Topological Parameters Research Articles

Complex network of eye movements during rapid automatized naming.

Although the method of visualizing eye-tracking data as a time-series might enhance performance in the understanding of gaze behavior, it has not yet been thoroughly examined in the context of rapid automated naming (RAN). This study attempted, for the first time, to measure gaze behavior during RAN from the perspective of network-domain, which constructed a complex network [referred to as gaze-time-series-based complex network (GCN)] from gaze time-series. Hence, without designating regions of interest, the features of gaze behavior during RAN were extracted by computing topological parameters of GCN. A sample of 98 children (52 males, aged 11.50 ± 0.28 years) was studied. Nine topological parameters (i.e., average degree, network diameter, characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, global efficiency, assortativity coefficient, modularity, community number, and small-worldness) were computed. Findings showed that GCN in each RAN task was assortative and possessed "small-world" and community architecture. Additionally, observations regarding the influence of RAN task types included that: (i) five topological parameters (i.e., average degree, clustering coefficient, assortativity coefficient, modularity, and community number) could reflect the difference between tasks N-num (i.e., naming of numbers) and N-cha (i.e., naming of Chinese characters); (ii) there was only one topological parameter (i.e., network diameter) which could reflect the difference between tasks N-obj (i.e., naming of objects) and N-col (i.e., naming of colors); and (iii) when compared to GCN in alphanumeric RAN, GCN in non-alphanumeric RAN may have higher average degree, global efficiency, and small-worldness, but lower network diameter, characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, and modularity. Findings also illustrated that most of these topological parameters were largely independent of traditional eye-movement metrics. This article revealed the architecture and topological parameters of GCN as well as the influence of task types on them, and thus brought some new insights into the understanding of RAN from the perspective of complex network.

Cortico-basal ganglia networks dysfunction associated with disease severity in patients with idiopathic blepharospasm.

Structural changes occur in brain regions involved in cortico-basal ganglia networks in idiopathic blepharospasm (iBSP); whether these changes influence the function connectivity patterns of cortico-basal ganglia networks remains largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the global integrative state and organization of functional connections of cortico-basal ganglia networks in patients with iBSP. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and clinical measurements were acquired from 62 patients with iBSP, 62 patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS), and 62 healthy controls (HCs). Topological parameters and functional connections of cortico-basal ganglia networks were evaluated and compared among the three groups. Correlation analyses were performed to explore the relationship between topological parameters and clinical measurements in patients with iBSP. We found significantly increased global efficiency and decreased shortest path length and clustering coefficient of cortico-basal ganglia networks in patients with iBSP compared with HCs, however, such differences were not observed between patients with HFS and HCs. Further correlation analyses revealed that these parameters were significantly correlated with the severity of iBSP. At the regional level, the functional connectivity between the left orbitofrontal area and left primary somatosensory cortex and between the right anterior part of pallidum and right anterior part of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was significantly decreased in patients with iBSP and HFS compared with HCs. Dysfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia networks occurs in patients with iBSP. The altered network metrics of cortico-basal ganglia networks might be served as quantitative markers for evaluation of the severity of iBSP.

Quantitative analysis of the interplay of hydrogen bonds in M(II)-hexaaqua complexes with HMTA [M(II) = Co(II), Mg(II); HMTA = hexamethylenetetramine

Two octahedral hexaaqua complexes, namely hexa-aqua-cobalt(II) dinitrate bis(hexamethylenetetramine) tetrahydrate and hexa-aqua-mangnesium(II) dinitrate bis(hexamethylenetetramine) tetrahydrate [MII(H2O)6](HMTA)2(NO3)2.4H2O [M= Co (complex (1)) and Mg (complex (2))] have been synthesized. The crystal structures of the title complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray crystallography study reveals that O−H···O and O−H···N play a pivotal role in building the supramolecular structures in both complexes. Theoretical DFT calculations have calculated the energies associated with hydrogen bonding interactions. These non-covalent interactions are characterized based on Bader's theory of “atoms in molecules” (AIM). The analysis of topological parameters of electron density at the (3, −1) bond critical point classified the interactions as “closed-shell” interactions. Further characterization of non-covalent interactions has also been performed by the “non-covalent interaction” plot index (NCI). Optical characterization has been performed to measure the band gap.

