Science Subjects Research Articles

Effect of the 7E Learning Cycle Model on Students’ Achievement in the Subject of Science at the Elementary School Level

Effect of the 7E Learning Cycle Model on Students’ Achievement in the Subject of Science at the Elementary School Level

Influence of O-H⋅⋅⋅Pt interactions on photoluminescent response in the (Et4N)2{[Pt(bph)(CN)2][phenylene-1,4-diresorcinol]} framework.

Tunable photoluminescence (PL) is one of the hot topics in current materials science, and research performed on the molecular phases is at the forefront of this field. We present the new (Et4N)2[PtII(bph)(CN)2]⋅rez3⋅1/3H2O (Pt2rez3) (bph=biphenyl-2,2'-diyl; rez3=3,3",5,5"-tetrahydroxy-1,1':4',1"-terphenyl, phenylene-1,4-diresorcinol coformer, a linear quaternary hydrogen bond donor) co-crystal salt based on the recently appointed promising [PtII(bph)(CN)2]2- luminophore. Within the extended hydrogen-bonded subnetwork [PtII(bph)(CN)2]2- complexes and rez3 coformer molecules form two types of contacts: the rez3O-H⋅⋅⋅Ncomplex ones in the equatorial plane of the complex and non-typical rez3O-H⋅⋅⋅Pt ones along its axial direction. The combined structural, PL, and DFT approach identified the rez3O-H⋅⋅⋅Pt synthons to be crucial in promoting the noticeable uniform redshift of bph ligand centered (LC) emission compared to the LC emission of the (Et4N)2[PtII(bph)(CN)2]⋅H2O (Pt2) precursor, owing to the direct interference of the phenol group with the PtII-bph orbital system via altering the CT processes within. The high-resolution emission spectra for Pt2 and Pt2rez3 were successfully reproduced at 77 K by using the Franck-Cordon expressions. The possibility to tune PL properties along the plausible continuum of rez3O-H⋅⋅⋅Pt synthons is indicated, considering various scenarios of molecular occupation of the space above and below the complex plane.

Leadership Features of Business Leaders

Leadership can be considered as one of the most important topics in human sciences, as it answers the fundamental question of how to organize collective effort. Simultaneously, it poses a key component of organizational effectiveness. This article seeks to identify a common pattern of leadership features among a group of selected founders or CEOs of ground-breaking companies. To do so, an online survey has been conducted in the UK with N = 300 respondents. The results show that the selected leaders can be associated with both transformational and democratic leadership styles. In addition, their pattern of leadership features includes influence, power, and emotional intelligence. Lastly, the findings imply that using power and influence to get things done along with an inspiring confidence are perceived in general as outstanding leadership features.

Intelligent bell facial paralysis assessment: a facial recognition model using improved SSD network

With the continuous progress of technology, the subject of life science plays an increasingly important role, among which the application of artificial intelligence in the medical field has attracted more and more attention. Bell facial palsy, a neurological ailment characterized by facial muscle weakness or paralysis, exerts a profound impact on patients’ facial expressions and masticatory abilities, thereby inflicting considerable distress upon their overall quality of life and mental well-being. In this study, we designed a facial attribute recognition model specifically for individuals with Bell’s facial palsy. The model utilizes an enhanced SSD network and scientific computing to perform a graded assessment of the patients’ condition. By replacing the VGG network with a more efficient backbone, we improved the model’s accuracy and significantly reduced its computational burden. The results show that the improved SSD network has an average precision of 87.9% in the classification of light, middle and severe facial palsy, and effectively performs the classification of patients with facial palsy, where scientific calculations also increase the precision of the classification. This is also one of the most significant contributions of this article, which provides intelligent means and objective data for future research on intelligent diagnosis and treatment as well as progressive rehabilitation.

