Total Aggression Scores Research Articles

Aggression and the Big Five Personality Traits in Persons with Substance Use Disorder in Kano, Nigeria

Abstract Background/Objectives: Studies have reported heightened level of aggression among persons with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, whether aggression is related with big five personality traits in persons with SUDs in Nigeria has not been previously studied. The objectives of the study were to: (i) compare the level of aggression between persons with SUDs and normal controls; (ii) compare personality traits between persons with SUDs and normal controls; and (iii) determine the correlation between aggression and personality traits. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five participants (35 = SUD, 40 = controls) receiving treatment at a rehabilitation center and normal controls participated in the study. Aggression was assessed using The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire while personality traits were assessed using the revised NEO-PI personality inventory. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27 years (18–46 years). Persons with SUDs had significantly higher physical aggression (P = 0.001), verbal aggression (P = 0.013), hostility (P = 0.049), and total aggression scores (P = 0.001). Similarly, persons with SUDs had higher score in neuroticism (P = 0.001) but lower scores in conscientiousness (P < 0.001) and agreeable (P = 0.006). Among persons with SUDs, physical aggression was positively correlated with extraversion (P = 0.01), verbal aggression was negatively correlated with conscientiousness (P = 0.05), anger was negatively correlated with openness (P = 0.01) while hostility was positively correlated with neuroticism (P = 0.05) but negatively correlated with conscientiousness. Conclusion: SUDs are associated with heightened level of aggression, neuroticism, and lower conscientiousness and agreeableness. Evaluation of personality traits should form an integral part of risk stratification of persons at risk of SUDs.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF OBSESSIONS AND COMPULSIONS WITH AGGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder that is frequently encountered in the clinic and affects the functionality of patients significantly. Patients with higher levels of aggression have lower treatment compliance and recovery rates for their current mental illnesses. In our study, the relationships between OCD and its subtypes and aggression were examined. A total of 87 patients with OCD were included in the study. Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) were applied to the patients. In this study, the relationship between Obsession subtypes and aggression total and subtypes was evaluated. Hostility (p=0.004), anger (p=0.034), verbal aggression (p=0.002) and total aggression scores (p=0.017) were significantly higher in patients with aggression obsessions. Hostility (p=0.021) and aggression total scores (p=0.043) were significantly higher in patients with contamination obsession. Anger total scores of patients with hoarding obsessions (p=0.025) and symmetry obsessions (p=0.023) were found to be significantly higher. Anger levels of patients with counting compulsions (p= 0.038) were significantly higher. Anger levels (p= 0.047) and verbal aggression levels (p= 0.018) were significantly higher in patients with hoarding compulsion. A positive and significant correlation was found between the levels of total obsession score and total aggression scores (p=0.038 r= 0.222). However there was no significant correlation between the total compulsion score and the total aggression score.

Aggression management of criminal offenders in prison setting

IntroductionA new approach of social therapy for criminal offenders was applied in Penalty Facility in Niš, Serbia. It is based on three month peer-training focusing on recognizing of triggers for anger, understanding emotional manifestation and learning socially acceptable ways of anger expression.ObjectivesTo estimate how the impact of pear-based training influences the level of agression of criminal offenders in prison settings.MethodsOne hander and six prisoners were randomly assigned to program. The six previously educated inmates trained the participants through 12 work-shops. An independent professional evaluated change in aggression levels after training using Buss&Perry Aggression Scale. We compared subgroups with shorter versus longer sentences pre and post training using Student’s t test. And univariate logistic regression analysis for impacts of sociodemographic variables on aggression scores.ResultsWe found a significant higher scores of anger (6.6 ± 4.7 & 11.8 ± 4.2, p=0,043) hostility (15.5 ± 8 & 20.1 ± 6.5, p=0,029) and total aggression (32 ± 14 & 48 ± 21, p=0,023 in subgroup with longer sentences at baseline. After training anger (12.4 ± 4.8 & 15.5 ± 5.6, p= 0,0167), physical aggression (14.6 ± 51. & 17.2 ± 5.6 ,p=0,024) and total aggression score (55.5 ± 14.1 & 68.2 ± 18, p=0,0152) remained higher in the group with sentences more than five years. Lower education level is associated with undesirable outcome-higher level of aggression after training.ConclusionsThree months training was not sufficient for adopting skills for better control of aggressive behavior in criminal offenders never the less the length of the sentences.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Aggression in Skydivers: An Examination of Gender and Experience