Hydrogen bonding guest-water interactions in pinacolone, tert-butyl amine, and tert-butylmethyl ether: a theoretical study on energetics, structure, and topological +

In guest-host interactions, guest molecules used for hydrogen bonding potential of clathrate hydrate cages are involved as "promoters" for hydrogen or methane storage. Among the promoter molecules, there are pinacolone and tert-butylmethyl ether containing oxygen atom, and tert-butyl amine among those containing nitrogen atom. The dimer and trimer interactions of these molecules with the water clusters were investigated. The cooperativity effect, which is a measure of the hydrogen bonding of these oxygen and nitrogen-containing complexes, was calculated and these complexes were analyzed. Moreover, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis was performed to determine intermolecular interactions. Clusters of several molecules may seem like a non-significant state of matter; however, in systematic studies with small clusters, important results can be obtained. Therefore, it is very useful to work with clusters to understand the properties of the dense phase, and this study aimed to examine the properties of structures, energies, infrared vibration frequencies, and topological parameters, which develop as a result of the interaction of structures in different clusters with water molecules. The MP2 level was performed using aug-cc-pVDZ basis set calculations for this study. Tight converting criteria were used in the optimization step. Harmonic vibrational modes were calculated at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level. Each minima obtained from the MP2 level was subjected to single-point energy calculations using CCSD(T) levels with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set by the Gaussian16 package program suite. Thetopological analyseswere performed withnon-covalent interaction (NCI). MEP surface of the complex was also composed by Gaussian program using the optimized geometry at a MP2/aug-cc-pvdz level.

Interactions between Paracetamol and Formaldehyde: Theoretical Investigation and Topological Analysis.

In this work, noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonds, C···C, N···O, and van der Waals forces between paracetamol and formaldehyde were investigated using the second-order perturbation theory MP2 in conjunction with the correlation consistent basis sets (aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ). Two molecular conformations of paracetamol were considered. Seven equilibrium geometries of dimers were found from the result of the interactions with formaldehyde for each conformation of paracetamol. Interaction energies of complexes with both ZPE and BSSE corrections range from -7.0 to -21.7 kJ mol-1. Topological parameters (such as electron density, its Laplacian, and local electron energy density at the bond critical points) of the bonds from atoms in molecules theory were analyzed in detail. The natural bond orbital analysis showed that the stability of complexes was controlled by noncovalent interactions including O-H···O, N-H···O, C-H···O, C-H···N, C-H···H-C, C···C, and N···O. The red- and blue-shifted hydrogen bonds could both be observed in these complexes. The properties of these interactions were also further examined in water using a polarized continuum model. In water, the stability of the complex was slightly reduced as compared to that in the gas phase.

Experimental and theoretical analyses and investigation of intermolecular interactions and antibacterial activity of a novel proton transfer compound:8-hydroxyquinolinium oxalate monohydrate

A novel proton transfer compound, 8-hydroxyquinolinium oxalate monohydrate was synthesised by solid state grinding of 8-hydroxyquinoline and oxalic acid. The resulting compound is characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD), FT-IR, UV–Visible, TG/DTG, DTA and DSC analyses. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/n. The carboxylate oxygen O2 which acts as a tetrafurcated acceptor of four hydrogen bonds is the main feature of the crystal structure. The molecules are linked together by O–H⋯O, N–H⋯O and C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Carbonyl-carbonyl interactions play a crucial role in stabilising the crystal packing. Hirshfeld surface analysis and the associated finger print plots facilitates the comparison of intermolecular interactions. The nature of charge density distribution and topological parameters of the proton transfer region N1–H1A⋯O2 hydrogen bond reveals that the bond has considerable covalent character. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) has been extended to analyse the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions. Topology analysis using ELF and LOL reveals electron localisation and depletion regions. ADMET analysis reveals that the compound satisfies Lipinski’s rule of five and drug likeness. Antibacterial activity was screened against 3 g positive - Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and 2 g negative strains- Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi by employing disc diffusion method.