Investigation of the functional relationship between antecedent rainfall and the probability of debris flow occurrence in Jiangjia Gully, China

Abstract. A larger antecedent effective precipitation (AEP) indicates a higher probability of a debris flow (Pdf) being triggered by subsequent rainfall. Scientific topics surrounding this qualitative conclusion that can be raised include what kinds of variation rules they follow and whether there is a boundary limit. To answer these questions, Jiangjia Gully in Dongchuan, Yunnan Province, China, is chosen as the study area, and numerical calculation, a rainfall scenario simulation, and the Monte Carlo integration method have been used to calculate the occurrence probability of debris flow under different AEP conditions and derive the functional relationship between Pdf and AEP. The relationship between Pdf and AEP can be quantified by a piecewise function. Pdf is equal to 15.88 %, even when AEP reaches 85 mm, indicating that debris flow by nature has an extremely small probability compared to the rainfall frequency. Data from 1094 rainfall events and 37 historical debris flow events are collected to verify the reasonability of the functional relationship. The results indicate that the piecewise functions are highly correlated with the observation results. Our study confirms the correctness of the qualitative description of the relationship between AEP and Pdf, clarifies that debris flow is a small-probability event compared to rainfall frequency, and quantitatively reveals the evolution law of debris flow occurrence probability with AEP. All the above discoveries can provide a clear reference for the early warning of debris flows.

Learning pathways composed of core subjects with features of reducing cognitive load have better learning outcomes.

Changing the course duration or timing of subjects in learning pathways would influence medical students' learning outcomes. Curriculum designers need to consider the strategy of reducing cognitive load and evaluate it continuously. Our institution underwent gradual curricular changes characterized by reducing cognitive load since 2000. Therefore, we wanted to explore the impact of this strategy on our previous cohorts. This cohort study explored learning pathways across academic years of more than a decade since 2000. Eight hundred eighty-two medical students between 2006 to 2012 were included eventually. Learning outcomes included an average and individual scores of subjects in different stages. Core subjects were identified as those where changes in duration or timing would influence learning outcomes and constitute different learning pathways. We examined whether the promising learning pathway defined as the pathway with the most features of reducing cognitive load has higher learning outcomes than other learning pathways in the exploring dataset. The relationship between features and learning outcomes was validated by learning pathways selected in the remaining dataset. We found nine core subjects, constituting four different learning pathways. Two features of extended course duration and increased proximity between core subjects of basic science and clinical medicine were identified in the promising learning pathway 2012, which also had the highest learning outcomes. Other pathways had some of the features, and pathway 2006 without such features had the lowest learning outcomes. The relationship between higher learning outcomes and cognitive load-reducing features was validated by comparing learning outcomes in two pathways with and without similar features of the promising learning pathway. An approach to finding a promising learning pathway facilitating students' learning outcomes was validated. Curricular designers may implement similar design to explore the promising learning pathway while considering potential confounding factors, including students, medical educators, and learning design of the course.

The General Theory of Scientific Variability for Technological Evolution

The proposed general theory of scientific variability for technological evolution explains one of the drivers of technological change for economic progress in human society. Variability is the predisposition of the elements in systems to assume different values over time and space. In biology, the variability is basic to explaining differences and development in organisms. In economics of technical change, the effects of variability within research fields on evolutionary dynamics of related technologies are unknown. In a broad analogy with the principles of biology, suggested theoretical framework here can clarify a basic driver of technological evolution: the variability within research fields can explain the dynamics of scientific development and technological evolution. The study sees whether statistical evidence supports the hypothesis that the rate of growth of scientific and technological fields can be explained by the level of variability within scientific fields. The validation is based on emerging research fields in quantum technologies: quantum imaging, quantum meteorology, quantum sensing, and quantum optics. Statistical evidence seems in general to support the hypothesis stated that the rate of growth can be explained by the level of scientific variability within research fields, measured with the relative entropy (indicating the dispersion of scientific topics in a research field underlying a specific technology). Nonparametric correlation with Spearman’s rho shows a positive coefficient of 0.80 between entropy measures and rates of growth between scientific and technological fields. The linear model of the relation between rate of growth and scientific variability reveals a coefficient of regression equal to 1.63 (R2 = 0.60). The findings here suggest a general law that variability within research fields positively drives scientific development and technological evolution. In particular, a higher variability within research fields can support a high rate of growth in scientific development and technological evolution. The proposed general theory of scientific variability is especially relevant in turbulent environments of technology-based competition to clarify a basic determinant of technological development to design strategies of technological forecasting and management of promising innovations.

