Torque Control Characteristics Research Articles

PMSMの直接トルク制御におけるトルク制御特性を改善する制御器構成

PMSMの直接トルク制御におけるトルク制御特性を改善する制御器構成

Cars and Energy in the Future ‘Paradigm Shift to Motor/Capacitor/Wireless’

What will cars look like in 100 years' later? They must run by ‘electric motor’ and will receive energy directly from electric power infrastructure like electric trains. The key technologies here are ‘supercapacitors’ to excel in power input and output rather than batteries, and ‘wireless power transfer’ to connect cars to power infrastructure. Furthermore, energy efficiency and safety will be dramatically improved by the technology of ‘motion control’ to make use of the excellent torque control characteristics of electric motor, also together with automatic driving technology. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Optimization of Proportional Integral Derivative Parameters of Brushless Direct Current Motor Using Genetic Algorithm

Optimal performance of the Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor is to be realized using an efficient Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. However, conventional tuning technique fails to perform satisfactorily under parameter variations, nonlinear conditions and time delay. Also using conventional technique to tune the parameters gain of the PID controller is a difficult task. To overcome these difficulties, modern heuristic optimization technique are required to optimally tune the Proportional, Integral, Derivative of the controller for optimal speed control of three phase BLDC motor. Thus, genetic algorithm (GA) based PID controller was used to achieve a high dynamic control performance. The Brushless DC Motor mathematical equation which describes the voltage and corresponding rotational angular speed and torque of the brushless DC motor was employed using electrical DC Machines theorem. The Genetic algorithm was further analyzed by adopting the three common performance indices i.e. Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral Square Error (ISE) and Integral Absolute Error (IAE) in order to capture and compare the most suitable BLDC Motor speed and torque control characteristics. All simulations were done using MATLAB (R2018a). The simulation result showed that the system with GA-PID controller had the better system response when compared with the existing technique of ZN-PID controller.

Modeling and Simulating of PMSM Space Vector PWM Drive System Based on Fuzzy Immune PI Control Method

In order to improve the speed control performance of the PMSM(Permanent magnet synchronous motor) vector control system. Utilizing the mathematical model of the PMSM in the dq0 coordinates, and the basic principles of the SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) control method, a simulation model of the PMSM Space Vector Control System, which contains the double loop of speed and current, has been constructed based on the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation environment. According to the artificial immune feedback theory and the approximation of the nonlinear function in the immune feedback system, with the help of fuzzy logic, a fuzzy immune PI controller has been made and harnessed in the speed loop. Under the three conditions: steady load startup, speed abrupt change, and load abrupt change, a series of contradistinctive simulation experiments are conducted and compared with the original PI controller respectively. The experimental results showed that the SVPWM control method with the fuzzy immune PI controller can not only make the motor run steadily, but also give it a superior speed performance and torque control characteristics. In addition, the control performance of the fuzzy immune PI controller showed a dramatically improvement compared with that of the traditional PI controller.

비 정현파 역기전압을 가지는 EV용 IPMSM의 전향보상 제어기법에 관한 연구

In the case of the Back EMF voltage contains the harmonics, the motor torque ripple and vibration is occurred by the current pulsation, because IPMSM control algorithm is the model which is assumed that it contains a sinusoidal Back EMF voltage. To improve ride quality, in the case of IPMSM for EV, improving the torque control characteristics is necessary. Therefore, there is a need to minimize the influence of the harmonics. In this paper, the investigation to decrease the current distortion factor has been performed for improving torque control characteristics by applying the non-sinusoidal Back EMF to IPMSM model.

SELF TUNING OF CLASS H INDUCTION MOTOR FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL

In this paper the steady state characteristics of a self tuned field oriented control induction motor drive are presented. The induction motor will be self tuning after one or more of its parameters varied. Both basic types of field oriented control have some sensitivity to machine parameters and provide non-ideal torque control characteristics when control parameters differ from actual machine parameters. In general, both steady state torque control and dynamic response differ from the ideal instantaneous torque control achieved by a correctly tuned controller.

