Torque Measurements Research Articles

Experimental Investigation on Churning Power Loss of Splash Lubricated Worm Gear

Churning power losses are a complex phenomenon that produces critical power losses when considering the splash lubrication of gear units. This article describes the method to investigate the churning power loss in a worm gearbox. A particular test rig was designed and fabricated to experiment on single start worm gear incompletely submerged in an oil bath. The direct torque measurement technique was used to determine the churning power losses. Experiments have been conducted to determine the impact of a variety of operating conditions on churning power losses, including worm speeds, gear immersion depth, lubricant temperatures, and lubricant type (mineral and synthetic). It was found that the churning losses were significantly affected by the worm shaft orientation, speed of gear, and the depth of immersion (static head). The lubricant's temperature is more essential than the type of lubricant in terms of churning power loss.

Flow Field Investigations of Two‐Stage Stirrer Configurations Combining Axially and Radially Conveying Turbines

AbstractIn this study, the flow fields of two‐stage impellers, consisting of combinations of different impeller types on one shaft, are investigated using stereo particle image velocimetry. Based on the results of torque measurements, diameters for different impellers are determined in order to achieve matching power input of the individual turbines. When implemented adequately, both selected impellers are able to contribute their respective characteristics, resulting in flow fields that differ significantly from those induced by single‐stage impellers as well as two‐stage setups consisting of identical impellers.

Development and validation of a portable articulated dynamometry system to assess knee extensor muscle strength

Muscle strength assessment is important in predicting clinical and functional outcomes in many disorders. Manual muscle testing, although commonly used, offers suboptimal accuracy and reliability. Isokinetic dynamometers (IKDs) have excellent accuracy and reliability; but are bulky and expensive, offering limited accessibility. This study aimed to design a portable dynamometer that is accessible, accurate and reliable, and to validate the device in a general population. The portable articulated dynamometry system (PADS) is a portable device with an embedded high-precision load cell, designed to measure muscle strength with optimal accuracy. Seventy-two participants underwent maximal isometric and isokinetic knee extensor torque measurement with the PADS and IKD, respectively. The PADS results were cross-validated against IKD results using change in mean (CIM). Interrater and intra-rater reliabilities were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change. The PADS maximal knee extensor strength results were not significantly different from those by IKD (CIM: − 2.13 Nm; 95% CI − 4.74, 0.49 Nm). The PADS showed interrater reliability (Pearson’s r: 0.958; ICC: 0.979; SEM: 5.51%) and excellent intra-rater reliability (Pearson’s r: 0.912; ICC: 0.954; SEM: 8.38%). The proposed PADS may be an effective alternative to IKD, offering good accuracy, reliability, and potentially better accessibility.

Unusual crossover from Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer to Bose-Einstein-condensate superconductivity in iron chalcogenides

The BCS-BEC (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer–Bose-Einstein-condensate) crossover from strongly overlapping Cooper pairs to non-overlapping composite bosons in the strong coupling limit has been a long-standing issue of interacting many-body fermion systems. Recently, FeSe semimetal with hole and electron bands emerged as a high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductor located in the BCS-BEC crossover regime, owing to its very small Fermi energies. In FeSe, however, an ordinary BCS-like heat-capacity jump is observed at Tc, posing a fundamental question on the characteristics of the BCS-BEC crossover. Here we report on high-resolution heat capacity, magnetic torque, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements in FeSe1−xSx. Upon entering the tetragonal phase at x > 0.17, where nematic order is suppressed, Tc discontinuously decreases. In this phase, highly non-mean-field behaviours consistent with BEC-like pairing are found in the thermodynamic quantities with giant superconducting fluctuations extending far above Tc, implying the change of pairing nature. Moreover, the pseudogap formation, which is expected in BCS-BEC crossover of single-band superconductors, is not observed in the tunneling spectra. These results illuminate highly unusual features of the superconducting states in the crossover regime with multiband electronic structure and competing electronic instabilities.