The present study examined gender and aggression in novice and experienced skydivers. One hundred recreational skydivers were recruited from a skydiving club in the Northeastern United States that currently held a USPA “B License,” which requires at least 50 jumps to obtain. Skydiving experience was operationally defined as having completed 350 or more jumps. Participants completed an aggression inventory and a demographic questionnaire. Both experienced and novice female skydivers reported higher physical and total aggression scores compared to novice and experienced male skydivers. Experienced female skydivers reported higher anger scores compared to the other three groups. No significant differences were found on measures of verbal aggression or hostility. The total number of jumps and participant age were unrelated to any measure of aggression.

In Vivo Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Availability and Its Relationship with Aggression Traits in Healthy Individuals: A Positron Emission Tomography Study with C-11 MDL100907.

Serotonergic neurotransmission has been associated with aggression in several psychiatric disorders. Human aggression is a continuum of traits, ranging from normal to pathological phenomena. However, the individual differences in serotonergic neurotransmission and their relationships with aggression traits in healthy individuals remain unclear. In this study, we explored the relationship between 5-HT2A receptor availability in vivo and aggression traits in healthy participants. Thirty-three healthy participants underwent 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]MDL100907, a selective radioligand for 5-HT2A receptors. To quantify 5-HT2A receptor availability, the binding potential (BPND) was derived using the basis function implementation of the simplified reference tissue model, with the cerebellum as the reference region. The participants' aggression levels were assessed using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. The voxel-based correlation analysis with age and sex as covariates revealed that the total aggression score was significantly positively correlated with [11C]MDL100907 BPND in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) pole, left fusiform gyrus (FUSI), right parahippocampal gyrus, and right hippocampus. The physical aggression subscale score had significant positive correlations with [11C]MDL100907 BPND in the left olfactory cortex, left orbital superior frontal gyrus (SFG), right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, left orbitomedial SFG, left gyrus rectus, left MTG, left inferior temporal gyrus, and left angular gyrus. The verbal aggression subscale score showed significant positive correlations with [11C]MDL100907 BPND in the bilateral SFG, right medial SFG, left FUSI, and right MTG pole. Overall, our findings suggest the possibility of positive correlations between aggression traits and in vivo 5-HT2A receptor availability in healthy individuals. Future research should incorporate multimodal neuroimaging to investigate the downstream effects of 5-HT2A receptor-mediated signaling and integrate molecular and systems-level information in relation to aggression traits.

Investigation of aggression levels of anatolian and vocational high school students

In this study, it is aimed to examine the aggression levels of high school students studying in Anatolian and Vocational High Schools and competing in teams according to some parameters. Aggression scale was applied to 296 students in total. Student-t test, one-way Anova and LSD tests were used to determine the differences in branches. The differences between the aggression scale scores of the students according to gender and age were not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the comparison of aggression levels in Anatolian and Vocational High Schools, there was a significant difference in the assertiveness sub-dimension (p<0.05), while the difference in destructive aggression, passive aggression and total aggression scores was insignificant (p>0.05). The differences in destructive aggression, assertiveness, passive aggression sub-dimensions and total aggression scores were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05 and p<0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that while the aggression status of the students studying in Anatolian and Vocational high schools and doing active sports are similar according to gender and age, it varies according to the school they attend, the income status of their families and the sports branch they compete in. Passive aggression of students with high destructive aggression was also high. It can be suggested to investigate the aggression tendencies of high school students according to their sports background. It may be beneficial to conduct similar studies with students from different socio-demographic regions.