Consideration of wheel slip and readhesion control for induction traction motor electric locomotives with individual traction control

AbstractWe have developed a readhesion control algorithm of the traction inverter for individual motor control locomotives. This paper describes improvements in dealing with wheel slip and readhesion control for individual‐axle electric locomotives. The major torque control is based on feedback of the difference between the basic speed of the locomotive and the individual axle speed. By combining two torque control methods, we have obtained better readhesion characteristics: little influence of dynamic axle load transfer and a high achievable coefficient of adhesion exceeding 30%. These torque control characteristics were estimated test runs and the stability limits of feedback gain are shown. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(3): 56–64, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20883

Sensorless control of inverter-fed induction motor drives

Sensorless control is considered to be a lower cost alternative than the position or speed encoder-based control of induction motors. Two popular sensorless control methods, namely, the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) and the Luenberger observer (LO) methods are compared for speed and torque control characteristics. They are also compared against the well-known vector control principle. For the drive system simulated, the torque and speed obtained from sensorless control are almost identical to those obtained from the vector control method. However, the torque ripple for the sensorless methods is observed to be higher than vector control-based method. The MRAS method introduces higher torque ripple when compared to the Luenberger observer. In addition, speed estimation methods employed in sensorless control are more sensitive to motor parameter variations.

Vector Control of Induction Motor Using Robust Optimal Observer

In recent years, many vector control methods with a flux observer for the induction motors have been developed. In these methods, torque control characteristics deteriorate when an induction motor is driven at low speeds with resistance deviations.In this paper, robust flux observer with optimal feedback gain is proposed in which resistance deviations assume to be system noise, and error equation is derived. Proposed method is shown to be feasible with experimental results.

Comparison of Field-Controlled Characteristics between ER and MR Clutches

This paper presents torque control characteristics of ER (electro-rheological) and MR (magneto-rheological) clutches. As a first step, Bingham properties of ER and MR fluids are experimentally distilled under the shear mode. A nondimensional model of the clutches is established for reasonable comparison. Two clutches have the same principal design parameters such as outer radius of the disc and electrode gap size. Following the manufacturing of two clutches on the basis of the nondimensional model, field-dependent torque levels are experimentally evaluated. A PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller is then designed and experimentally realized to achieve desired torque. Both regulating and tracking torque control responses of the two clutches are evaluated and compared. In addition, control durability for torque tracking is undertaken to provide a practical feasibility of the proposed clutches.

Torque Control of a DC Motor with Reduction Gears. 3rd Report. Drive Control System with Flexible Joint and Its Torque Control Characteristics.

In a previous paper, a high-stiffness torque control system for geared DC motors was proposed. Here we describe methods to identify the parameters needed to achieve that control system. Furthermore, our enhanced scheme provides a method for selecting the stiffness of the torque-sensing element to achieve an accurate torque control system. The basic idea is to use an acceleration controller based on a disturbance observer instead of a position controller as proposed in the past. The advantage is that the effects of time delays due to the system dynamics and the effects of Coulomb friction are eliminated by the observer. We present experimental results of implementing this controller.

Compensation for parameter variation of induction motor improved torque control characteristics in low‐ and high‐speed regions

AbstractIn the vector control system using the slip frequency control method, the rotor resistance of an induction motor is used to calculate a slip frequency. Thus the change in temperature of the rotor resistance causes the deterioration of the torque control characteristic.This paper presents a new method of compensating for the rotor resistance change which is robust for the stator resistance change. A current control loop is composed of the λ‐δ axes in which the λ axis is coincident to the stator current. In this method, the stator voltage error on the δ axis which is directly obtainable from this current control loop was used. The change in the stator voltage was able to be detected accurately, therefore the torque control accuracy was improved, particularly in the low‐speed region. The experimental results of the current response and the compensation for the rotor resistance deviation also are shown.Moreover, although the mutual inductance has been treated as an invariable value, the value does change by a frequency and an exciting command. In this control method, an initial tuning of the equivalent mutual inductance was achieved by detecting the deviation component of the stator voltage on the δ axis at the no‐load running condition. Furthermore, in the region with the constant power where the field weakening control was achieved, the excellent experimental results of the compensation for the deviation of the equivalent mutual inductance are shown.