Intriguing π-interactions involving aromatic neutrals, aromatic cations and semiconducting behavior in a pyridinium-carboxylate salt

A new pyridinium-carboxylate salt (1) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy, electrical studies, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray structure of 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid) with 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine is stabilized through hydrogen bonds, C‒H···π, and numerous π-interactions together with π···π, π···π+, and π+···π+stacking. The cooperativity of the weak noncovalent interactions has been explored well that plays a crucial role in building diverse extended supramolecular frameworks. The hydrogen bonds dictate the basic structural motifs representing the supramolecular association. However, the cooperativity of the weak noncovalent contacts plays a significant role in constructing the final solid-state structure. The entire assembly produces a rare combination of π···π/π···π+/π+···π+/π+···π extended network. The binding energies of the noncovalent interactions have anticipated the usage of DFT calculations. Intricate combinations of these noncovalent interactions are characterized through computational studies by using Bader's theory of “Atoms-in-Molecules” (AIM) and “noncovalent interaction” (NCI) plot index. The evaluation of topological parameters at (3, -1) BCPs ensured the ‘closed-shell’ nature of the intermolecular interactions. By employing Tauc's plot, the optical band gap was calculated from UV–Vis spectroscopy. A device was fabricated for the analysis of I-V characteristics of the compound. An impedance study was carried out and consequently, Nyquist plot was represented for the further investigation of the semiconducting behavior of the compound.

Revisiting the hydrogen atom transfer reactions through a simple and accurate theoretical model: Role of hydrogen bond energy in polyphenolic antioxidants

The importance of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction has been realized in various fields, ranging from atmospheric chemistry to biological processes. HAT is noteworthy in exploring phenolic antioxidants as these molecules scavenge harmful reactive free radicals through this popular pathway. The determining index of the HAT reaction is the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE). This article proposes a theoretical model for estimating the OH BDE, a key concept for assessing HAT reactions. The model is shown to have high accuracy, and is computationally cheaper than the conventional methods of computing BDE. It has been tested with 35 polyphenolic systems having antioxidant activity involved through the HAT mechanism. Further, topological parameters within the QTAIM are computed along with the hydrogen bond energies to understand the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in such polyphenolic systems undergoing HAT reactions.

Disrupted white matter network of brain structural connectomes in bipolar disorder patients revealed by q-ball imaging

BackgroundStructural and functional brain changes have been found to be associated with altered emotion and cognition in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Widespread microstructural white matter abnormalities have been observed using traditional structural imaging in BD. q-Ball imaging (QBI) and graph theoretical analysis (GTA) improve the specificity and sensitivity and high accuracy of fiber tracking. We applied QBI and GTA to investigate and compare the structural connectivity alterations and network alterations in patients with and without BD. MethodsSixty-two patients with BD and 62 healthy controls (HCs) completed a MR scan. We evaluated the group differences in generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) and normalized quantitative anisotropy (NQA) values by voxel-based statistical analysis with QBI. We also evaluated the group differences in topological parameters of GTA and subnetwork interconnections in network-based statistical analysis (NBS). ResultsThe QBI indices in the BD group were significantly lower than those in the HC group in the corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, and caudate. The GTA indices indicated that the BD group demonstrated less global integration and higher local segregation than the HC group, but they retained small-world properties. NBS evaluation showed that the majority of the more connected subnetworks in BD occurred in thalamo-temporal/parietal connectivity. ConclusionOur findings supported white matter integrity with network alterations in BD.

Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis of Shared Genes, miRNA, Biological Pathways and Their Potential Role as Therapeutic Targets in Huntington's Disease Stages.