Lower digit length ratio and aggression in adolescents and young adults with boxer's fracture: A case-control study.

Recent evidence shows that a lower second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), which is a sexually dimorphic trait and the indicator of prenatal testosterone exposure, may be associated with aggressive behaviors. In this cross-sectional, case-control study, we investigated: (1) Are the aggression and impulsivity levels and emotional problems higher? (2) Is the 2D:4D ratio lower in adolescents and young adults who presented with a fifth metacarpal neck fracture (boxer's fracture) compared to controls? (3) Is the digit ratio correlated with aggressive measures in individuals with a fifth metacarpal neck fracture?Seventy-one consecutive patients presented with a fifth metacarpal neck fracture within the age range of 11-25 years old comprised the study group. The control group consisted of 71 age and sex-matched subjects without a history of aggression-related injury. The aggression, impulsiveness, and psychosocial well-being were measured by self-reported questionnaires. 2D:4D was measured by conventional radiography. The 2D:4D ratio was similar between groups, however, when the analyses were conducted separately for sex, females in the study group showed lower 2D:4D than females in the control group (p = 0.001). The aggression level of the study group, measured by the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire was higher than the control group (p = 0.014). The impulsiveness scores on the BarrattImpulsiveness Scale-11were similar (p = 0.60) and the total difficulty score on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was higher in the study group (p = 0.009).A lower 2D:4D ratio significantly predicted verbal and total aggression scores (p = 0.036, p = 0.032, respectively). Our findings suggest that females with a history of aggression-related injury have lower 2D:4D, and a lower 2D:4D is correlated with higher aggression levels in both sexes. Understanding and addressing aggression in these patients may help prevent further self-inflicted injuries.

Evaluation of aggression level in adolescent girls with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

In patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), virilization affects the brain and external genitalia due to antenatal androgen exposure. There are few studies on how the effects of androgens on brain virilization are reflected in behavior. However, there is no study focused on the adolescence period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of aggression in adolescent girls with classical CAH (due to 21 hydroxylase and 11β hydroxylase deficiency) and to investigate the disease-related factors that may affect aggression. Twenty female and 20 male patients aged 13-20 years, diagnosed with classical CAH, with 21 hydroxylase deficiency and 11β hydroxylase deficiency, and 20 healthy girls and 20 boys from the same age group were included. The Buss-Perry Aggression Scale (BPAS), which consists of four subgroups measuring physical aggression, verbal aggression, hostility, and angry behaviors, was used. The ages of the male and female patients with CAH were 16.30 ± 2.65 and 16.60 ± 2.41 years, respectively. Total aggression scale scores were 73.3 ± 14.6 in adolescent girls with CAH, 74.1 ± 11.2 in healthy girls, 71.5 ± 14.8 in boys with CAH, and 75.3 ± 14.5 in healthy boys (p > .05). There was no difference between the subscale scores of patients and healthy adolescents. Aggression scores in adolescents with CAH increased significantly with age. In this study, we found no difference between the aggression scores of adolescents with classical CAH compared to their healthy peers. The total aggression score and subscale were similar in unaffected female adolescents.

Rolul structurii familiei în geneza comportamentului agresiv la preadolescenți

In this study we explored the impact of family structure on aggressive behavior at preadolescents. The research sample represent 219 preadolescents: N=61 from single-parent families and N=158 coming from complete families. Following the application of the t-test, the results revealed statistically significant differences against of respondents from single-parent families. Differences appear at the level of the Anger and Hostility subscales, as well as for the total aggression score. For the Anger variable, the difference is ΔM=-0.46 (single parent M=2.847; in the complete family M=2.378), significant for t(217)=-3.333, p=0.001. No statistically significant differences were observed at the level of physical or verbal aggression.

