Topical Wound Research Articles

Антибактериальная терапия гнойных ран

В статье даны представления о применении антисептиков и антибиотиков для местного лечения гнойных ран. Показано их влияние на раневой процесс и его фазы. Изложены преимущества и недостатки антисептиков и антибиотиков при местном лечении гнойных ран. Представлен ряд рекомендаций по применению антисептиков и антибиотиков для местного лечения ран в зависимости от фаз раневого процесса.

Development and evaluation of drug delivery patch for topical wound healing application

Wound treatment remains a challenge to many clinicians because of the complexities of the wound healing process. With the astonishing progress of biomedical engineering during the past few decades, conventional drug delivery systems have been evolved into smart drug delivery systems with stimuli-responsive characteristics. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an electromechanically actuated drug dispensation device which can release active pharmaceutical compound in a controlled fashion. Additive manufacturing was employed to design and fabricate the device. Haptic technology was used to provide stimulation for drug release, and Cicatrin was used to evaluate the drug release patterns of device. Drug release study was comprised of in vitro drug release, static study, and the purpose of this study was to develop a compliance chart for different wound conditions. The effectiveness of shortlisted drug regimen from compliance chart was validated through microbial study and animal studies. The results of animal studies were compared with commercially available drug release systems. The results of drug release studies gave different dose regimens for different wound conditions. The effective dose regimen was able to create 1-cm-wide microbial zone of inhibitions. The wound healing rate of mice for commercially available release system for five consecutive days was 10%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 50% and for test device was 10%, 30%, 60%, 90% and 100%. Hence, the device proved its effectiveness and efficacy of dosage regimen for wound healing applications through in vitro, microbial and in vivo studies. In conclusion, this device proved to be an accurate and specific drug delivery system with improved medication and therapeutic outcomes for personalized medication.

Economic model to estimate cost of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation vs control therapies for hospitalised patients in the United States, Germany, and United Kingdom.

An economic model was developed to estimate the cost of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwelling of a topical wound solution vs control therapies. Economic model inputs were means derived from the results of a recently published systematic review and meta‐analysis of 13 comparative studies of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation. Means across studies comprising complex acute and chronic wounds for negative pressure wound therapy‐instillation vs control (negative pressure wound therapy without instillation, gauze dressings, or gentamicin polymethylmethacrylate beads) groups were 1.77 vs 2.69 operating room visits (P = .008) and 9.88 vs 21.80 therapy days (P = .02), respectively. These inputs plus hospital cost data were used to model costs for the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. For the United States, Germany, and United Kingdom, respectively, economic model estimates of total potential per patient savings were $33 338, €8467, and £5626 for negative pressure wound therapy‐instillation group vs control, based on assumed number of OR visits during therapy, cost of therapy system, and length of therapy. Model results showed an overall potential cost‐savings with negative pressure wound therapy‐instillation vs control, based on fewer OR visits and shorter therapy duration as reported in the published systematic review and meta‐analysis.

A randomized comparison study of conventional normal saline and silver nanocrystalline gel as topical wound dressings in non-healing wounds

Background: Non-healing wounds and chronic ulcers are being consequence of the abnormality in healing process and disturbance in the recovery pathway. Picking an ideal choice of topical application and dressing helps in enhancing the wound heal in addition to the antibiotics administration. To identify the outcome of topical dressing in chronic ulcers by using, silver nanocrystalline gel dressing (AgNP) and conventional normal saline dressing (NS).Methods: This study was an open label randomized study in patient with chronic non-healing wound. The wound healing outcomes of two different dressing methods were compared, which was evaluated by independent assessor. The primary outcome is area reduction of wound and duration of healing. The secondary outcome is the formation of healthy granulation, slough and discharge and wound site infection control.Results: The outcome of AgNP and conventional NS dressing was compared. The 100 patients with non-healing wounds were randomized in the ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome was study group had better area of reduction of 41.97% (SD-7.41) with statistical significance (p<0.0001) and mean duration of healing, 15.64 weeks. The secondary outcome of healthy granulation tissue and reduced slough and discharge at the end of 3 weeks with topical silver nanocrystalline dressing was significant. Conclusions: Topical silver nanocrystalline dressing shall be an effective dressing option to achieve apposite recovery of healing process in non-healing wounds.

Efficacy of Intra-Operative Topical Wound Anaesthesia to Mitigate Piglet Castration Pain-A Large, Multi-Centred Field Trial.