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT). The HTT gene was the first disease-associated gene mapped to a chromosome, but the pathophysiological mechanisms, genes, proteins or miRNAs involved in HD remain poorly understood. Systems bioinformatics approaches can divulge the synergistic relationships of multiple omics data and their integration, and thus provide a holistic approach to understanding diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), HD-related gene targets, pathways and miRNAs in HD and, more specifically, between the pre-symptomatic and symptomatic HD stages. Three publicly available HD datasets were analysed to obtain DEGs for each HD stage from each dataset. In addition, three databases were used to obtain HD-related gene targets. The shared gene targets between the three public databases were compared, and clustering analysis was performed on the common shared genes. Enrichment analysis was performed on (i) DEGs identified for each HD stage in each dataset, (ii) gene targets from the public databases and (iii) the clustering analysis results. Furthermore, the hub genes shared between the public databases and the HD DEGs were identified, and topological network parameters were applied. Identification of HD-related miRNAs and their gene targets was obtained, and a miRNA-gene network was constructed. Enriched pathways identified for the 128 common genes revealed pathways linked to multiple neurodegeneration diseases (HD, Parkinson's disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia), MAPK and HIF-1 signalling pathways. Eighteen HD-related hub genes were identified based on network topological analysis of MCC, degree and closeness. The highest-ranked genes were FoxO3 and CASP3, CASP3 and MAP2 were found for betweenness and eccentricity and CREBBP and PPARGC1A were identified for the clustering coefficient. The miRNA-gene network identified eleven miRNAs (mir-19a-3p, mir-34b-3p, mir-128-5p, mir-196a-5p, mir-34a-5p, mir-338-3p, mir-23a-3p and mir-214-3p) and eight genes (ITPR1, CASP3, GRIN2A, FoxO3, TGM2, CREBBP, MTHFR and PPARGC1A). Our work revealed that various biological pathways seem to be involved in HD either during the pre-symptomatic or symptomatic stages of HD. This may offer some clues for the molecular mechanisms, pathways and cellular components underlying HD and how these may act as potential therapeutic targets for HD.

Modified variational autoencoder for inversely predicting plasmonic nanofeatures for generating structural color

We apply a modified variational autoencoder (VAE) regressor for inversely retrieving the topological parameters of the building blocks of plasmonic composites for generating structural colors as per requirement. We demonstrate results of a comparison study between inverse models based on generative VAEs as well as conventional tandem networks that have been favored traditionally. We describe our strategy for improving the performance of our model by filtering the simulated dataset prior to training. The VAE- based inverse model links the electromagnetic response expressed as the structural color to the geometrical dimensions from the latent space using a multilayer perceptron regressor and shows better accuracy over a conventional tandem inverse model.

Theoretical density functional analysis with experimental, electronic properties, and NBO analysis on (RS) 3-(-3, 5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5-vinyloxazolidine2,4‑dione

A molecule (RS)-3-(-3, 5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5-vinyloxazolidine-2,4‑dione (RSDMVD) is registered as a non-systemic fungicide of the dicarboximide group for both fruits and vegetables. In this present work of quantum chemical calculations, we have performed optimized molecular structure, natural bond orbitals (NBO) analysis, and Mulliken charges using Density Functional Theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6–311++G(d, p) basis set. The HOMO-LUMO energies show the chemical reactivity and stability of the RSDMVD compound. Topological parameters are studied using Atom In Molecule(AIM) analysis. The Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) is an essential tool in predicting various biological activities. Reduced Density Gradient(RDG) and sign (λ2) ρ function were computed using Multiwfn Program.

Estimating the permeability of fractured rocks using topological characteristics of fracture network

The variability and inter-influence of individual geometric parameters make permeability evaluation of fractured rocks based on fracture geometric characteristics challenging. Therefore, three independent topological parameters, fracture mean density (εmean), network connectivity (nseg), and the average number of fractures intersecting with inlet and outlet boundaries per meter (Cmean) were proposed to describe the geometric characteristic of fractured rock, and a prediction model of permeability was established in terms of these topological parameters and fracture aperture. The relationship between topological parameters, aperture, and permeability was analyzed according to more than 300 models generated by the Monte Carlo method considering different fracture densities, lengths, and orientations. Fitting these results, a multivariate regression equation with a correlation coefficient larger than 0.91 was constructed for prediction permeability. We also found that nseg and e play a more important role in permeability when compared to εmean and Cmean. For fractured rocks of different topological sub-domains, a method physically simplifying them to a fracture of equivalent hydraulic conductivity is proposed, and then assembling them based on the mass conservation and compatible hydraulic pressure condition. The derivation between permeability obtained by prediction model and numerical simulation is less than 2%, verifying the prediction model.