Aggression in schizophrenia, bipolar and major depression disorder

PurposeThe risk of aggression is higher among people with psychiatric disorders. This study aims to determine the association of aggression with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients referred to Shahid Beheshti Teaching Hospital in Kerman.Design/methodology/approachThis was a cross-sectional study of 518 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, BD and MDD who met the inclusion criteria and were compared with a comparison group. All participants completed the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between the score of BPAQ and other variables. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) were completed by MDD, BD and schizophrenia patients, respectively.FindingsThe mean score of total aggression and its components in the comparison group was significantly (P-value = 0.001) lower than that of the other groups. However, no significant difference was observed between the three schizophrenia, MDD and BD groups. The total aggression score of BPAQ had a significant positive correlation with BDI-13 and YMRS and a significant negative correlation with the PANSS score. Single patients with schizophrenia and people in the comparison group with lower education levels had a higher total aggression score.Originality/valueSuffering from BD, MDD and schizophrenia, especially in single patients with a lower education level, is associated with physical and verbal aggression, anger and hostility, which emphasizes the need for periodic examination and screening of aggressive behaviors in these patients.

Effectiveness of anger-focused emotional management training in reducing aggression among nurses.

The aim of this study was to conduct a 5-h training programme on anger-focused emotional management for nurses and verify its effectiveness. The study used a one-group pretest-posttest design. Participants (N=283) attended a programme comprising lectures and exercises. The Japanese version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire was administered pre-, post- and 3-month posttraining. Regression analyses were used to assess the effects of the programme by gender. For the total aggression score, the difference between the pre- and posttraining scores was -2.827 points and remained at -1.602 points 3-month posttraining. Physical aggression scores decreased posttraining, but the scores increased after 3 months. There were statistically significant gender differences in hostility scores; pre-training scores were slightly higher for men than for women and lower for men after 3 months. Total and physical aggression scores were higher for men than for women. The training programme decreased aggression, and the effect persisted after 3 months.

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Background and objectivesAggression is a most common symptom shared by various mental disorders but is often neglected when not associated with overt signs and symptoms of psychiatric illnesses. When in excess aggression can prove destructive and results in social maladjustment. Aggression is considered to be a normal reaction of humans and can be provoked by any type of stressful situation like COVID-19. During COVID-19 Pandemic, and lockdown implemented to curtail the spread of infection, people were restricted to their houses. Prolonged stay at home, financial problems, closure of schools and recreational parks increased frustration in all. The present study was aimed to investigate the levels of aggression and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of healthy adults during times of Pandemic.Material and methodsTo examine the hypothesis, an online survey was conducted during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 Pandemic April to August 2020. A Google form of 65 questions (9 questions asking about socio-demographic variables, 29 questions enquiring about aggression and 27 questions about quality of life) was created with a starting question asking for consent to participate in the survey. The hypothesis of the study was mentioned at the top of the survey page. The inclusion criteria for the participants were age between 18 to 55 years with minimum qualification of high school so that they can easily understand the questionnaire without any history of psychiatric illness or use of psychotropic medication for the same at the time of survey or in past. The Google form was shared on social media to reach the maximum number of participants. After fulfilling the inclusion criteria, the participants filled the questions about sociodemographic variables, the Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire and the WHO-BREF Quality of life questionnaire.Statistical AnalysisThe data were entered in SPSS.21 a software package of a comprehensive system for analysing data. The descriptive statistics, average mean score and standard deviation of different variables have been calculated followed by the t-test and ANOVA to check the significance. The multiple regression analysis was performed to find the correlation across subscales of aggression and quality of life.ResultsA total of 192 healthy adults voluntarily participated in the online survey. The average age of the participants was 32.03±6.09 years. Out of 192, 60.41% (n=116) were males and 39.58% (n=76) were females, 51.56% (n=99) were married and 48.43% (n=93) were unmarried. The majority 85.41% (n=164) of the participants were graduates and postgraduates. The total aggression score was found more in males than females with a mean of 77.78±20.35, 71.0±20.26. The males also scored higher in physical and verbal aggression. Physical aggression was found more in the married group with a Mean±SD of 20.68±8.4. The participants from urban backgrounds scored higher in Anger (20.68±8.4), verbal (15.55±4.7) and total aggression (77.98±20.35) than rural group (18.30±7.1, 13.55±3.8, 71.00±20.26, respectively) and the difference was statistically significant (S=.036, .003, .021, respectively). The psychological quality of life was found less in joint families with a Mean±SD of 19.10±2.9 than nuclear families (20.38±3.0) and the difference was statistically significant (S=.004). the social quality of life was found less in the unmarried group with a Mean±SD of 10.10±1.9. From this study, a positive and significant correlation between subscales of aggression and subscales of quality of life was found. The results also showed a negative and significant correlation between the aggression scale and the quality of life scale.ConclusionAccording to this study, the physical and verbal aggression levels were found to be more prevalent than hostility and anger. It was revealed that as the level of aggression increases, all the subscales of quality of life were negatively affected. More impact was found on psychological and social quality of life which indicates COVID-19 had a direct impact on psychosocial wellbeing of people.

