Topographic Atlas Research Articles

Evolution of Single Photon Lidar: From Satellite Laser Ranging to Airborne Experiments to ICESat-2

In September 2018, NASA launched the ICESat-2 satellite into a 500 km high Earth orbit. It carried a truly unique lidar system, i.e., the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System or ATLAS. The ATLAS lidar is capable of detecting single photons reflected from a wide variety of terrain (land, ice, tree leaves, and underlying terrain) and even performing bathymetric measurements due to its green wavelength. The system uses a single 5-watt, Q-switched laser producing a 10 kHz train of sub-nanosecond pulses, each containing 500 microjoules of energy. The beam is then split into three “strong” and three “weak” beamlets, with the “strong” beamlets containing four times the power of the “weak” beamlets in order to satisfy a wide range of Earth science goals. Thus, ATLAS is capable of making up to 60,000 surface measurements per second compared to the 40 measurements per second made by its predecessor multiphoton instrument, the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on ICESat-1, which was terminated after several years of operation in 2009. Low deadtime timing electronics are combined with highly effective noise filtering algorithms to extract the spatially correlated surface photons from the solar and/or electronic background noise. The present paper describes how the ATLAS system evolved from a series of unique and seemingly unconnected personal experiences of the author in the fields of satellite laser ranging, optical antennas and space communications, Q-switched laser theory, and airborne single photon lidars.

Nerve Surgeons' Assessment of the Role of Eduard Pernkopf's Atlas of Topographic and Applied Human Anatomy in Surgical Practice.

(Reprinted with permission from NEUROSURGERY, Volume 84, Number 2, February 2019).

Great insight created by tiny holes; celebrating 40 years of brain micropunch technique.

Great insight created by tiny holes; celebrating 40 years of brain micropunch technique.

Phobos and Deimos cartography

This paper presents an overview of developments in the cartography of the Martian moons Phobos and Deimos from the early satellite images to recent maps based on data from past and on-going Mars missions, especially Viking and Mars Express. We describe in detail the definition and use of special projections for these irregular-shaped bodies. New controlled Phobos mosaics and a topographic atlas in a scale of 1: 50,000 derived from images of the High Resolution Stereo Camera/Super Resolution Channel (HRSC/SRC) camera on Mars Express are presented.

Regional brain perfusion in 12 cats measured with technetium-99m-ethyl cysteinate dimer pinhole single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

With the use of perfusion tracers, in vivo examination of the regional cerebral blood flow in cats can be performed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Reliable perfusion data of normal, healthy cats are necessary for future clinical studies or other research use. Therefore, this dataset of the regional perfusion pattern of the normal feline brain was created. Twelve cats were used in this study. Technetium-99m-ethyl cysteinate dimer ((99m)Tc-ECD) was injected intravenously and the acquisition, using a triple head gamma camera equipped with three multi-pinhole collimators (pinhole SPECT), was started 40 mins after tracer administration under general anaesthesia. Nineteen regions of interest were defined using 7T magnetic resonance images of the feline brain and a topographical atlas. Regional counts were normalised to the counts of two reference regions: the total brain and the cerebellum. The highest tracer uptake was noticed in the subcortical structures, and the lowest in the frontal cortex and the cerebellum. Also left-right asymmetry in the temporal cortex and a rostrocaudal gradient of 5% were observed.

Waldflächenentwicklung der letzten 120 Jahre in der Schweiz

Development of forest area in Switzerland within the last 120 years Historical maps provide a useful source for spatial landscape analyses as they represent a generalized reflection of geographical reality over large areas at a certain time. Digitization and georeferencing of analog maps help to make such analyses more efficient. In Switzerland, the forest area has grown since the mid 19th century according to statistics of the federal government and the cantons. These statistics, however, provide a limited basis for regional analyses of changes in forest area. In this study, the forest areas in 1880, 1915, 1940 and 2000 were estimated based on analyses of the Topographical Atlas of Switzerland (Siegfried maps [1880Siegfried maps [1915, and 1940]), and of the Topographical Map (2000). Using a sample of 20 638 plots, analogous to the aerial photo-interpretation of the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI), a forest/non-forest decision was made for each time cutting. Overall, in Switzerland the forest area increased by 21.6% from 1880 to 2000. This is much less than what revealed the analysis of statistical sources due to differences in the methods and forest definitions used. Considerable regional differences could be detected, with one general trend from north to south and another from east to west. In most regions with strong urban development, the forest area is stagnating or has slightly decreased. The increase in forest cover has taken place mainly in the Alps and the Southern Alps.

