Total Amount Of Energy Consumption Research Articles

Competition intensity of energy flow among Chinese sectors from a two-mode network perspective

This paper investigates the competition intensity of the energy flow among Chinese sectors by employing input‒output (I–O) analysis, a two-mode complex network and the resource allocation process (RAP). Specifically, there exists energy flow from the upstream sector to different downstream sectors, and there are competitive relationships among these different downstream sectors. Moreover, the total amount of energy consumption is constant, and the amount of energy required by each sector varies. Thus, the competition intensity among sectors also varies. The empirical results are as follows. First, the characteristics of energy flow and the competitive relationship have changed little, which means that the energy structure has almost not changed. Second, the same types of sectors have much closer links, indicating that the competition intensity in these sectors is much stronger. Third, there are two obvious features in the energy competition intensity of sectors: (1) Sectors that experience competition by others for energy are more than sectors that compete with others (2) The competition intensity among sectors and in industry as a whole gradually decrease from 2012 to 2020. This study helps provide insights by analyzing competition intensity and by providing suggestions for energy distribution.

Recent Trends In Renewable Energy Sector Of EU

The energy efficiency issue attracts everybody’s attention all over the world. It is strongly linked with the climate change problem, and a series of solutions and recommendations are offered and prepared to meet these challenges. Recent energy policies are aimed to achieve a gradual and successful transition from conventional energy sources to alternative ones. The main intention is to achieve energy efficiency alongside decreasing the impact of production on the environment. However, historical trends suggest that usually similar policies have been ostensible, as they have only caused an increase in the amount of total energy consumption, rather than to achieve the aforementioned aim. On the other hand, EU countries have addressed a number of approaches to grow renewable energy installations at the national level as well as addressing issues that have arisen during the deployment of renewable energy infrastructures in various nations.

Increasing the efficiency of municipal solid waste energy by investigating the effect of die temperature and retention time on the produced pellets: A case study of Kahrizak, Iran

In order to optimize waste production and address the global energy crisis, the conversion of waste into energy has become a necessary practice. This study aimed to investigate fuel pellet production from unused waste at the Kahrizak Waste Center in Tehran, Iran. Pellets were produced in the laboratory as single pellets, and the impacts of two variables including die temperature (90 °C and 110 °C) and retention time (5 s and 20 s) on density, toughness, water resistance time, density change, proximate analysis, calorific value, and energy consumption producing single pellets were evaluated. The appearance of pellets indicated that higher temperatures have more effect on pellet coherence than retention time. The solid waste was shredded to fluff, and the fluff waste bulk density and heating value were measured at 30.3 kg/m³ and 12 MJ/kg, respectively. By converting fluff to pellets, the density and heating value were increased. The highest density and heating value was for pellets made at 110 °C and 5 s, and they were 883.70 kg/m³ and 29.01 MJ/kg, respectively. Additionally, retention time was the main factor influencing the total amount of energy consumption. Pellets produced at high temperatures and retention times had higher toughness up to 1696.29 J/m³ . A longer retention time in the die reduced the rate of density changes.‎ In conclusion, considering the ‎‎characteristics of the pellets and the ‎amount of energy consumed, fuel pellets produced at 110 °C ‎and 5 s were the best option ‎‎for converting unused waste into a high-value pellet in the Kahrizak waste ‎center‎‎.

Examining Preference for Energy-Related Information through a Choice Experiment

Many studies have shown that providing information on energy consumption to a household is effective, to some extent, in encouraging its energy conservation behavior. These studies provided information free of charge. However, depending on the type of information, a household must bear costs, such as installing the necessary equipment to obtain the information. Are people willing to pay for the information? In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted to examine willingness to pay (WTP) for energy-related information using a choice experiment. The data were analyzed using conditional logit and latent class models. Positive WTP was estimated for information on the total energy consumption amount for the entire house, detailed electricity usage amount for each major home appliance, electricity rates by time zone, and power source composition of electricity. No significant positive results were obtained for comparison with the other households, as the class that accounted for about 40% of the analyzed sample had negative WTP for this information. When electricity companies provide comparative information, it is better to carefully consider how and to whom they provide it. The results of the latent class model show that preferences vary among classes. Although some preference variations exist, some households have a positive WTP for information on energy consumption.