Topological quantum criticality of the disordered Chern insulator

We consider the two-dimensional topological Chern insulator in the presence of static disorder. Generic quantum states in this system are Anderson localized. However, topology requires the presence of a subset of critical states, with diverging localization length (the Chern insulator analog of the ‘center of the Landau band states’ of the quantum Hall insulator.) We discuss geometric criteria for the identification of these states at weak disorder, and their extension into the regime of strong disorder by analytical methods. In this way, we chart a critical surface embedded in a phase space spanned by energy, topological control parameter, and disorder strength. Our analytical predictions are supplemented by a numerical analysis of the position of the critical states, and their multifractal properties.

Impact of Topological Parameters on Melt Rheological Properties and Foamability of PS POM-POMs

Rheological properties highly impact the foaming behavior of polymers, as a high melt strength and low shear viscosity support cell expansion by reducing cell coalescence and rupture. Since rheological properties originate from molecular topology, topology is consequently a governing parameter for foaming. We synthesized well-defined polystyrene (PS) POM-POM-shaped model systems to study the impact of the topology-originated melt rheological parameters on the physical foaming behavior within purely amorphous polymers without any crystallization effects. Therefore, we systematically varied the topological parameters of the POM-POM topology, i.e., the number of arms q, the arm length Mw,a, and the backbone length Mw,b. We investigated the melt rheological properties of the samples concerning their zero-shear viscosity and elongational strain hardening and correlated their resulting foam structure. Within the sample series, η0 can be reduced by up to 104, compared to linear PS with the same total molecular weight, whereas the maximum achieved strain hardening factor is SHF = 141 at T = 160 °C. The foaming experiments revealed that the mean cell size D and the volume expansion VER can be precisely controlled via molecular topology. By controlling the topological parameters, it was possible to increase VER from VER = 2.0 to 15.6, whereas D varied between D = 1.3 and 17.2 μm within 100–150 °C under a pressure of 500 bar. In comparison, the VER of linear PS increased from VER = 2.6 to 5.4, while D increased from D = 2.3 to 4.8 μm. Moreover, the influence of topology is more pronounced at higher temperatures, indicating that the molecular relaxation times and the applied shear rates need to be related. Hence, it is possible to tailor the cellular structure to a specific application by considering and controlling the polymer topology.

Harmonic oscillator problem in the background of a topologically charged Ellis-Bronnikov–type wormhole(a)

In this paper, we study the quantum dynamics of non-relativistic particles in the background of a topological chagred Ellis-Bronnikov–type wormhole space-time. We derived the radial wave equation and obtain the eigenvalue solution through the confluent Heun equation. Afterwards, we study the harmonic oscillator problem in the same wormhole background and solve the wave equation using the same technique. In both cases, the ground state energy level E 1,l and the wave function are presented. Finally, we analyze the results and show that the eigenvalue solutions are influenced by the topological defect parameter α and the wormhole throat radius and get them modified.

Class AK-manifold of Concircular curvature tensor (V)

The current deals with new Three classes of almost Kahler manifold W2 of Concircular curvature tensor are Calculating differential geometrical but also topological parameters appropriate for new classes 1, 2, and 3, are the focus of the paper. Through it, an equivalence relationship was obtained between these classes and one of or more the Tensor compound in the adjoint G-structure space and then construct a relation between this new classes.

Synthesis, Supramolecular Structural Investigations of Co(II) and Cu(II) Azido Complexes with Pyridine-Type Ligands