Research on the Effects of the Covid-19 Quarantine Process on the Aggression Levels of University Students

Background: Due to the Covid-19 epidemic, the closure of universities and the transition to distance education in our country as well as all over the world have made university students one of the groups most affected by this process. Aim: The aim of this research is to examine the aggression levels of university students who had to take online learning due to the Covid-19 epidemic in terms of some variables. Methods: The sample of the study consists of a total of 204 students, 130 (63.7%) male and 74 (36.3%) female, who had taken online learning during the Covid-19 epidemic period. In order to collect the data, the personal information form prepared by the researcher and the "Aggression Scale", which is the Turkish version of the scale developed by Buss and Perry in 1992 and updated by Buss and Warren in 2000, are used. In the analysis of the data, frequency and percentage values are taken to examine the personal information distribution of the participants, Skewness-Kurtosis values are examined to determine whether the data showed a normal distribution and it is determined that it shows a normal distribution. Independent Sample T test and One Way ANOVA tests are used to determine the differences between the variables. The significance level is taken as 0.05. Correlation analysis is performed to determine the direction and amount (strength) of the relationship between the sub-dimensions of the scale. Results: According to the findings, it is shown in this research that the university students had normal level of aggression tendency. When the mean scores of the physical aggression, verbal, hostility, anger, and indirect aggression sub-dimensions of the aggression scale are examined, it can be said that the mean scores of the anger sub-dimension are higher than the mean scores of the other sub-dimensions. According to the gender variable; A significant difference was found in favor of males in total aggression scores, physical-verbal aggression and anger sub-dimensions. According to the variable of the field of learning; There were significant differences in total aggression scores, physical-verbal aggression and hostility sub-dimensions. Between the aggression scale sub-dimensions, a moderate and high level of significant correlation was found at the level of 0.01. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the Covid-19 process has no effect on the aggression level of university students. It was observed that as the level of anger and physical aggression of the students who spent the quarantine period at home and received online learning increased with respect to the level of general aggression is also increased. It can be said that during the quarantine period, the fact that students take time for themselves while they are at home and stay away from environmental conditions that will increase their aggression levels causes these results. Keywords: Covid-19, University students, aggression

Increasing aggression during the COVID-19 lockdowns

BackgroundTo combat the spread of COVID-19, many communities implemented restrictions on personal movement, often referred to as “lockdowns.” We hypothesized that continued lockdowns might be associated with increased feelings of aggression.MethodsOver the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) was administered to a total of 5,928 adults distributed proportionally from across the United States during independent online cross-sectional surveys collected each month. Data across the 6-month period were compared between those under lockdown versus those not under such restrictions.ResultsBPAQ Total Aggression scores showed a significant main effect for both month and lockdown status as well as a significant interaction effect, with increasing scores evident for those reporting that they were under lockdown relative to those reporting no restrictions. This same pattern was evident for all four subscales of the BPAQ, including Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Anger, and Hostility.LimitationsRandom sampling of the entire population was not possible, so generalization of the results should be made with caution. Additionally, data were collected cross-sectionally and cannot be considered to reflect longitudinal change within individuals. Finally, the cross-sectional survey design means that it is impossible to infer that the lockdowns caused the increase in aggression.ConclusionsLockdowns were associated with elevated levels of aggression that were higher in later months of the national pandemic response.