Numerical assessment of interstand tensions in continuous hot rolling processes of flat and long products

The paper deals with the calculation of interstand tensions in continuous rolling mills.In the rolling mill industry, continuous measurement and data collection of roll forces, roll torques, temperatures and roll velocities is possible. However, the important process parameter of interstand tensions is not directly measurable and no direct calculation of the interstand tensions is possible. The interstand tensions couple the effects of subsequent roll gaps and should therefore by known for a holistic recalculation of the process. It is straightforward to calculate the effects of the tensions on roll forces, torques and the stock velocity. The inverse problem of calculating the acting interstand tensions including their effects from the process parameters is of greater interest but also of a higher complexity, because the interactions between all the stands in the rolling mill must be regarded. The present paper aims at filling this research gap by presenting a mathematical model to solve the inverse problem by a linearization of the tensions influences in the rolling mill. The present model does not require measured roll forces or torques to find the interstand tensions, only the rotational velocities of the rolls and the rolling parameters (material, temperature, pass schedule or pass design) must be known. Tension-dependent spread is considered by an empirical sub-model. Results are shown for the tension distributions in strip and rod mills. The results indicate that the present friction conditions and the entry size of the rolled stock have a high impact on the tension distributions.

Аналіз впливу похибок вимірювання на абсолютні похибки експериментального визначення ККД вентилятора

The subject of research in this article is the experimental determination of the characteristics of fans of turbofan engines with a high and ultra-high bypass ratio. Increasing the efficiency of fans of engines of the specified class requires solving many complex interrelated problems, one of which is the determination of characteristics based on test results. The goal is to substantiate the need to use a method based on the determination of torque and the formation of requirements for the accuracy of its measurement. Tasks: clarification of previously obtained relationships between measurement errors and accuracy of determination of efficiency and air flow, formation of universal dependencies that allow analysis of absolute errors of determination of efficiency of any fan or compressor based on known measurement errors, analysis of the accuracy of alternative methods of organization of measurements and calculations the specified parameters, a comparative study of the specified methods and the formation of recommendations for their practical use on the example of the characteristics of a real fan. The following results have been obtained: the formulas that relate the absolute errors of calculating the efficiency and air flow with the absolute errors of the measured parameters (mathematical models of errors) have been clarified, as well as the requirements for the accuracy of the torque measurement necessary to determine the efficiency with the specified accuracy have been specified. The scientific and practical novelty of the results obtained is as follows: the mathematical models of errors in determining the efficiency and air flow in the fan have been clarified, which connect the errors of the calculation results with the errors of the measured parameters, because of the use of these models, experimental methods of determining the characteristics of compressors and fans have been developed; for the first time, the distribution of errors in the entire area of determining the characteristics of a specific fan was analyzed in detail. It is shown that the errors in determining the efficiency of the fan depend significantly on the degree of pressure increase and air flow. At small values of these parameters, the errors increase significantly. In the area of low engine operating modes (close to the area of the low air consumption), the errors in determining the efficiency based on the processing of the measurement results are so large that a reliable determination of the efficiency becomes practically impossible without the involvement of additional information, which can be used as the calculated characteristics of the fan, and as well as the mathematical model of the engine and the results of measuring parameters of the work process in other nodes, except for the fan itself.

Determination of Relationships between Symmetry-Based, Performance-Based, and Functional Outcome Measures in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Due to the high heterogeneity in outcome measures after total hip arthroplasty (THA), the prospective observational study investigated the relationships between symmetry-based (SBMs), performance-based (PBMs), and functional outcome measures in THA patients to determine necessary or redundant categories of tests. The study material consisted of 24 patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis scheduled for THA. The patients were examined one day before surgery and consecutively on the 4th day, 9th day, and 10th week postoperatively using the SBMs (weight-bearing chair-rising test, measurements of the maximal isometric torque of the quadriceps muscle); the PBMs (10-m walk, timed up-and-go, and stair-climbing tests); and the functional outcome measure (Harris Hip Score). The results obtained in a given category of tests at different time points were compared, and the correlations between the tests were determined. The reliability of the outcome measures was determined. The results of tests in the studied categories statistically significantly (p < 0.05) improved at the 10th week postoperatively compared to preoperative results. No strong correlations were revealed between the three studied types of outcome measures in THA patients. Therefore, none of them can be considered redundant. It also means that the relevance of symmetry for a core measurement set to describe the domain function in THA patients must be further clarified.

