts (MOLE) using an LC-MSMS ZenoTOF 7600 mass spectrometry system. The antioxidant capacity of leaf samples evaluated using the Total Antioxidant Capacity assay did not show any significant difference between extracts. MOLE samples were then tested for their antioxidant activity on C2C12 myotubes challenged with an oxidative insult. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added to the myotubes after pretreatment with different extracts. H2O2 exposure caused an increase in cell death that was diminished in all samples pretreated with moringa extracts. Our results show that Moringa oleifera leaf extract is effective in reducing the damaging effect of H2O2 in C2C12 myotubes irrespective of geographical origin. These results are encouraging because they suggest that the use of moringa for its therapeutic benefits can proceed without the need for the lengthy and complex global exchange of materials between regions.

Ruthenium(II) Complex-Based Tetradentate Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Investigations.

In this work, we describe the synthesis of novel Ruthenium (II) complex-based salen Schiff bases. The obtained Ruthenium (II) complexes are characterized using usual spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques, viz., IR, UV-Vis, NMR (1H and 13C), powder X-ray diffraction, and HRMS. Further techniques, such as DTA-TGA and elemental analysis, are used to well establish the structure of the obtained complexes. Octahedral geometries are tentatively proposed for the new Ru(II) complexes. The measured molar conductance for the Ruthenium (II) complexes shows their electrolytic nature (4.24-4.44 S/m). The new Ru(II) complexes are evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays show that the obtained complexes are more potent than the used positive control. They also exhibit promising antibacterial responses against pathogen bacteria: [RuH2L3Cl2] exhibits an important inhibition against Bacillus subtilis DSM 6633, with an inhibition zone of 21 ± 1.41 mm with an MIC value of 0.39 mg/mL, and Proteus mirabilis INH, with 16.50 ± 0.70 mm and an MIC value of 0.78 mg/mL, while [RuH2L2Cl2] exerts interesting antibacterial effects versus Bacillus subtilis DSM 6633 (21 ± 1.41 mm) and Proteus mirabilis INH (25.5 ± 0.70 mm) with equal MIC values of 0.97 mg/mL.

Trehalose prevents the formation of aggregates of mutant ataxin-3 and reduces soluble ataxin-3 protein levels in an SCA3 cell model

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutant ataxin-3 with an abnormally expanded polyQ tract and is the most common dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide. There are no suitable therapeutic options for this disease. Autophagy, a defense mechanism against the toxic effects of aggregation-prone misfolded proteins, has been shown to have beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, trehalose, which is an autophagy inducer, may have beneficial effects on SCA3. In the present study, we examined the effects of trehalose on an SCA3 cell model. After trehalose treatment, aggregate formation, soluble ataxin-3 protein levels and cell viability were evaluated in HEK293T cells overexpressing ataxin-3-15Q or ataxin-3-77Q. We also explored the mechanism by which trehalose affects autophagy and stress pathways. A filter trap assay showed that trehalose decreased the number of aggregates formed by mutant ataxin-3 containing an expanded polyQ tract. Western blot and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) results demonstrated that trehalose also reduced the ataxin-3 protein levels and was safe for ataxin-3-expressing cells, respectively. Western blot and total antioxidant capacity assays suggested that trehalose had great therapeutic potential for treating SCA3, likely through its antioxidant activity. Our data indicate that trehalose plays a neuroprotective role in SCA3 by inhibiting the aggregation and reducing the protein level of ataxin-3, which is also known to protect against oxidative stress. These findings provide a new insight into the possibility of treating SCA3 with trehalose and highlight the importance of inducing autophagy in SCA3.