Simple SummaryPiglet castration causes pain and stress to the animal. Although desperately needed, there are complexities developing safe and effective methods of pain alleviation applicable for on-farm use. Topical anaesthesia, instilled to the wound during surgery, is a newly evolving on-farm method to mitigate castration pain. In the current study, we investigated the use of Tri-Solfen® (Animal Ethics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia), a topical local anaesthetic and antiseptic formulation, instilled to the wound during the procedure, to alleviate subsequent castration-related pain experienced in piglets. We performed a large, blind, multi-centred trial comparing pain in piglets castrated with or without Tri-Solfen®. Piglets treated with wound instillation of Tri-Solfen®, 30 s prior to subsequent castration, showed significantly lower pain-induced motor and vocal responses during the procedure. Acute post-operative pain-related behaviours, evident in piglets in the first 30 min following castration, were also significantly reduced in treated piglets compared with untreated piglets. Using this method, Tri-Solfen® provides an effective on-farm method to mitigate acute castration-related pain in young piglets. Piglet castration results in acute pain and stress to the animal. There is a critical need for effective on-farm methods of pain mitigation. Local anaesthesia using Tri-Solfen® (Animal Ethics Pty Ltd., Melbourne, Australia), a topical local anaesthetic and antiseptic formulation instilled to the wound during surgery, is a newly evolving on-farm method to mitigate castration pain. To investigate the efficacy of Tri-Solfen®, instilled to the wound during the procedure, to alleviate subsequent castration-related pain in neonatal piglets, we performed a large, negatively controlled, randomised field trial in two commercial pig farms in Europe. Piglets (173) were enrolled and randomised to undergo castration with or without Tri-Solfen®, instilled to the wound immediately following skin incision. A 30 s wait period was then observed prior to completing castration. Efficacy was investigated by measuring pain-induced motor and vocal responses during the subsequent procedure and post-operative pain-related behaviour in treated versus untreated piglets. There was a significant reduction in nociceptive motor and vocal response during castration and in the post-operative pain-related behaviour response in Tri-Solfen®-treated compared to untreated piglets, in the first 30 min following castration. Although not addressing pain of skin incision, Tri-Solfen® is effective to mitigate subsequent acute castration-related pain in piglets under commercial production conditions.

English

BACKGROUND Wounds and their management are important in the practice of surgery. Super oxidised solution is a recent concept in wound management. It is an aqueous solution which is electrochemically processed which is non-toxic, non-irrigating and is having a neutral pH. Povidone iodine is the most common topical wound care product used in surgical practice. Both are affordable solutions for the patients. There are very few studies comparing the efficacy. In this study, we wanted to compare the efficacy of super oxidised solution and povidone iodine in the management of lower limb ulcers. METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients who were randomized into two groups. Group A was treated with super oxidized solution and Group B were treated with povidone iodine. Assessments of wounds were done on various days (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21). Various outcomes of data were analysed using statistical analysis. RESULTS The average percentage reduction in wound size on day 21 was 47 % in Group A compared to 24 % in Group B. Early appearance of granulation tissue, disinfection, decrease in wound size, and less duration of hospital stay was achieved in Group A. CONCLUSIONS The results were more favourable towards super oxidised solution than povidone iodine. In this comparative study, super oxidized solution had faster efficacy and wound healing in patients than povidone iodine. KEY WORDS Super Oxidized Solution, Ulcer, Povidone Iodine.

Efficacy of a Topical Wound Agent Methanesulfonic Acid and Dimethylsulfoxide on In Vitro Biofilms.

A topical desiccating wound agent containing methanesulfonic acid, dimethylsulfoxide and amorphous silica was evaluated in three in vitro models for its efficacy against biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-15442) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538). The in vitro biofilm models used were; the MBEC Assay®, Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Biofilm Reactor® and a Semi-solid biofilm model. A 30-s exposure of a topical wound desiccating agent was used in each model. A complete eradication of viable cells was demonstrated in all models for both strains (p < 0.0001). Imaging with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed where possible. All three models demonstrated complete eradication of viable cells with a 30 s application of a topical wound desiccating agent.

Topical Wound Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Oxygen is a critical component of many biological processes and is essential for wound healing. Chronic wounds are typically characterized as being hypoxic in that the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the center of the wound is often below a critical threshold necessary to fully support those enzymatic processes necessary for tissue repair. Providing supplemental oxygen can effectively raise pO2 levels to better optimize functioning of these essential enzymes. While hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been well studied in this regard, comparative clinical studies have fallen short of providing clear evidence in support of this modality for healing chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Topical oxygen therapy (TOT) has been in clinical use for over 50 years with encouraging pre-clinical and clinical studies that have shown improved healing rates when compared to standard care. Nonetheless, TOT has heretofore been discounted as an unproven wound healing modality without theoretical or clinical evidence to support its use. This review shall provide a brief summary of the role of oxygen in wound healing and, specifically, discuss the different types of topical oxygen devices and associated studies that have convincingly shown their efficacy in healing chronic DFUs. The time has come for topical oxygen therapy to be embraced as a proven adjunctive modality in this regard.