End-point determination of heterogeneous formulations using inline torque measurements for a high-shear wet granulation process

In this study, the torque profiles of heterogeneous granulation formulations with varying powder properties in terms of particle size, solubility, deformability, and wettability, were studied, and the feasibility of identifying the end-point of the granulation process for each formulation based on the torque profiles was evaluated. Dynamic median particle size (d50) and porosity were correlated to the torque measurements to understand the relationship between torque and granule properties, and to validate distinction between different granulation stages based on the torque profiles made in previous studies. Generally, the torque curves obtained from the different granulation runs in this experimental design could be categorized into two different types of torque profiles. The primary factor influencing the likelihood of producing each profile was the binder type used in the formulation. A lower viscosity, higher solubility binder resulted in a type 1 profile. Other contributing factors that affected the torque profiles include API type and impeller speed. Material properties such as the deformability and solubility of the blend formulation and the binder were identified as important factors affecting both granule growth and the type of torque profiles observed. By correlating dynamic granule properties with torque values, it was possible to determine the granulation end-point based on a pre-determined target median particle size (d50) range which corresponded to specific markers identified in the torque profiles. In type 1 torque profiles, the end-point markers corresponded to the plateau phase, whereas in type 2 torque profiles the markers were indicated by the inflection point where the slope gradient changes. Additionally, we proposed an alternative method of identification by using the first derivative of the torque values, which facilitates an easier identification of the system approaching the end-point. Overall, this study identified the effects of different variations in formulation parameters on torque profiles and granule properties and implemented an improved method of identification of granulation end-point that is not dependent on the different types of torque profiles observed.

Experimental investigation of a Wells turbine under dynamic stall conditions for wave energy conversion

Marine energy still plays a marginal role in the current global energy scenario, despite the incessant effort by research for more than thirty years in the exploitation of the so-called blue energy. Among the wide range of marine technologies, wave energy harvesting can play a significant role in view of its potential and Oscillating Water Column (OWC) systems, coupled with Wells turbines, can be considered among the most mature wave energy technology. Due to the oscillating nature of the flow rate in this kind of applications, Wells turbines are affected by dynamic stall, which has significant effects in terms of performance, fatigue, noise and structural integrity of the turbine.Actually, during dynamic stall, the Wells turbine experiences evident high frequency torque fluctuations which overlay on the typical hysteresis loop, mainly during flow deceleration. The amplitudes of these fluctuations are damped as the flow rate decreases toward reattachment. Often these fluctuations are not evident because hysteresis loops are usually provided with phase-averaged data, which can significantly smoothen or even conceal them. Indeed, it is difficult to find in the literature high frequency torque measurements able to show these fluctuations. With the aim to better investigate how the stall triggers this phenomenon, a monoplane Wells turbine has been manufactured in 3D printing and tested in the open wind tunnel of the Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy. The interest of the experimental campaign has been mainly focused on the effects of main parameters of the oscillating inlet flow rate (mean flow rate, amplitude and period of the oscillations, modifying the controlling parameters of the inverter driving the squirrel cage blower) on the performance of the machine. The machine has been firstly investigated under steady state inlet flow conditions, then under dynamic stall conditions. As a result, unsteady torque fluctuations occur during the flow deceleration till the flow reattachment. After the stall, the investigated Wells turbine experiences a drastic reduction of the torque coefficient of about 90%. Moreover, the torque coefficient shows a number of peaks during deceleration phases ranging from 2 to 4. Specifically, the case with the maximum period of the flow rate under investigation (i.e., T = 20 s) shows a greater number of peaks (4) than those related to the other cases (3). Moreover, it has been found that this unsteady behavior is due neither to the mass flow rate crossing the turbine, nor to the stagnation pressure drop, nor to the rotational speed control, which is correctly performed keeping the rotational speed within 1% of the target value. Hence, detecting these oscillations can be relevant in the turbine design phase to enhance the structural strength of the turbine.