Variation in leaf morphology and architecture, phytochemical content, and antioxidant capacity among 36 Camellia sinensis clones of the Indian sub-Himalayan region

Camellia sinensis, renowned as the second most widely consumed nonalcoholic beverage worldwide, bears substantial economic importance, prompting cultivators to breed various clones for enhanced flavor and quality. This study analyzed the variation in leaf phenotype, phytochemicals (total tannins and proanthocyanidins content) and antioxidant potential of 36 widely cultivated tea clones from India’s sub-Himalayan region using multivariate analysis. Results indicated that TV23 had the largest leaf and SS27 and RR had the smallest. TS520 was the richest in tannin, proanthocyanidins, and antioxidants, while S3A1 and Heeleakah were the least. Principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis unveiled four morphological clusters (representative clones - TV1, TV23, TV30, 124.48.8) and four phytochemical clusters (representative clones - TS520, TV9, TV27, P126). GC-MS analysis revealed that TV1 and TV30 had high caffeine content (82.0%), while TS520 exhibited abundant antioxidant compounds, including sycllo-inositol (23.84%) and epigallocatechin (4.23%). TS520’s exceptional antioxidant properties, confirmed by DPPH, ABTS, and total antioxidant capacity assays, may result from its cultivation through seed propagation. Correlation analysis showed antioxidant potential had moderate negative associations with leaf size, strong negative with inter-secondary vein number, and positive with petiole length. This study is pivotal for assessing tea clone diversity, with broader applications in tea improvement and breeding programs.

Comprehensive chemical profiling with UHPLC-MS, in-vitro, in-silico, and in-vivo antidiabetic potential of Typha domingensis Pers; A novel source of bioactive compounds

Aim of studyTypha is one of the valuable plant genera in folklore use in diabetes, and it can be a good source of bioactive chemicals. The current project was planned to investigate the pharmaceutical potential of n-butanol fraction of Typha domingensis Pers. (TDBF), a less explored medicinal plant. Materials and methodsThe phytochemical composition of the TDBF was assessed through a comprehensive analysis, encompassing the quantification of total bioactive contents (including total tannins and HPLC-PDA quantification) and a thorough exploration of secondary metabolites through scanning with UHPLC-MS. The pharmacological assessment included the determination of antioxidant activity (Total Antioxidant Capacity and Metal Chelating Assay), hemolytic potential, in-vitro antidiabetic effects (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, and antiglycation activity), as well as in-vivo antidiabetic activities. Molecular docking and ADMET studies were also performed for UHPLC-MS identified compounds. ResultsThe TDBF showed 134.76 ± 8.23 mg TAE/g total tannin contents. With HPLC-PDA, p-Hydroxy benzoic acid and p-Coumaric acid were quantified. During UHPLC-MS scanning, a total of five bioactive metabolites were identified in the negative mode, while 54 were detected in the positive mode. The in-vivo assessment of antidiabetic activity revealed a notable reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats following treatment with the extract, demonstrating its efficacy compared to the control groups. Furthermore, the extract exhibited a positive impact on renal and liver function, evidenced by lowered levels of serum urea, ALT, ALP, creatinine, and a decrease in serum cholesterol levels. ConclusionThe results of this study showed that Typha domingensis Pers. possesses a variety of bioactive compounds and demonstrates notable potential in regulating diabetes. The study recommends further investigation into isolating these bioactive phytochemicals for their potential therapeutic applications across various diseases.

Temporary alleviation of MAPK by arbutin alleviates oxidative damage in the retina and ARPE-19 cells

Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main diseases that causes blindness in humans, and the number of cases is increasing yearly. However, effective treatments are unavailable, and arbutin (ARB) has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects in other age-related diseases. However, whether ARB can be used to treat dry AMD remains unknown. To explore the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanism of arbutin in the treatment of dry AMD. MTT assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assays, flow cytometry assays, qPCR and western blotting were used to assess the impact of ARB on human RPECs induced by H2O2. A transcriptome sequencing assay was used to further explore how ARB acts on human RPECs treated with H2O2. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) assays were used to observe the impact of ARB on mouse retina induced by sodium iodate. ARB counteracted the H2O2-induced reduction in human RPECs viability, ARB reversed H2O2-induced cellular ROS production by increasing the expression of antioxidant-related genes and proteins, ARB also reversed H2O2-induced cell apoptosis by altering the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. Transcriptome sequencing and western blotting showed that ARB reduced ERK1/2 and P-38 phosphorylation to prevent H2O2-induced oxidation damage. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that ARB protected against retinal morphology injury in mice, increased serum T-AOC levels and increased antioxidant oxidase gene expression levels in the mouse retina induced by sodium iodate. We concluded that ARB reversed the H2O2-induced decrease in human RPECs viability through the inhibition of ROS production and apoptosis. The ERK1/2 and P38 MAPK signaling pathways may mediate this process. ARB maintained retinal morphology, increased serum T-AOC level and improved the expression of antioxidant oxidase genes in mice.