Development of Augmented Reality-Assisted Teaching Materials in Science Subjects: Solar System Topic

The minimal use of learning resources and the underutilization of technology in learning materials used in science education have an impact on students' learning outcomes. This study aims to develop and test the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of augmented reality-assisted teaching materials in the science subject, specifically on the topic of the solar system. This research falls under the category of Research and Development (R&D) following the Brog and Gall model. The population in this study consisted of 46 students, with a small-scale trial group comprising 12 sixth-grade students and a large-scale trial group comprising 34 fifth-grade students from SD Negeri 3 Bebengan. Data collection techniques included test techniques such as pretest-posttest and non-test techniques such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis. The validation results of augmented reality-assisted teaching materials by media, content, and language experts indicated that the materials met the validity criteria. Based on the pretest-posttest results, it was found that augmented reality-assisted teaching materials were effective in improving students' learning outcomes, as evidenced by the increase in the average pretest-posttest score by 39.53, from an average pretest score of 40.68 to 80.21 in the posttest, with an N-gain score of 0.7 indicating moderate effectiveness. The response from teachers and students through distributed questionnaires was very positive. From these results, it can be concluded that augmented reality-assisted teaching materials are effective in improving science learning outcomes and are suitable and practical for use in science education in elementary school grade five

Development of Android-Based Augmented Reality Learning Media on the Human Respiratory System to Improve Student Learning Outcomes

This study aims to develop Android-based augmented reality learning media for the science subject, specifically on the human respiratory system for grade V students at SDIT Sultan Agung 05. This research employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Borg and Gall development model. The subjects of this study include validation test subjects consisting of material experts and media experts, and trial subjects consisting of grade V teachers and 27 grade V students. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and tests (pretest and posttest). The results indicate that the Android-based augmented reality learning media is rated "very feasible" by both material and media experts. The responses from teachers and students are very positive, with an average percentage of 88%, indicating practicality. The pretest and posttest scores showed an average increase of 33.37 with an N-gain of 0.73, categorized as high. This indicates that the Android-based augmented reality learning media is feasible, practical, and effective in improving student learning outcomes in the science subject of the human respiratory system

Analysis of Students’ Needs and Characteristics toward Science to Support Differentiated Learning of Kurikulum Merdeka

The problem that occurs in the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka is the limited of differentiated and integrated Computational Thinking (CT) teaching materials provided by the government which can be used by teachers to direct students to think computationally thinking while focus to students' learning needs, especially in science learning which is a developmental milestone of science development. The aims of the research are to analyze students’ needs and character mapping of students toward the development of differentiated digital modules integrated CT in science subject. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method involving 10 junior high schools that have implemented Kurikulum Merdeka. The population in this study was 19,034 students of 101 junior high schools in Bireuen District. Meanwhile, the sample used in this research was 260 junior high school students from 10 schools in Bireuen District. From the results of data analysis, it was found that the proportion of learning styles for junior high school students in Bireuen District is dominated by auditory learning styles. Furthermore, the distribution of multiple intelligences is dominated by students with logical/mathematic intelligence. Lastly, the student perceives that science learning is enjoyable