Determining the Efficiency of Small-Scale Propellers via Slipstream Monitoring

A large part of small-sized UAVs that are used for surface scanning, video- and photography, or other similar applications are of the multirotor type. These small aircraft perform mainly in hovering or nearly hovering flight mode, and the endurance of these vehicles depends greatly on the efficiency of their motors and the aerodynamic efficiency of their thrust-generating systems, including propellers, ducted fans, etc. Propellers may therefore work in different regimes: in a regime where the propeller performs work to move the vehicle through the air, and the static or hovering regime, in which standing air is accelerated. In both cases, the concept of efficiency can be used to describe the propeller’s performance. There have been several previous studies on static and advancing propellers’ performances. In these studies, when determining the efficiency of a static propeller, the thrust and power coefficients are most commonly compared to evaluate the propeller’s performance. Sometimes, the inducted velocities are calculated via the momentum theory. As small-scale propellers work on very low Reynolds (Re) numbers below 500,000, the flow type transition and boundary layer separation make it very hard to predict the actual efficiency of the propellers in static mode. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to introduce a method to determine the static efficiency of small-scale propellers directly and empirically via a comparison between the output and input power, wherein the output power is determined via the measured thrust and mean induced velocity. The used method combines thrust, torque, and angular velocity measurements with slipstream monitoring. The performed tests showed a decrease in efficiency, with the Re number rising in spite of the rising values of the thrust coefficient. This study led to two main conclusions: thrust and power coefficients are not always the key parameters to determine the efficiency of a propeller; the role of the Re number in the propeller’s efficiency is not yet clear and requires further investigation. The presence of Re number effects has been proven in numerous works, but the impact of those effects seems to not be as trivial as the claim that the lower the Re number, the weaker the propeller’s performance.

Determining primary stability for adhesively stabilized dental implants

ObjectivesTo examine factors influencing the primary stability of dental implants when stabilized in over-sized osteotomies using a calcium phosphate-based adhesive cement was the objective.MethodsUsing implant removal torque measurements as a surrogate for primary stability, we examined the influence of implant design features (diameter, surface area, and thread design), along with cement gap size and curing time, on the resulting primary implant stability.ResultsRemoval torque values scaled with implant surface area and increasing implant diameters. Cement gap size did not alter the median removal torque values; however, larger gaps were associated with an increased spread of the measured values. Among the removal torque values measured, all were found to be above 32 Ncm which is an insertion torque threshold value commonly recommended for immediate loading protocols.ConclusionThe adhesive cement show potential for offering primary implant stability for different dental implant designs. In this study, the primary parameters influencing the measured removal torque values were the implant surface area and diameter. As the liquid cement prevents the use of insertion torque, considering the relationship between insertion and removal torque, removal torque can be considered a reliable surrogate for primary implant stability for bench and pre-clinical settings.Clinical relevanceAt present, the primary stability of dental implants is linked to the quality of the host bone, the drill protocol, and the specific implant design. The adhesive cement might find applications in future clinical settings for enhancing primary stability of implants under circumstances where this cannot be achieved conventionally.

Sensorless torque and power measurement in DC electric drive

Purpose. Determination of the resistance torque and power on the working body of the executive mechanism of the DC electric drive in order to increase the efficiency of the working body by maintaining and stabilizing the flow of mechanical power on the motor shaft at a constant level. the features of the construction and operation of specific technological mechanisms for which it is necessary to determine the torque of resistance and power on the working body of the executive mechanism. The possibilities of sensorless measurement of mechanical parameters of direct current drive systems are investigated. The resistance torque and power on the working body of the executive mechanism of the DC electric drive in order to increase the efficiency of the working body by maintaining and stabilizing the flow of mechanical power on the motor shaft at a constant level are determination. With this approach, the working capacity of the working body increases due to the maintenance and stabilization at a constant level of the flow of mechanical power on the engine shaft. Achieving the maintenance of power at a constant level allows one to implement "soft" mechanical characteristics on the working body of the drive, which under certain conditions allows one to take into account the technological features of work and increase the efficiency of the technological tool. The methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the ideas of modal synthesis of the observing device. According to this technique, an estimate for the state vector of the surveillance system is found. The state assessment was carried out on the basis of information about the input and output values of the system and its structure, which are known a priori. The use of a matrix mathematical apparatus made it possible to find the initial equations describing the dynamic processes in the control object. Findings. On the basis of direct measurements of the operating values of the voltage and current of the DC drive motor, the mechanical parameters of the technological process, such as the mechanical moment of resistance and active power on the working body, are determined, according to which the control system is synthesized and the power flow is stabilized in the working area. The originality. The dynamic parameters of the control system are set, which allow controlling the flow of mechanical power on the working body of the drive engine based on the specified torque of resistance. Practical implementation. The use of a synthesized control system allows you to reliably determine the mechanical parameters of the technological process, stabilize them at an acceptable level, which will increase the efficiency of the working body. Having determined the mechanical parameters of the technological process, it is possible to synthesize a control system with torque and power regulators, which will lead to soft mechanical characteristics.