Biomedical and therapeutic potential of marine-derived Pseudomonas sp. strain AHG22 exopolysaccharide: A novel bioactive microbial metabolite

Abstract Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are gaining interest as alternatives to chemical antioxidants and pharmaceuticals. This study mines the promising biomedical and antimicrobial potential of a marine bacterium, a prolific EPS producer, isolated from the Red Sea. Pseudomonas sp. strain AHG22 generated an EPS weighing 6.98 g·L−1, coded EPSF8, subjected to FT-IR and HPLC chemical analysis. EPSF8 was then investigated for antioxidant assessment by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), H2O2, ABTS˙ + , nitric oxide, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). EPSF8 had an IC50 of 46.99 μg·mL−1 in the DPPH antioxidant assay and antioxidant capacities of 219.45 μg·mg−1 ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) in the TAC assay and 54.15 μg·mg−1 AAE in the FRAP assay. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of EPSF8 was tested against 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes and compared with the drugs ibuprofen and celecoxib used as controls. The IC50 values of 5-LOX, COX-2, ibuprofen, and celecoxib were found to be 14.82, 15.49, 1.5, and 0.28 μg·mL−1, respectively. Additionally, EPSF8 revealed antidiabetic activity toward α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and the IC50 values were 93.1 and 127.28 μg·mL−1, compared to those of acarbose (50.93 and 4.13 μg·mL−1, respectively). Anti-obesity activity of EPSF8 by lipase inhibition revealed IC50 = 56.12 μg·mL−1 compared to orlistat (IC50 = 20.08 μg·mL−1) as a control. EPSF8 displayed antibiofilm and bactericidal activity against Gram-positive (G +ve) and Gram-negative (G −ve) ATCC pathogenic bacterial strains. It had a minimum bactericidal concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration ratio ≤2, indicating a broad bactericidal spectrum. Furthermore, EPSF8 is evidenced to have a promising anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity for the control of Alzheimer’s disease. The findings of the present analysis suggest that the isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain AHG22 EPS can potentially be explored as a promising green therapeutic compound.

In vitro examination of the antioxidants, osajin and pomiferin, in cultured rat mesangial cells

Purpose: The goal of this study was to identify concentrations of osajin and pomiferin, purified compounds originating from Maclura pomifera, that work as effective antioxidants while maintaining cell viability in cultured rat mesangial cells. Rationale and Significance: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication faced by type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients alike. Oxidative stress has emerged as an important pathogenic mechanism in the development of glomerular and tubular injury in DN. Identifying novel antioxidants found in natural compounds could serve as an effective treatment in DN to prevent renal cell damage. Methodology: Rat mesangial cells (NMS) were grown to confluency in RPMI 1640 medium with 17% fetal bovine serum and 1x antibiotic/antimycotic. NMS cells were exposed to vehicle (control) or varying concentrations of pomiferin or osajin. MTT cell survival assays were used to assess cell viability for the selected concentrations. Antioxidant status was assessed using the Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay from Sigma-Aldrich and quercetin was selected as a positive control. Findings: Data from MTT cell viability assays demonstrated several concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mM) of both osajin and pomiferin maintained cell viability in NMS cells. Antioxidant capacity assay plans will be discussed as this is an ongoing project and we hope to identify the total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant response in NMS cells. Future plans also include moving forward with selected concentrations to identify the effectiveness of osajin and/or pomiferin in preventing high glucose-induced damage to glomerular cells and proximal tubular epithelial cells as this will be essential for investigating the benefit of using either compound in diabetic nephropathy. Research reported in this poster was supported by the University of the Incarnate Word Offce of Research and Graduate Studies. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Synthesis, molecular docking studies and biological evaluation of N-(4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-chromen-7-yl) benzamides as potential antioxidant, and anticancer agents