Two new Co(II) and Cu(II) azido complexes with 4-picoline (4-Pic) and pyridine-2-carboxaldoxime (HAld) were synthesized by self-assembly of the organic ligand and the M(II) nitrate in the presence of azide as a co-ligand. Their structures were determined to be [Co(4-Pic)4(H2O)(N3)]NO3*H2O*4-Pic (1) and [Cu(HAld)(Ald)(N3)] (2) using X-ray single crystal diffraction. In complex 1, the coordination geometry is a slightly distorted octahedron with a water molecule and azide ion located trans to one another. On the other hand, complex 2 has a distorted square pyramid CuN5 coordination sphere with N-atoms of the organic ligand as a basal plane and azide ion as apical. All types of intermolecular contacts and their contributions in the molecular packing were analyzed using Hirshfeld analysis. The intermolecular contacts, H…H (53.9%), O…H (14.1%), N…H (11.0%) and H…C (18.8%) in 1, and H…H (27.4%), N…H (27.7%), O…H (14.7%) and H…C (13.6%) in 2 have the largest contributions. Of all the contacts, the O…H, N…H and C…C interactions in 2 and the O…H, N…H and H…C in 1 are apparently shorter than the van der Waals radii sum of the interacting atoms. Atoms in molecules (AIM) topological parameters explained the lower symmetry of the coordinated azide in 1 than 2.

PKI: A bioinformatics method of quantifying the importance of nodes in gene regulatory network via a pseudo knockout index

BackgroundGene regulatory network (GRN) is a model that characterizes the complex relationships between genes and thereby provides an informatics environment to measure the importance of nodes. The evaluation of important nodes in a GRN can effectively refer to their functional implications severing as key players in particular biological processes, such as master regulator and driver gene. Currently, it is mainly based on network topological parameters and focuses only on evaluating a single node individually. However, genes and products play their functions by interacting with each other. It is worth noting that the effects of gene combinations in GRN are not simply additive. Key combinations discovery is of significance in revealing gene sets with important functions. Recently, with the development of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, we can quantify gene expression profiles of individual cells that provide the potential to identify crucial nodes in gene regulations regarding specific condition, e.g., stem cell differentiation. ResultsIn this paper, we propose a bioinformatics method, called Pseudo Knockout Importance (PKI), to quantify the importance of node and node sets in a specific GRN structure using time-course scRNA-seq data. First, we construct ordinary differential equations to approach the gene regulations during cell differentiation. Then we design gene pseudo knockout experiments and define PKI score evaluation criteria based on the coefficient of determination. The importance of nodes can be described as the influence on the ODE system of removing variables. For key gene combinations, PKI is derived as a combinatorial optimization problem of quantifying the in silico gene knockout effects. ConclusionsHere, we focus our analyses on the specific GRN of embryonic stem cells with time series gene expression profile. To verify the effectiveness and advantage of PKI method, we compare its node importance rankings with other twelve kinds of centrality-based methods, such as degree and Latora closeness. For key node combinations, we compare the results with the method based on minimum dominant set. Moreover, the famous combinations of transcription factors in induced pluripotent stem cell are also employed to verify the vital gene combinations identified by PKI. These results demonstrate the reliability and superiority of the proposed method.

Fiber Density and Structural Brain Connectome in Glioblastoma Are Correlated With Glioma Cell Infiltration.

Glioblastoma (GBM) preferred to infiltrate into white matter (WM) beyond the recognizable tumor margin. To investigate whether fiber density (FD) and structural brain connectome can provide meaningful information about WM destruction and glioma cell infiltration. GBM cases were collected based on inclusion criteria, and baseline information and preoperative MRI results were obtained. GBM lesions were automatically segmented into necrosis, contrast-enhanced tumor, and edema areas. We obtained the FD map to compute the FD and lnFD values in each subarea and reconstructed the structural brain connectome to obtain the topological metrics in each subarea. We also divided the edema area into a nonenhanced tumor (NET) area and a normal WM area based on the contralesional lnFD value in the edema area, and computed the NET ratio. Twenty-five GBM cases were included in this retrospective study. The FD/lnFD value and topological metrics (aCp, aLp, aEg, aEloc, and ar) were significantly correlated with GBM subareas, which represented the extent of WM destruction and glioma cell infiltration. The FD/lnFD values and topological parameters were correlated with the NET ratio. In particular, the lnFD value in the edema area was correlated with the NET ratio (coefficient, 0.92). Therefore, a larger lnFD value indicates more severe glioma infiltration in the edema area and suggests an extended resection for better clinical outcomes. The FD and structural brain connectome in this study provide a new insight into glioma infiltration and a different consideration of their clinical application in neuro-oncology.