Hybrid hydrate processes for CO2/H2 mixture purification: A techno-economic analysis

In this work, hydrate based separation technique was combined with membrane separation and amine-absorption separation technologies to design hybrid processes for separation of CO 2 /H 2 mixture. Hybrid processes are designed in the presence of different types of hydrate promoters. The conceptual processes have been developed using Aspen HYSYS. Proposed processes were simulated at different flow rates for the feed stream. A comprehensive cost model was developed for economic analysis of novel processes proposed in this study. Based on the results from process simulation and equipment sizing, the amount of total energy consumption, fixed cost, variable cost, and total cost were calculated per unit weight of captured CO 2 for various flow rates of feed stream and in the presence of different hydrate promoters. Results showed that combination of hydrate formation separation technique with membrane separation technology results in a CO 2 capture process with lowest energy consumption and total cost per unit weight of captured CO 2 . As split fraction and heat of hydrate formation increases, the share of hydrate formation section in total energy consumption increases. When TBAB is applied as hydrate promoter, due to its higher hydrate separation efficiency, more amount of CO 2 is captured in hydrate formation section and consequently the total cost for process decreases considerably. Hybrid hydrate-membrane process in the presence of TBAB as hydrate promoter with 29.47 US$/ton CO 2 total cost is the best scheme for hybrid hydrate CO 2 capture process. Total cost for this process is lower than total cost for single MDEA-based absorption process as the mature technology for CO 2 capture. • Hydrate-based separation was combined with membrane and chemical absorption technologies to purify CO 2 /H 2 mixture. • The processes were designed and simulated in the presence of different hydrate promoters. • Techno-economic study was performed to estimate energy consumption, operating cost, and fixed cost of proposed processes. • Hybrid hydrate-membrane process in the presence of TBAB has the lowest total cost as 29.47 US$/ton CO 2 .

The Analysis of Total Amount of Energy Consumption and Structure in China

This paper built up GM(1,1) models for energy production and consumption in China. Then predicted and analyzed total amount of energy production and consumption in China as well as the structure of energy. The study showed that GM(1,1) model can simulate and predict the trend of the total amount of energy consumption and the structure well. In the future, the structure of energy consumption will be optimized. The proportion of coal and oil will decrease and the proportion of gas and renewable energy sources will increase in order to fill the gap.

A decision-making model for comparing the energy demand of additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing and conventional subtractive manufacturing based on life cycle method

Additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM) holds great potential for producing lightweight and ready-to-use parts with high accuracy within a single workstation. It is viewed as a promising technology to improve material efficiency and shorten manufacturing cycle. However, the energy-efficient manufacturing is not always achieved due to the huge electrical energy consumption in the manufacturing phase. It is not a simple “yes-or-no” question that ASHM process is more energy-saving than conventional subtractive manufacturing (CSM) process for production of a given part when considering the life cycle energy demand.For addressing this problem, this paper developed a decision-making model for quantitatively analyzing and comparing the energy demand of ASHM process and CSM process. The model takes into account the whole life cycle of the part, including pre-manufacturing phase, manufacturing phase, use phase, and end-of-life recycling. The critical variables of solid-to-envelope ratio, lightweight ratio, energy consumption reduction coefficient (ERC) are embedded in the model, and their synergistic effects on energy demand comparison are comprehensively analyzed. Moreover, the electrical specific energy consumption of the manufacturing phase was extrapolated as a function of the process parameters in the two manufacturing processes, and the unique relationship between specific energy consumption and process rate, laser power of the ASHM process is established, which can improve the generality of the decision-making model.The results indicated that parts used in aerospace are more suitable for production with ASHM process due to the lightweight and extremely high ERC, which leads to less energy consumption in the use phase compared to conventional manufactured parts. In static non-moving usage scenario, when the material recycling process is not considered, the manufacturing phase in ASHM process accounts for a large amount of total energy consumption, reached about 84%, while the material production in CSM process accounts for the largest proportion, reached almost 86%. In addition, process rate in ASHM process has an important effect on the electrical energy consumption in the manufacturing phase. By increasing the process rate from 1.5 to 5.5 g/min, the energy consumption of the manufacturing phase in ASHM process was saved by 38%. This work provides a quantitative method for decision-makers to select the sustainable manufacturing process when producing a functional part.