Attitude and Perception of Preclinical Undergraduate Medical Students about Problem Based Learning in Medical College of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Problem-based learning is a student-centered learning method. Assessing students’ understanding, settled way of thinking and interpretation towards problem-based learning is essential. The objective of the study was to understand the attitude and perception of preclinicalM.B.B.S. students about problem-based learning.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 5, 2023 to September 4, 2023 for the duration of two months after duly approval from Institutional Review Committee (Protocol No: IRC-LMC-04/Q-23). First and second year M.B.B.S. students who had good experience of attending problem-based learning sessions in integrated basic science subjects were included in the study.Fifteen close-ended questions related to attitude and perceptions were designed in Google Form. The responses were taken on five point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), neutral (3), agree (4), and strongly agree (5). Data were expressed as frequency and percentage.Results: Among 164 participants, 92 (56.09%) strongly agreed and 67 (40.87%) agreed that problem based learning enhances self-directed learning on the topic. Similarly, 103 (62.80%) strongly agreed and 59 (35.98%) agreed that problem based learning improves communication skills. Likewise, 78(47.57%) agreed and 53 (32.32%) strongly agreed that this learning method improves confidence in decision-making. Moreover, 89 (54.28%) agreed and 58 (35.36%) strongly agreed that tutors motivate students to learn themselves through problem based learning.Conclusions: Majority of the students have positive attitude and good perception towards problem based learning. This method helps in generating skills like communication skills, group discussion, constructive critical reasoning, decision–making.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Melalui Penggunaan Strategi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 2 Cikalang

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of students in Social Science subjects through the use of differentiated learning strategies on economic activity material. This research is a Classroom Action (PTK) research which is divided into two cycles and begins with a precycle. Each cycle consists of planning, execution, observation and reflection. Research instruments used in this study are teacher activities, student activities, observation of Learning Implementation Plans (RPP) and learning outcomes tests. The data is analyzed descriptively. The criterion for successful action is if 75% of students reach KKM 75. The results of the research show that there is an increase in teacher activity from cycle I to cycle II with a level of 82.5% in cycle I and 90% in cycle II. Student learning activity was 80% in cycle 1 and 92.5 in cycle II. From the data on student learning outcomes, it was found that learning completeness was 67.3% in cycle I and 78.5% in cycle II. From the research data, the average value of students' learning outcomes using differentiated learning strategies from pre-action to cycle II obtained a significant mastery of learning outcomes, namely 42.8%, so it was concluded that the use of differentiated learning strategies influenced learning outcomes. students in class IV social studies subjects at SDN 2 Cikalang, Tawang District, Tasikmalaya City

Development of Kvisoft-Based Flipbook Learning Media on Learning Outcomes in Natural Sciences on the Human Circulatory System

Learning Natural Sciences (IPAS) at SD Negeri 01 Samong faces numerous shortcomings and obstacles, such as a lack of diverse learning resources and suboptimal use of media, which result in low student learning outcomes. This study aims to develop Kvisoft-based flipbook learning media for the Natural Sciences subject, specifically on the human circulatory system for grade V. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) using the Borg and Gall development model. The population in this study consisted of 57 students, with 12 subjects in a small-scale test in grade VI and 45 subjects in a large-scale test in grade V at SD Negeri 01 Samong. Data collection techniques used include tests (pretest and posttest) and non-test methods such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis. The validation results of the Kvisoft-based flipbook media were deemed "very feasible" by media experts with a percentage of 93%, material experts with a percentage of 85% (very feasible category), and language experts with a percentage of 81% (very feasible category). The response from teachers received a 100% rating, and the response from students received a 98% rating, both categorized as "very feasible." Based on the pretest and posttest results, the Kvisoft-based flipbook media was found to be effective in improving student learning outcomes, as evidenced by an increase in the average pretest score from 56.95 to 80.8 in the posttest results. The N-gain test results showed a value of 0.56, indicating a moderate category. From these results, it can be concluded that the Kvisoft-based flipbook media is effective for improving learning outcomes in Natural Sciences on the human circulatory system, and is feasible and practical for use in teaching grade V students at SD Negeri 01 Samong, Pemalang Regency

Wordwall Media and its Impact on Understanding Light Material in Class V Elementary School Science Subjects