Magnetic Field Analysis for the Permanent Magnet Spherical Motor With SMC Core

This paper presents a permanent magnet spherical motor (PMSM) with soft magnetic composite (SMC) core. The analytical model of the no-load air-gap magnetic field of the PMSM with SMC core is obtained based on the Laplace equation with the boundary conditions. When the SMC core is added to the stator teeth, a cogging effect occurs, which makes the three-dimensional magnetic circuit of the entire spherical surface uneven. When the spherical motor completes multi-degree-of-freedom motion, the air-gap magnetic field is severely distorted. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes for the first time the method of adding spherical shaped pole shoes to the stator teeth, which perfectly solves the problem of magnetic field distortion in this paper. The air-gap magnetic field distribution is improved by optimizing the structure of the stator tooth pole shoes. Finally, the static torque measurement platform was built to test the rotation energized output torque. The research results of this paper lay a theoretical foundation for the structural optimization design of the PMSM with SMC core.

Multiscale Structural Mechanics of Rotary Shaft Seals: Numerical Studies and Visual Experiments

Although rotary shaft seals have been used successfully in many industrial applications for decades, their tribological behavior is still not completely understood. In-depth knowledge of the structural mechanics is essential for the design and optimization of such sealing systems. High complexity results from the multiscale interactions in the tribological system rotary shaft seal. Large macroscopic deformations occur due to the hyperelastic material behavior of elastomers coupled with microscopic tangential distortions of the sealing edge surface in the contact area. This paper includes both numerical and experimental studies on the tribological behavior of rotary shaft seals. A multiscale finite element model provides the simulation of the macroscopic deformations and the microscopic displacements. A test rig equipped with a hollow glass shaft enables in situ visual contact analyses, qualitative determinations of pressure distributions and quantitative measurements of elastomer surface distortions. The optical phenomenon of frustrated total internal reflection enables qualitative evaluations of the pressure distribution. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is employed to quantify the tangential distortions. The test rig enables the measurement of the friction torque with the same configuration. The results of the numerical and experimental investigations for the radial load, friction torque and tangential distortions are compared and discussed. This serves to validate the simulation methods and the correlation of the measured parameters. This finally results in a solid and validated basis for further tribological investigations of rotary shaft seals.

Anisotropic magnetoresistance and the field-induced anomalous valley inversion in half-Heusler TbPtBi

We have performed detailed magnetic and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) measurements on a magnetic-field-induced topological Weyl semimetal, TbPtBi, exhibiting a weak metamagnetic transition in the antiferromagnetic state. The magnetic torque and temperature-dependent AMR measurements indicate that the spin order dominates the symmetry of AMR curves at temperature below Neel temperature (TN) and low magnetic fields. Remarkably, the AMR with a twofold symmetry gradually dominates the curves as the magnetic fields increase. Moreover, sign change in the AMR effect is confirmed for both T &amp;lt; TN and T &amp;gt; TN at high magnetic fields, which may be related to the magnetic field-induced splitting of the topological band in TbPtBi.

Isokinetic Dynamometer Leg Extensor Peak Torque Measurement: A Time-Delayed Reliability and Score Selection Analysis Study.

The reliability of isokinetic peak torque (PT) has been reported mostly using a short-term (<~10 day) inter-trial testing time frame. However, many studies and programs utilize a long-term (several weeks to months) inter-trial testing period. Additionally, the methods by which the PT value is selected and reported from a multiple rep testing scheme have not been well investigated for both reliability and PT absolute performance comparisons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term reliability of isokinetic and isometric PT of the leg extensors with an emphasis on the differences among several PT score selection methods. Thirteen men and women (age = 19.5 years) underwent two testing trials separated by 28.8 (±1.8) days. Testing included maximal voluntary contractions of three sets of three reps for two isokinetic contraction conditions of 60 (Isok60) and 240 (Isok240) deg/s velocities, and three sets of one rep of isometric contractions for the leg extensors. The PT score was derived from seven different methods (see text for descriptions). Reliability as assessed from intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) varied widely across contraction conditions and PT score selection parameters. The Isok60 velocity overall had lower reliability (ICCs = 0.48-0.81) than Isok240 (0.77-0.87) across the conditions whereas the isometric PT variables showed moderate reliability (0.71-0.73). Overall the set 1 PT score selection parameters were generally lower (p ≤ 0.05) than those that involved sets two and three. Systematic error (p ≤ 0.05) was shown for 6 out of the 17 PT selection variables. On a subjective interpretation basis, when taking everything into account the best overall combination of time/trial efficiency, reliability, best/highest PT score parameter, and reduced risk of systematic bias appears to be the PT variable that uses the average of the highest two reps of the first two sets of three reps-i.e., averaging the highest two values of the six total reps from the first two sets.