Analysis of the Grey Correlation between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Fujian Province

Based on the data of energy consumption and economic growth in Fujian Province from 2007 to 2018, the correlation degree between energy consumption and economic growth is studied by using grey correlation analysis. The results show that the the gross domestic product (GDP) of Fujian Province is significantly correlated with the energy consumption products. The correlation degree is greater than 0.7. The order of the correlation degree is oil, coal, hydropower, wind power nuclear power and natural gas. The correlation is significant between the total amount of energy consumption and the value added of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Fujian Province. The correlation degree is more than 0.6, indicating that the economic growth of Fujian Province is more dependent on energy consumption. Fujian Province should optimize its energy structure, vigorously develop clean energy and realize the development strategy of low-carbon economy.

Thoughts and Countermeasures on Promoting Energy Revolution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei coordinated development is a major national strategy of China. This study first analyzes the evolution process of energy production, consumption, and structure proportion in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, indicating that the overall energy supply in this region is less than consumption; although the region is rich in renewable energy resources, its energy consumption is mainly fossil energies and the overall energy efficiency requires further improvement. Since the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei coordinated development strategy was proposed six years ago, the ecological environment in this region has continuously improved, but the situation remains grim. As energy is the power source and blood of economic and social development and it is also closely related to the environment, the promotion of energy revolution becomes imperative. To promote energy revolution within the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, energy efficiency should be further improved to control the total amount of energy consumption; the energy supply structure should be optimized to provide a solid material foundation for the coordinated development; the energy technology revolution should be promoted to create a new driving force for economic growth; the existing energy system should be revolutionized to improve the market environment for economic and social development; and the rural energy revolution should be accelerated to strengthen the prevention of point source pollution in rural areas.

From serendipity to sustainable green IoT: Technical, industrial and political perspective

Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the largest electronics market for hardware production due to its fast evolving application space. However, one of the key challenges for IoT hardware is the energy efficiency as most of IoT devices/objects are expected to run on batteries for months/years without a battery replacement or on harvested energy sources. Widespread use of IoT has also led to a large-scale rise in the carbon footprint. In this regard, academia, industry and policy-makers are constantly working towards new energy-efficient hardware and software solutions paving the way for an emerging area referred to as green-IoT. With the direct integration and the evolution of smart communication between physical world and computer-based systems, IoT devices are also expected to reduce the total amount of energy consumption for the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector. However, in order to increase its chance of success and to help at reducing the overall energy consumption and carbon emissions a comprehensive investigation into how to achieve green-IoT is required. In this context, this paper surveys the green perspective of the IoT paradigm and aims to contribute at establishing a global approach for green-IoT environments. A comprehensive approach is presented that focuses not only on the specific solutions but also on the interaction among them, and highlights the precautions/decisions the policy makers need to take. On one side, the ongoing European projects and standardization efforts as well as industry and academia based solutions are presented and on the other side, the challenges, open issues, lessons learned and the role of policymakers towards green-IoT are discussed. The survey shows that due to many existing open issues (e.g., technical considerations, lack of standardization, security and privacy, governance and legislation, etc.) that still need to be addressed, a realistic implementation of a sustainable green-IoT environment that could be universally accepted and deployed, is still missing.