Using technology for learning is really important. This research wants to see if using word wall media helps 5th-grade students understand light in science class. This research method is quantitative experimental quasi experimental design type Post-test only control group design. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The results of this research show the influence of the use of wordwall media on the understanding of light at Benerwetan State Elementary School and Kaibon State Elementary School. The normality test showed that the experimental class had a significance of 0.15 and the control class had a significance of 0.15, both greater than 0. 05 The homogeneity test showed a p-value of 0.47, which is higher than 0.05, and the hypothesis test showed a p-value of 0. 000, which is lower than 0. 05, so it can be concluded that there is an "influence of the use of wordwall learning media on understanding of light material in subjects Science at Benerwetan State Elementary School and Kaibon State Elementary School

The Influence of Play Based Learning Project on Learner Performance in Science and Elementary Technology and English Language Subjects

This study investigated the effects of Play-Based Learning (PBL) on student performance in Science and Elementary Technology (SET) and English language subjects at primary schools in Ruhango Sector, Ruhango District. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of play based learning on student performance of SET and English language subjects in Ruhango Sector, specifically the study focused on the effect of play based learning project, perception regarding the teacher’s roles on learner performance of SET and English language and establish the relationship between play-based learning project and learners’ performance of SET and English language subjects in primary school of Ruhango sector. The theories that guided research were Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a process designed to identify and eliminate constraints in organizational processes that hinder the achievement of organizational goals and Social Cognitive Theory is based on his central concept of self-efficacy. This study used a descriptive and correlational research designs. The target population was 150 people including headteachers and teachers. The sample size of was 96 teachers with backgrounds in SET and English language subjects and 12 headtechers. This study used questionnaire as a primary data source. The questionnaire involved written questions to which the teachers were required to write answers individually and interview guides were used to collect information from headteachers. Microsoft Office Excel was used for analyzing the results from the questionnaire and interview. The Pearson Correlation was used to test one hypothesis. The study concluded that Play Based Learning played an importance role in learner performance of Science and Elementary Technology and English language subjects through play-based activities. The research revealed a strong positive correlation between Project-Based Learning (PBL) initiatives and students' academic achievement in English language courses (r=.9650*, p=0.001). Similarly, a significant positive association was observed between Project-Based Learning (PBL) endeavours and learners' performance in Science, Elementary and Technology (SET) subjects (r=.9836*, p=0.001). The study recommends that teachers should regularly monitor content and adjust settings for individual learners. Finally, teachers should apply practices associated with engagement by determining if learner enjoy the game or want to play.

“It is easier to learn when you are out”: an ethnographic study of teaching science subjects through outdoor learning at compulsory school

AbstractPrevious research has shown that feeling engaged in schoolwork is crucial for pupils to achieve, but engagement and motivation decline with age in many countries. To address these issues, we consider it is important that how we conceive learning include opportunities for learning outside the classroom. This study aimed to explore pupils’ experiences of being taught science subjects using outdoor learning, including the learning they achieved. The research was conducted using an ethnographic research design, a useful method for research in this type of environment where a greater understanding of teaching and learning processes is sought, enabling researchers to explore events more deeply. The study took place during one school year and was conducted for pupils in grade 6 in a school on Sweden’s west coast. This study provides unique insights into how these teacher efforts to offer outdoor learning opportunities have improved pupils’ willingness to participate. Likewise, how the pupils have developed knowledge of and used scientific concepts and skills in different contexts became visible when the pupils were allowed to try, explore, be creative, and observe in real life contexts in various places. In addition, the pupils have been given opportunities to ask, discuss and reflect on questions about various phenomena and processes in nature and humans. From the pupils’ point of view, this has contributed to their easier understanding of the content of the science subjects. These results significantly improve science literacy for science subjects in a school context (Holbrook & Rannikmae, 2009).

Whole transcriptome analysis revealed the regulatory network and related pathways of non-coding RNA regulating ovarian atrophy in broody hens.