Torque Measurement and Control for Electric-Assisted Bike Considering Different External Load Conditions

This paper proposes a novel torque measurement and control technique for cycling-assisted electric bikes (E-bikes) considering various external load conditions. For assisted E-bikes, the electromagnetic torque from the permanent magnet (PM) motor can be controlled to reduce the pedaling torque generated by the human rider. However, the overall cycling torque is affected by external loads, including the cyclist’s weight, wind resistance, rolling resistance, and the road slope. With knowledge of these external loads, the motor torque can be adaptively controlled for these riding conditions. In this paper, key E-bike riding parameters are analyzed to find a suitable assisted motor torque. Four different motor torque control methods are proposed to improve the E-bike’s dynamic response with minimal variation in acceleration. It is concluded that the wheel acceleration is important to determine the E-bike’s synergetic torque performance. A comprehensive E-bike simulation environment is developed with MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate these adaptive torque control methods. In this paper, an integrated E-bike sensor hardware system is built to verify the proposed adaptive torque control.

Blade pressure loading and torque measurement in a transonic linear cascade

Experimental results of a transonic compressor blade pressure loadings and blade shaft torque measurements are presented in this paper. Data were acquired for the cascade middle blade being set to a number of incidence angle offsets to simulate phases of a blade flutter oscillatory motion. This paper should be viewed as a progress report on the ongoing larger research effort on blade flutter in transonic flow regimes.

Self-Spin Enabled Docking and Detaching of a UAV-UGV System for Aerial-Terrestrial Amphibious and Independent Locomotion

As an amphibious system, aerial-terrestrial vehicles have demonstrated remarkable environmental adaptability. In order to expand their synergistic advantages, in this paper, an Aerial-Terrestrial vehicle consisting of a pair of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) is proposed, which is capable of performing UAV-UGV autonomous docking and detaching. Under the docking modality, the proposed vehicle can perform amphibious locomotion to adapt to rugged terrains. Under the detaching mode, the distributed UAV and UGV subsystems gain enhanced accessibility to the confined space and can share both air and land information, which is promising to accomplish collaborative missions. In order to achieve the docking and detaching of the two subsystems, a screw-like binding mechanism is proposed. To implement the binding mechanism, it is separated into two pieces, i.e., ‘screw’ and ‘nut’, which are duel-functioned as the landing gear of the UAV or the UGV roof, respectively. To improve the success rate of docking, a mathematical model of the binding mechanism is established to calculate the ideal curve of the guiding surface, which provides important cues for the mechanism fabrication. With such a binding mechanism, UAV or UGV can execute docking or detachment via screwing-like self-spinning motion. The spinning torque of the UAV and UGV are calibrated by torque measurement tests. As a result, each independent vehicle can generate sufficient power to lock or detach via its original actuators, thus omitting the extra actuators. The full stage control, including air-ground docking-detaching and amphibious locomotion, are validated experimentally.

Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber Foam Filled with Bagasse Fiber

The properties of natural rubber foam filled with bagasse fiber of varying content (0-50 phr) and different blowing agent content (5 and 8 phr) were investigated, with rubber compounds and vulcanized rubber also examined. Rubber compound properties included measurements of scorch time, cure time, minimum torque, maximum torque, density, and percentage of expansion in the mold. When bagasse fiber and blowing agent content increased, the maximum torque value of the compounded rubber increased. For rubber compound with blowing agent loading at 5 phr, cure time increased with an increasing bagasse fiber content of 40-50 phr, while scorch time and density of the rubber compound remained unchanged. The percentage of rubber compound expansion in the mold decreased with increasing bagasse fiber content. The cell size of natural rubber foams was inspected using an optical microscope. Small and homogeneous cell size was found in natural rubber foam with blowing agent content of 8 phr and higher bagasse fiber content. The incorporation of bagasse fiber enhanced the compressive strength of the natural rubber foam. Vulcanized rubber properties such as the modulus at 100% strain, tensile strength, and strain at break were also studied. The modulus increased, whereas stress at break and strain at break decreased with increasing bagasse fiber content. On the other hand, tensile strength and strain at break increased with increasing blowing agent loading.