Analysis of the Environmental Sustainability of a Megacity through a Cobenefits Indicator System—The Case of Shanghai

Based on the synergistic control of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, a co-benefits indicator system was established to evaluate the co-benefits of city policies for megacities with regard to energy conservation and environmental sustainability. Shanghai was chosen as a typical case study, owing to its relatively high level of progress in terms of urbanization and its complex economic, social, and ecological development problems. In this indicator system, 23 indicators were screened, based on the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework. Economic, social, and ecological development data for Shanghai from 2005 to 2018 were collected and analyzed using an entropy method. This was followed by the application of a weighted average method to determine the indicator weights and co-benefits index (CBI) for Shanghai. The results yield variations in the weights of the indexes. The weight of the tertiary industry production proportion in the GDP was the highest, owing to the government promotional policies, whereas the weight of the annual average temperature was the smallest, as global warming only becomes significant when the time span is much longer. In such a short time span (i.e., 14years), the change in the annual average temperature is relatively insignificant. The Co-benefit Index also varied over time; it showed a growing trend over the 14 years, increasing from 0.375 in 2005 to 1.365 in 2018, i.e., a 264% increase. This indicates that the efforts taken in Shanghai and their effects were positive, overall. Four suggestions were proposed, based on the results of the analysis: a) control the amount of total energy consumption and change the energy structure to reduce carbon and air pollution emissions; b) adjust the structure of industry, especially by increasing the proportion of tertiary industries; c) increase investments in environmental protection; and d) cooperate with regional partners to limit the occurrence of acid rain. The applicability of this approach and research prospects are also discussed.

Dynamic simulation of a solar desiccant cooling system combined with a ground source heat exchanger in humid climates

Buildings share a large amount of total energy consumption in the world, particularly in humid regions, where due to the total consumed energy and environmental issues, desiccant cooling systems have been proposed as an alternative to conventional vapor compression refrigeration systems. The present research investigated the dynamic operation of a solar desiccant cooling system coupled with a ground source heat exchanger (GSHE). Solar energy and GSHE were used as a heat source for regenerating the desiccant and a pre-cooling component, respectively. Simulations were conducted in hot-humid and moderate-humid climates. In hot-humid regions, the aim was to investigate the system operation, while the required regeneration temperatures were controlled to be below a maximum value. In moderate-humid regions, the objective was to regenerate the desiccant wheel entirely by solar energy. The effect of GSHE was evaluated on the provided thermal comfort. Moreover, the impact of desiccant wheel performance and the maximum regeneration temperature was assessed on the dehumidification of the desiccant wheel, system COP, established thermal comfort, and the solar fraction (SF). Results reveal that GSHE dramatically increased the achieved thermal comfort in both climatic conditions. Reduction in the desiccant wheel performance reduced the system COP and provided thermal comfort and daily-averaged SF. The decline in the maximum regeneration temperature decreased the established thermal comfort, but increased the system COP and daily-averaged SF.

Experimental investigation and energy analysis of a solar-assisted fluidized-bed dryer including solar water heater and solar-powered infrared lamp for paddy grains drying

During drying process of paddy grains, as one of the major operations of rice milling process, a considerable amount of fossil fuel is consumed. The air pollutants emitted by combustion of fossil fuels are great threat to human health which strongly contribute to environmental problems. In the present study, to reduce the share of fossil fuels in drying process of paddy grains, a new type solar-assisted fluidized-bed dryer was used with the ability of thermal energy recovery. The drying system mainly consisted of a solar water heater, a solar-powered infrared lamp, a gas water heater, and a desiccant wheel. Two general conditions were considered for conducting the experiments: Natural gas drying (NGD), and Solar-assisted drying (SAD). The results of evaluations showed that the highest total energy consumption of the dryer was equal to 1.163 kWh which was obtained in NGD test mode, while the lowest amount of total energy consumption was obtained in SAD mode which was 0.314 kWh. The specific energy consumption of the drying system in SAD and NGD modes was in the range of 8.30–22.12 and 16.73–32.62 kWh/kg water evaporated, respectively. The highest value of solar fraction index was equal to 0.538 which was obtained at drying air temperature of 45 °C, drying air velocity of 8 m/s, while the lowest solar fraction value (0.179) was attributed to drying air temperature of 35 °C and air velocity of 7 m/s. Although applying the infrared lamp caused the solar energy fraction to increase to 0.741, however, the use of infrared lamp in the fluidizing chamber did not have a significant effect on the dehydration rate of the product. At two levels of the applied drying temperatures (35 °C and 45 °C), the required thermal energy during the drying process was completely supplied only by solar energy and without the need for fossil fuel.