Poultry broodiness can cause ovarian atresia, which has a detrimental impact on egg production. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become one of the most talked-about topics in life sciences because of the increasing evidence of their novel biological roles in regulatory systems. However, the molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs functions and processes in chicken ovarian development remain largely unknown. Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing of the ovaries of broodiness and laying chickens was thus performed to identify the ncRNA regulatory mechanisms associated with ovarian atresia in chickens. Subsequent analysis revealed that the ovaries of laying chickens and those with broodiness had 40 differentially expressed MicroRNA (miRNAs) (15 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated), 379 differentially expressed Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) (213 up-regulated and 166 down-regulated), and 129 differentially expressed circular RNA (circRNAs) (63 up-regulated and 66 down-regulated). The competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network analysis further revealed the involvement of ECM-receptor interaction, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, renin secretion, gap junction, insulin secretion, serotonergic synapse, and IL-17 signaling pathways in broodiness. Upon further analysis, it became evident that THBS1 and MYLK are significant candidate genes implicated in the regulation of broodiness. The expression of these genes is linked to miR-155-x, miR-211-z, miR-1682-z, gga-miR-155, and gga-miR-1682, as well as to the competitive binding of novel_circ_014674 and MSTRG.3306.4. The findings of this study reveal the existence of a regulatory link between non-coding RNAs and their competing mRNAs, which provide a better comprehension of the ncRNA function and processes in chicken ovarian development.

Science journeys of Pacific learners: Myths and realities

There is concern in Aotearoa New Zealand that Pacific students, families, and communities are underserved by schooling. Of note is the inability of education to encourage and equitably enable Pacific students to follow a successful journey into science. To shed light on this situation, this article presents the stories of two young Pacific scientists who are now engaged in the health sector. Key elements include stereotypes, motivations, sacrifices, and teacher influence. The stories offer instructive examples of the “context behind the context”, offering guidance to teachers of Pacific students in science and other subjects.

Multiple institutions’ research findings using the National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank

Mesothelioma remains an under-researched cancerous disease due to the lack of high-quality patient samples and clinical information especially outcomes and asbestos exposure data. The National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank (NMVB) is a biobank in which mesothelioma annotated biospecimens can be made widely available to the research community. Here, we summarized the significant research findings from 20 publications that utilized the NMVB samples for novel biomarker and therapeutic discoveries. The results showed that the use of the NMVB resource was dispersed among a variety of basic science topics including, but not limited to, biomarkers, abnormal gene expression, and potential therapeutic targets. Positive biomarkers included several miRNAs and antibodies, HMGB1, ATG5, PIAS3, pancytokeratin and GATA3. Genes that had mutations or high/low levels of expression were BAP1, a human control gene of importance in this disease, as well as various cytokines, and checkpoint inhibitors TM4SF1, PKM2, ARHGDIA, COBLL1, WT1, FOXM1, and CD30. Treatments investigated include thiostrepton, interferon-β gene, and Brentuximab. Publications reviewed indicated a significant impact of the NMVB resource utilized in significant studies focusing on biomarker and therapeutic discoveries, which can act as a model for rare diseases, especially in oncology.

Dysexecutive symptomatology in everyday functioning and academic achievement in adolescents.

During the educational stage, academic achievement depends on various social, family, and personal factors. Among the latter, executive skills in everyday life play a significant role in dealing with the academic demands of adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study is to ascertain the effects of executive symptomatology in everyday functioning on academic achievement in adolescents. The study involved 910 students aged between 13 and 15 years (M = 14.09, SD = 0.68) from both public and private schools in the Community of Madrid. The DEX, BDEFS-CA, and BRIEF-SR questionnaires were utilised to assess executive difficulties, while grades in language, mathematics, and natural sciences were used as a measure of academic achievement. The data revealed statistically significant differences in working memory, emotional control, materials organisation, and task completion. In relation to language and natural sciences subjects. In the case of mathematics, emotional control and task completion were significant variables. Our results indicate that certain executive skills that are manifested in everyday life activities can contribute, albeit in a variable way, to academic achievement in the subjects studied. This aspect is relevant insofar as it allows us to develop preventive interventions based on the executive training of these everyday skills.