Analysis of pelvic lymph nodes by computed tomography: A topographic Atlas (In French) : Davy-Miallou, Abdul-Ahad S, Grellet J (Service de Radiologie Centrale de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75651 Paris Cedex, France). J Radiol 1994;75:389–394

Analysis of pelvic lymph nodes by computed tomography: A topographic Atlas (In French) : Davy-Miallou, Abdul-Ahad S, Grellet J (Service de Radiologie Centrale de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75651 Paris Cedex, France). J Radiol 1994;75:389–394

Wolf-Heidegger’s Atlas of Human AnatomyWolf-Heidegger’s Atlas of Human Anatomy, by Hans Frick, Benno Kummer, Reinhard Putz. S. Karger, Basel. 4th Edition, 1990. US $100. ISBN: 3-8055-4289-5

Book ReviewWolf-Heidegger’s Atlas of Human Anatomy Bo HainauMD Bo Hainau Search for more papers by this author Published Online:1 Jan 1994https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1994.75bSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail AboutIntroductionThis is a mainly topographical atlas with a short introductory section on systemic anatomy. Each region is illustrated from the interior, starting usually with the skeleton and adding soft tissues, viscera, nerves, vessels, etc. The organization is logical and the area of interest is easily located, usually without resorting to the detailed (28pp) index.The illustrations are clear and detailed. Most are drawings. Some CT scans and MR scans are incorporated for comparison. The nomenclature is the 6th Nomina Anatomica which may be a little unfamiliar for the physician with an anglosaxon training (A. gastrica sinistra for left gastric artery, plica vocalis for vocal cord, etc.)The closest competitor to this atlas is Pernkopf’s “Atlas of Topographical and Applied Anatomy”. The latter has the advantage of a larger format, but it is in two volumes (with a separate index volume). The law of multi-volume work states that the desired information is always located in the other volume. Therefore, this atlas has the edge as far as quick and easy reference is concerned. I have tested it for some months in the Histopathology Laboratory when dissecting unfamiliar specimens and teaching residents. As fas as surgical pathology practice is concerned, it has proven excellent. Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 14, Issue 1January-February 1994 Metrics History Published online1 January 1994 InformationCopyright © 1994, Annals of Saudi MedicineThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Assessment of Effective Dose in X Ray Imaging in View of the Proposed ICRP Risk Factors

The uncertainty related to the remaining organs in assessing effective dose equivalent (HE) according to ICRU 26 has been overcome when ICRP specified the new concept of the effective dose (E). The calculation method and phantom model for assessing HE and E in X ray examinations are presented. The phantom model is based on the Alderson Rando phantom, ICRP Reference Man and a topographic atlas. It includes 23 organs, amongst them the organs included in the new ICRP 60 report. The calculation method, based on semi-empirical depth dose data, allows free selection of exposure parameters, examination geometry, examination type and projections. Effective dose E calculated according to ICRP 60 is about 30–40% higher than HE in AP projections, but about 5-20% lower in lateral projections.

Assessment of Effective Dose in X Ray Imaging in View of the Proposed ICRP Risk Factors

The uncertainty related to the remaining organs in assessing effective dose equivalent (HE) according to ICRU 26 has been overcome when ICRP specified the new concept of the effective dose (E). The calculation method and phantom model for assessing HE and E in X ray examinations are presented. The phantom model is based on the Alderson Rando phantom, ICRP Reference Man and a topographic atlas. It includes 23 organs, amongst them the organs included in the new ICRP 60 report. The calculation method, based on semi-empirical depth dose data, allows free selection of exposure parameters, examination geometry, examination type and projections. Effective dose E calculated according to ICRP 60 is about 30–40% higher than HE in AP projections, but about 5-20% lower in lateral projections.

ReviewA Topographic Atlas for X-ray Therapy. By KaplanIra I. and RubenfeldSidney, The Year-Book Publishers, Inc., Chicago.

ReviewA Topographic Atlas for X-ray Therapy. By KaplanIra I. and RubenfeldSidney, The Year-Book Publishers, Inc., Chicago.

A Topographic Atlas for X-ray TherapyA Topographic Atlas for X-ray Therapy. By KaplanIra I., M.D., and BubenfeldSidney, M.D., A volume of 119 pages, with 55 full-page plates. Published by The Year Book Publishers, Chicago, 1939. Price: $4.00.

A Topographic Atlas for X-ray Therapy<scp>A Topographic Atlas for X-ray Therapy</scp>. By KaplanIra I., M.D., and BubenfeldSidney, M.D., A volume of 119 pages, with 55 full-page plates. Published by The Year Book Publishers, Chicago, 1939. Price: $4.00.

Reviews

Journal Article Reviews Get access A Topographical Atlas of the Spinal Cord . By ALEXANDER BRUCE ( Williams & Norgate , London and Edinburgh , 1901 .) W. A. TURNER W. A. TURNER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 24, Issue 2, 1901, Pages 337–338, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/24.2.337 Published: 01 April 1901

Topographic Atlas of the United States

Topographic Atlas of the United States

Topographic Atlas of the United States. Henry Gannett

<i>Topographic Atlas of the United States</i>. Henry Gannett