A series of novel chromone derivatives of (N-(4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-chromen-6-yl) benzamides) were synthesized by treating 7-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one with K2CO3 and/or NaH, suitable alkyl halides and acetonitrile and/or 1,4-dioxane. The obtained products are in high yields (87 to 96%) with various substituents in short reaction times with no more by-products and confirmed by FT-IR, 1H, and 13C-NMR Spectral data. The in vitro cytotoxic activity was examined against two human cancer cell lines, namely the human lung adenocarcinoma (A-549) and the human breast (MCF-7) cancer cell line. Compound 4h showed promising cytotoxicity against both cell lines with IC50 values of 22.09 and 6.40 ± 0.26 µg/mL respectively, compared to that of the standard drug. We also performed the in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide, NO scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay methods, and they showed significant activities. The possible binding interactions of all the synthesized chromone derivatives are also investigated against selective pharmacological targets of human beings, such as HERA protein for cytotoxic activity and Peroxiredoxins (3MNG) for antioxidant activity which showed closer binding free energies than the standard drugs and evidencing the above two types of activities.

Exploring the multifaceted bioactivities of Lavandula pinnata L. essential oil: promising pharmacological activities.

Introduction: This study investigates the biological activities of Lavandula pinnata essential oil (LPEO), an endemic lavender species from the Canary Islands, traditionally used in treating various ailments. Methods: LPEO was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion, MIC, MBC, and MFC determination against bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal (Candida glabrata, Rhodotorula glutinis, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum) strains. Antidiabetic and anti-gout potential were investigated through α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase inhibition assays. Antityrosinase activity was determined using a modified dopachrome method. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay against breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468), liver (HepG2), colon (HCT-15) cancer cells, and normal cells (PBMCs). Results and discussion: LPEO exhibits potent antiradical activity (IC50 = 148.33 ± 2.48μg/mL) and significant antioxidant capacity (TAC = 171.56 ± 2.34μg AA/mg of EO). It demonstrates notable antibacterial activity against four strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with inhibition zones ranging from 18.70 ± 0.30mm to 29.20 ± 0.30mm, along with relatively low MIC and MBC values. LPEO displays significant antifungal activity against four strains (Candida glabrata, Rhodotorula glutinis, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium digitatum) with a fungicidal effect at 1mg/mL, surpassing the positive control (cycloheximide), and MIC and MFC values indicating a fungicidal effect. It exhibits substantial inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme (IC50 = 26.48 ± 0.90μg/mL), comparable to allopurinol, and marked inhibitory effects on α-amylase (IC50 = 31.56 ± 0.46μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 58.47 ± 2.35μg/mL) enzymes.The enzyme tyrosinase is inhibited by LPEO (IC50 = 29.11 ± 0.08mg/mL). LPEO displays moderate cytotoxic activity against breast, liver, and colon cancer cells, with low toxicity towards normal cells (PBMC). LPEO exhibits greater selectivity than cisplatin for breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT-15) cancer cells but lower selectivity for liver (HepG2) and metastatic breast (MDA-MB-468) cancer cells. These findings suggest the potential of LPEO as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-gout, antidiabetic, and anticancer agent.

Distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds in flour milling fractions from hard red winter wheat

Mature wheat kernels contain three main parts: endosperm, bran, and germ. Flour milling results in multiple streams that are chemically different; however, the distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds has not been well documented in terms of conventional milling by-product streams. In this study, multiple analytical methods were used to investigate antioxidant activity and phenolic compound compositions of hard red winter wheat (whole ground wheat), the parts of a wheat kernel (bran, flour, germ), and wheat by-product streams (mill feed, red dog, shorts) for the first time. For each mill stream, phenolic compounds (total, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents) were determined and antioxidant activities were evaluated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity assays. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in phenolic concentrations among fractions of bran, flour, and germ milled from the same kernels and noted that germ accounts for the majority of antioxidant properties, whereas bran contains a substantial portion of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Mill feed was high in phenolic content (5.29 mg FAE/g), total antioxidant capacity (866 mg/g), and antioxidant activity (up to 75% DPPH inhibition and 20.26 μmol FeSO4/g). The comprehensive information on distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds provides insights for future human consumption of commonly produced co-products from flour milling, and for selecting and using different milling fractions to make foods with improved nutritional properties.