A Novel Nonintrusive Load Monitoring Approach based on Linear-Chain Conditional Random Fields

In a real interactive service system, a smart meter can only read the total amount of energy consumption rather than analyze the internal load components for users. Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM), as a vital part of smart power utilization techniques, can provide load disaggregation information, which can be further used for optimal energy use. In our paper, we introduce a new method called linear-chain conditional random fields (CRFs) for NILM and combine two promising features: current signals and real power measurements. The proposed method relaxes the independent assumption and avoids the label bias problem. Case studies on two open datasets showed that the proposed method can efficiently identify multistate appliances and detect appliances that are not easily identified by other models.

Building life cycle analysis toward low carbon emission and energy efficiency

The Malaysian construction industry contributes as an empowerment to the Malaysian economic sector. Even though, the building and construction industry are the key sector for country development, but still they are among the biggest threat to the environment in form of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. The problem of massive emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fossil fuels and their climatic impact has become major scientific and political issues. Buildings construction consume huge amount of natural resources and emitted million tons of carbon emission. In fact, Malaysia is one of the top 30 countries for carbon emission in the world. The energy demand in Malaysia has increased dramatically for the last few years. Commercial sector is also responsible for a great amount of CO2 emissions from the energy consumptions. Therefore, one way of reducing energy consumption could be facilitated to the reduction of CO2 emissions in this sector. Actions need to be taken in order to promote sustainable buildings in terms of carbon emission and energy consumption which can lead to significant energy saving in the built environment. Using appropriate thermal insulation can reduce and causes a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by reducing energy consumption. This paper presents an absolute estimation and quantification of embodied and operational carbon emission and investigates the total amount of energy consumption. Results shows that after implementation of sustainable solutions in the case study, operational energy consumption and carbon emission were reduced to a grate extend.

Analysis of the Efficiency-Energy with Regression and Classification in Household Using K-NN

This paper aims to study energy consumption in a house. Home energy man-agement system (HEMS) has become very important, because energy consumption of a residential sector accounts for a significant amount of total energy consumption. However, a conventional HEMS has some architectural limitations among dimensional variables reusability and interoperability. Furthermore, the cost of implementation in HEMS is very expensive, which leads to the disturbance of the spread of a HEMS. Therefore, this study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) based HEMS with lightweight photovoltaic (PV) system over dynamic home area networks (DHANs), which enables the construction of a HEMS to be scalable reusable and interoperable. The study suggests a technique for decreasing cost of energy that HEMS is using and various perspectives in system. The method that proposed is K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbor) which helps us to analyze the classification and regression datasets. This paper has the result from the data relevant in October 2018 from some buildings of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology.