Compensation for Parameters Variation of Induction Motor Improved Torque Control Characteristics at Low and High Speed Region.

In the vector control system using the slip frepuency control method, the rotor resistance of an induction motor is used for calculating a slip frequency. So that the change in temperature of the rotor resistance causes the deterioration of the torque control characteristic. This paper presents a new method of the compensation for the rotor resistance change which is robust for the stator resistance change. A Current control loop is composed of the γ-δ axes in which the γ axis is coincident to the stator current. In this method, the stator voltage error on the δ axis which is directly obtainable from this current control loop was used. The change in the stator voltage was able to be detected accurately, therefore the torque control accuracy was improved particularly in the low speed region. The experimental results of the current response and the compensation for the rotor resistance deviation were shown, too.Moreover though the mutual inductance has been treated as an invariable value, the value does change by a frequency and an excitine command. In this control method, an initial tuning of the equivalent mutual inductance was achieved by detecting the deviation component of the stator voltage on the δ axis at the no load running condition. Furthermore in the region with the constant power where the field weakening control was achieved, the excellent experimental results of the compensation for the deviation of the equivalent mutual inductance were shown.

Selective Teflon Arteriographic Catheters

Selective angiography is of proved value in the diagnosis of disease of practically every organ of the human body. The selective approach has four primary advantages over aortographie flush technics: (a) More contrast material per unit time can be delivered to the organ studied with resultant better angiographic detail; (b) there is no overlap of vessels of other structures; (c) contrast toxicity is limited only to the organ studied and is not extend ed to more sensitive organs or systems; (d) the total volume of contrast medium per injection may be decreased so that multiple injections and projections are possible. Selective angiographic catheters previously utilized were made of radiopaque polyethylene (1, 2) or of polyurethane with an embedded wire mesh (3). The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of selective torque-controlled angiographic catheters made of Teflon (tetrafluoroethylene). Teflon has many features which make for an ideal angiographic catheter: 1. Strength: Because of the high tensile strength of Teflon, the manufacture of angiographic catheters with a wall thickness of 0.012 to 0.016 inches is possible. As a result, flow rates of angiographic contrast material are significantly increased as compared with other catheters of similar size. 2. Heat Stability: The physical characteristics of Teflon are not altered by autoclaving. 3. Low Coefficient of Friction: The low coefficient of friction of Teflon permits easy percutaneous entry of a vessel and decreases the possibility of blood coagulation and ensnarement of the guide wire. 4. Lack of Moisture Absorption: The lack of moisture absorption prevents physical alteration of the catheter during the catheterization procedure so that softening, loss of catheter curve, and loss of torque control characteristics are prevented. The complete lack of moisture absorption also prevents swelling of the catheter walls with resultant decrease of the catheter lumen. 5. Chemical Inertness: Catheters may be cleansed with almost any material without worry of catheter damage. The disadvantages of Teflon have been poor curve retention and poor torque control so that while the material has been widely utilized for flush aortographic catheters, its use in selective arteriography has been limited. A method has been devised for preparing selective Teflon catheters with excellent torque control and curve retention. These catheters have now been clinically tested in over 3,000 selective abdominal and thoracic arteriographic procedures and have also been utilized in several hundred selective coronary arteriograms. Methods A number of methods of preparing torque control Teflon catheters with good curve retention were tried but unsuccessful. These included catheter baking at various temperatures and times and catheter irradiation at up to 50,000 R.