Evaluation of the wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. rhizome with excision wound model in Wistar rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceBergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. is a plant growing in the Himalayan region of India where locals use its rhizomes for a variety of disease conditions including wounds and fractures. Although some of its pharmacological benefits have been documented, scientific validation of its wound healing property has not been done so far. Aim of the studyTo ensure use of this natural remedy as an alternative therapy to the faster wound healing, this study evaluated the wound healing activity of the ethanolic extract of Bergenia ciliata rhizome using excision wound model in Wistar rats. Material and methodsFour groups (n = 10) of rats were subjected to different topical wound regimens for 14 days. Simple paraffin-lanolin ointment was applied to the control group rats. One group was applied povidone-iodine 10% (w/w) ointment. The other two groups were treated with ointment of ethanolic extract of Bergenia ciliata at 5 or 10% (w/w) rhizome, respectively. Blood and wound tissue samples were collected on 7th and 14th day of treatment and were correspondingly subjected to histopathology, and the assays of L-hydroxyproline, D-glucosamine, antioxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines. ResultsWound histology revealed increased collagenation, re-epithelialization and neovascularization while decreased bacterial colonies in the treatment groups. These histological changes and wound contraction were better in the 10% Bergenia ciliata group. Tissue L-hydroxyproline levels, blood enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were increased in the treatment groups. On 7th day of treatment glucosamine levels increased in the treatment groups, while as a reverse trend was observed on day 14. Plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased in the treatment groups. ConclusionsThe results indicate that treatment with Bergenia ciliata extract ointment provides satisfactory wound healing which is comparable to that of the standard wound healing ointment, povidone-iodine and is surpassing simple lanolin-paraffin ointment. The improved wound healing, especially in the 10% Bergenia ciliata groups, can be attributed to satisfactory profile of the above studied parameters in these treatment groups which is also construed by the phytochemical analysis of its extract revealing the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds gallic acid, catechin, quercetin and rutin as the major active components.

Management of Acute and Chronic Wounds Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy With Instillation and Dwell Time: A Retrospective Review of a 100-Patient Cohort in Padova, Italy.

The presence of debris covering a wound surface significantly impedes progression toward closure. Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d) of topical wound solutions is a versatile tool that can be applied to various wound types to promote wound healing. At the University Hospital of Padova in Padova, Italy, NPWTi-d has been incorporated into wound management plans that include debridement and antibiotic therapy, as necessary, for a diverse population of patients with open wounds, including acute, chronic, and infected wounds. A retrospective analysis of 100 patients (53 male, 47 female; age range, 22-95 years) who underwent NPWTi-d was performed, and key healing outcomes observed in subgroups differentiated by sex, wound etiology, initial wound size, and topical instillation solution were reported. Wound types included vascular ulcers, surgical wounds, dehiscences, and trauma; anatomic location of the wounds varied. Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (0.05% sodium hypochlorite, normal saline, or 0.25% acetic acid) was implemented with a dwell time of 3 minutes to 10 minutes, followed by a negative pressure cycle length of 2 hours to 3.5 hours at -75 mm Hg to -125 mm Hg. Dressings were changed approximately every 3 days. After a median of 11 days (range, 1-35 days), the wound surface area significantly decreased (P <.0001), percentage of infected wounds declined from 72% to 46%, and wound closure was attained in 91% of cases. A significant reduction in wound surface area was detected in both sexes, small- and medium-sized wounds, vascular ulcers, surgical wounds, dehiscences, trauma wounds, and pressure ulcers (P <.05). This effect was detected in wounds regardless of topical instillation solution (P <.0001). This study showed that NPWTi-d is a valuable treatment option in a variety of circumstances and can help the clinician achieve a range of therapy goals based on individual patient needs.

Chloramphenicol Loaded Sponges Based on PVA/Nanocellulose Nanocomposites for Topical Wound Delivery

In the present study, polymer sponges based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared for the topical wound administration of chloramphenicol (CHL), an antibiotic widely used to treat bacterial infections. Nanocellulose fibrils (CNF) were homogenously dispersed in PVA sponges in three different ratios (2.5, 5, and 10 wt %) to improve the mechanical properties of neat PVA sponges. Infrared spectroscopy showed hydrogen bond formation between CNF and PVA, while scanning electron microscopy photos verified the successful dispersion of CNF to PVA sponges. The addition of CNF successfully enhanced the mechanical properties of PVA sponges, exhibiting higher compressive strength as the content of CNF increased. The PVA sponge containing 10 wt % CNF, due to its higher compression strength, was further studied as a matrix for CHL delivery in 10, 20, and 30 wt % concentration of the drug. X-ray diffraction showed that CHL was encapsulated in an amorphous state in the 10 and 20 wt % samples, while some crystallinity was observed in the 30 wt % ratio. In vitro dissolution studies showed enhanced CHL solubility after its incorporation in PVA/10 wt % CNF sponges. Release profiles showed a controlled release lasting three days for the sample containing 10 wt % CHL and 1.5 days for the other two samples. According to modelling, the release is driven by a pseudo-Fickian diffusion.