Adoption of Green Building Practice in Commercial Properties in Lagos, Nigeria

Buildings account for a sizeable amount of total energy consumption and total greenhouse gas emissions around the world. Green building has consequently emerged as innovative building concept to lessen the environmental impact of these buildings. This survey-based study therefore, evaluates stakeholder's perception of possible adoption of green building practices and application in commercial properties in Lagos, Nigeria. The survey was conducted in Lagos, using a random and purposive sampling technique with a well-structured questionnaire to gather data from175 respondent comprising 52 property developers and 123Registered Estate Surveyors and Valuers. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS. The result of the findings revealed that respondents have a low level awareness of green building in general. The study further reveal that green features that would be mostly adopted by stakeholders include: careful orientation and low-energy lighting design, the use of renewable energy e.g maximum use of natural day lightening and the use of energy efficient and eco-friendly equipment. The study advocated for increased sensitization of benefits of green building among built environment practitioner. By so doing it will deepen the adoption of green building practice in the study area. The study recommends widespread supply of green features in commercial properties. Also Professional bodies should train and educate their members on the importance of green so as to incorporate the lofty practice in their daily practices. Overall, public enlightenment, awareness, and better enabling green building practice can be improved in Nigeria.

Life Cycle Analysis of Operational Energy in Office Projects Toward Sustainability Practices in the Malaysian Construction Industry

Global warming mitigation is used as a requisite key to promote approaches and sustainable policies in developing countries that aim to minimize the level of carbon emission in built environment. In the past few years, energy demand has grown enormously in Malaysia. CO2 emission from energy consumption, mainly from electricity is a stark condemnation of commercial sector. Building operational energy particularly the thermal aspect, is the dominant factor that used to be highlighted and investigated due to the fact that it is the main proportion of operational energy consumption in buildings. The rate of energy dissipation in building components depends on design and environmental conditions. Accordingly, actions need to be taken in order to promote the quality of buildings in terms of heat exchanges, which can lead to a significant energy saving. Using of appropriate thermal insulation is effective way to diminish greenhouse gas emissions by reducing energy consumption. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate and determine the total amount of energy consumption from an office building. For reliability purposes, energy consumption from operation of baseline building was compared with the eco-friendly existing office building. Results show that, after implementation of sustainable solutions in the case study, operational energy consumption was successfully reduced to a grate extend.

Public preferences for district heating system over individual heating system: a view from national energy efficiency

The price of residential heating from the district heating system is similar to that from the individual heating system in Korea. However, the former is known to be more efficient in terms of national energy consumption than the latter in urban areas with high population density. Because district heating system reduces the total amount of energy consumption by 24% compared to individual heating system. This paper attempts to assess the public preferences for substituting consumption of residential heating produced from individual heating system with that produced from district heating system in terms of national energy efficiency. To apply contingent valuation method, a contingent valuation survey of 1000 households was implemented. Public preferences can be provided price gap, which is willingness to pay (WTP) and the findings can be interpreted as external benefits. For the purpose of mitigating the response effect in eliciting their WTP and increasing statistical efficiency in analyzing the WTP data, we employ a one-and-one-half-bounded dichotomous choice question format. Furthermore, we use the spike model so as to model zero WTP responses. The results show that the mean additional WTP for district heating system over individual heating system is estimated to be KRW 8544 per KRW 100,000 of residential heating. The WTP estimate is statistically significant at the 1% level. Thus, the external benefit of the district heating system over individual heating system in terms of national energy efficiency amounts to about 8.5% of the price for residential heating.

Modeling of WSN Energy Consumption Supplied by iPV Microsystem

Current researches on wireless sensor networks (WSN) are focusing on reducing the total amount of energy consumption and extending the network lifetime. WSN have many application fields like industry, health care, commercial and residential applications. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate, using MATLAB/Simulink simulations, the average amount of energy consumed in a WSN based on a clustering topology; to predict the optimal number of clusters in order to optimize the energy and also to study the cloud integration effects on lifetime and energy time dependency. The clustering topology is based on defining K clusters with N/k nodes, each node transmits data to the cluster head which will collect data from all of its own nodes, compute it and send it to the base station (BS). In our simulation, we have focused on many principal metrics in WSN such as optimal number of clusters, duty cycle, lifetime and distance to BS. Finally we have studied the effect of integrating cloud into classic WSN, the effect in terms of energy consumption and sensor node lifetime.