Association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and aggression subscales in adolescents.

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to identify the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) proneness and aggressive propensity in adolescents.MethodsA quantitative, large‐scale, cross‐sectional study was performed from April to May 2016 in Korea. The survey questionnaire included overall health behaviors, as well as scales for assessing ADHD proneness (revised short form of the Conners‐Wells Adolescent Self‐Report Scale; CASS[S]) and aggressive behavior (Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire; BPAQ) in adolescents. Area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curves was constructed to determine the cut‐off value of total aggression score for discriminating ADHD proneness.ResultsA total of 2,432 students participated in the survey, and 1,872 of them completed the questionnaire, indicating a response rate of 77.0%. Based on CASS(S), 33 (1.8%) subjects were classified as the ADHD group. AUROC curve analysis showed that a score of 68.5 points had higher sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (69.4%) to discriminate ADHD proneness. ADHD proneness was significantly associated with higher aggression subdomain scores (physical, verbal, anger, and hostility). Especially, anger and hostility had a stronger relationship with ADHD proneness than did physical and verbal aggression. A multivariable analysis demonstrated that ADHD proneness was significantly related to body mass index in the top 10% of the study population, alcohol consumption, gastrointestinal trouble, daytime sleepiness, and total aggression score of 68.5 points or higher. Adolescents who had total aggression scores of 68.5 points or higher showed a 9.8‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3–28.8) higher risk of ADHD compared with those who had scores less than 68.5 points.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that ADHD proneness was significantly associated with aggression propensity. In particular, anger and hostility were more closely associated with ADHD proneness than were other aggression subdomains.

Social adversity, blood lead level, and behavior problems in young US adolescents

Background: To investigate the associations among social adversity, very low blood lead levels (BLL; <2.5 ug/g), and behavioral problems in young adolescents from the Philadelphia community, and explore the mediating/moderating roles of lead exposure among the relationships.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 141 young adolescents aged 11 to 12 years from Philadelphia. BLLs were assessed using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and social adversity was measured using the Social Adversity Index with 18 indicators. Behavior problems, including internalizing and externalizing, were assessed with the self-reported Aggression Questionnaire, the parent-reported Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (CODD), and the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: The mean (SD) BLL was 2.14 (4.98) μg/dL. For externalizing behavior, BLLs were positively associated with physical aggression (r = .247, p < .01), anger (r = .257, p < .01), and total aggression score (r = .178, p < .05) from the Aggression Questionnaire after controlling for gender and ethnicity, as well as the Conduct Disorder subscale (r = .224, p < .01) and total score of Conduct and Defiant disorder (r = .184, p < .05) from the CODD Questionnaire. BLLs partially mediated the social adversity-externalizing behavior relationship, explaining 9.0, 10.1, and 17.7 percent of the effect of social adversity on physical aggression, anger, and total aggression score, respectively. For internalizing behavior, BLLs were positively related to CBCL traumatic stress (r = .179, p < .05). Social adversity moderated the lead-behavior relationship, explaining 11.1 percent of the effect of BLLs on children’s affective problems. Conclusion: Social adversity is implicated in the relationship between BLLs and behavior problems, which highlights the importance of social determinants of health. As such, early mitigation of adverse social indicators and close monitoring of BLLs may help reduce the likelihood of externalizing behavioral problems, a risk factor for future violence.

What are the factors that contribute to aggression in patients with co-occurring antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse?

Background A significant number of individuals with high levels of aggression have substance use disorder problems. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substance use disorder on aggression in young men with Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Methods This cross-sectional study included 328 patients and were diagnosed with ASPD with a comorbidity of substance use disorder, along with 111 healthy young male subjects. Results The total aggression scores of the patients with a diagnosis of ASPD were significantly higher than those of the healthy group (p < 0.001). Mean scores of aggression subscale, except for indirect aggression, were higher in patients diagnosed with ASPD (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between aggression scores and total API scores in patients diagnosed with ASPD (p < 0.001). Aggression scores were higher when subjects were using volatile substances compared to other substances (p < 0.05). Aggression scores increased with duration of substance use disorder (p < 0.001). Discussion Substance use disorder should be treated first to mitigate aggression in individuals with ASPD. Patients with severe addiction to volatile substances should be given treatment priority. Further studies are necessary to determine the cause of aggression in individuals who abuse substances.

Health Behaviors Associated with Aggression in Korean Adolescents: Data from 2 Cross-sectional Studies

Objectives: In this study, we identified the health-related behaviors associated with aggression and examined the trends in both aggression and health-related behaviors among adolescents in the Republic of Korea. Methods: We used 2 cross-sectional samples of adolescents collected from the same geographic region 10 years apart. We measured aggression using the Aggression Questionnaire. Subject characteristics of the questionnaire included age, sex, caffeine intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, regular exercise, use of medications, and unstable mood. Results: Data pertaining to 1316 and 894 students were extracted from 2006 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Based on the multivariate results, sex and smoking were associated with physical aggression in both surveys, whereas sex and unstable mood were linked to verbal aggression. Alcohol consumption, unstable mood, and use of pain medications were related to anger; indigestion and unstable mood were associated with hostility in both years. The total aggression score was significantly related to alcohol consumption and unstable mood in both years after adjusting for other confounders. Conclusions: Health-related behaviors such as alcohol consumption and unstable mood showed meaningful relations with aggression. Accordingly, we should increase public awareness of factors associated with aggression, and government agencies and schools should implement comprehensive prevention efforts.

Rejection Sensitivity, Self-Compassion, and Aggressive Behavior: The Role of Borderline Features as a Mediator.

This study used mediation analyses to examine the assumption that the presence of borderline personality features mediates the relationship between rejection sensitivity (RS), self-compassion, and aggressive behavior. Sixty adults consisting of 31 participants diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and 29 participants with no diagnosis of borderline personality disorder were assessed for RS, self-compassion, aggressive behavior, and borderline personality features. Mediation was found for the total aggression score, anger score, and hostility score regarding both self-compassion and RS. Mediation was also found regarding RS and verbal and physical aggression, and regarding self-compassion and verbal and physical aggression. These findings provide evidence that the presence of borderline personality features is an important factor in explaining the associations linking RS and self-compassion to aggressive behavior. High RS and low self-compassion are associated with greater borderline personality features, which in turn relate to increased aggressive behavior.

Psychiatric diagnosis, gender, aggression, and mode of attempt in patients with single versus repeated suicide attempts

There is evidence that patients with multiple suicide attempts in their history are at greater risk to repeat attempt and eventually die by suicide compared to those with a single attempt. This cross–sectional study aimed to explore possible differences in clinical characteristics between patients with a single attempt and patients with repeated attempts. Two hundred thirty one patients hospitalised in psychiatric department after suicide attempt were studied. Comparisons were made in relation to age, gender, psychiatric diagnosis, aggression, depression severity, suicide intent and mode of attempt. Highest frequencies of patients with repeated attempts were found for bipolar disorder (69%) and lowest for adjustment/personality disorders (39%). In patients with repeated attempts, female gender was associated with non-violent attempt mode. Depressive symptomatology was higher in patients with repeated attempts among females. In patients with depression those with repeated attempts were younger than patients with single attempt. In patients with mood disorders, total aggression and hostility scores were higher in females with repeated attempts but not in males. Psychiatric diagnosis, gender and attempt mode are features that differentiate patients with single and repeated attempts and should be considered to identify patients at increased risk to repeat attempt and design effective prevention interventions.