Screening of Surfactants for Improved Delivery of Antimicrobials and Poly-Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid Particles in Wound Tissue.

Topical wound management is often a challenge due to the poor penetration of antimicrobials in wound tissue and across the biofilm matrix where bacteria are embedded. Surfactants have been used for decades to improve the stability of formulations, increase drug solubility, and enhance penetration. In this study, we screened different detergents with respect to their cytotoxicity and their ability to improve the penetration of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) particles in wound tissue. Among the tested surfactants, Kolliphor SLS and Tween 80 increased the penetration of PLGA particles and had a limited cytotoxicity. Then, these surfactants were used to formulate PLGA particles loaded with the poorly water-soluble antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The antimicrobial efficacy of the formulations was tested in a wound infection model based on human ex vivo skin. We found that even though PLGA particles had the same antimicrobial efficiency than the particle-free drug formulation, thanks to their solubilizing and anti-biofilm properties, the surfactants remarkably improved the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin with respect to the drug formulation in water. We conclude that the use of Tween 80 in antimicrobial formulations might be a safe and efficient option to improve the topical antimicrobial management of chronic wound infections.

Curcumin, the active substance of turmeric: its effects on health and ways to improve its bioavailability.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a spice utilized widely in India, China, and Southeast Asia as an aromatic stimulant, a food preservative, and coloring material. The commonly used names of turmeric are castor saffron, turmeric, and saffron root. Turmeric is a yellow-orange polyphenolic natural substance derived from C. longa rhizomes. It has been used to treat common inflammatory diseases, tumors, biliary diseases, anorexia, cough, topical wounds, diabetic injuries, liver disorders, rheumatism, and sinusitis. Extensive studies on the biological properties and pharmacological consequences of turmeric extracts have been conducted in recent years. Curcumin, the primary yellow biocomponent of turmeric, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifibrotic, immunomodulatory, and antifungal properties. Defense assessment tests showed that curcumin is tolerated well at high doses, without adverse effects. Thus, curcumin is a highly active biological material with the potential to treat different diseases in modern medicine. This review article focuses on curcumin's biological characteristics. The most popular methods for curcumin encapsulation are also discussed. Several effective techniques and approaches have been proposed for curcuminoid capsulation, including nanocomplexing, gelation, complex coacervation, electrospraying, and solvent-free pH-driven encapsulation. This review also highlights curcumin's chemical properties, allowing the readers to expand their perspectives on its use in the development of functional products with health-promoting properties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Structures of paediatric pain management: a PERUKI service evaluation study

BackgroundPain is very common in childhood emergency department (ED) attendances, but is under-recognised and undertreated. Sequential national paediatric analgesia audits demonstrate suboptimal outcomes in several domains. The Donabedian framework examines...

Selective point-of-care detection of pathogenic bacteria using sialic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles

In resource-limited settings, fast and simple point-of-need tests should facilitate healthcare providers the identification of pathogens avoiding empirical suboptimal treatments with broad-spectrum antibiotics. A rapid optical whole cell bacterial biosensor has been here developed using sialic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles allowing the selective screening of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300 and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442) by selecting the appropriate dispersing media. Those bacteria were selected due to their common presence in wound bed tissue of chronic infected topical wounds. The discrimination of bacterial pathogens has been attempted in different media including water, two independent buffers, bacterial broth, human serum and human urine. The identification of Gram + bacterial pathogens was also assessed under simultaneous co-culture of S. Aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. High bacterial loads were required to provide with a statistically significant optical pathogen identification in human serum whereas it was not possible to detect the presence of bacteria at clinically relevant levels in urine.

126-LB: Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Therapeutic Agent Cytoreg in Patients with Diabetic Foot: A Clinical Humanitarian Protocol

Diabetic foot wound complications, including bacterial infections, ulcerations, and gangrene, are a major cause of hospitalizations and account for 85% of diabetic amputations. The investigational therapeutic agent Cytoreg®, an aqueous mixture of hydrofluoric, hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, phosphoric, citric, and oxalic acids, was recently shown to increase arterial oxygen levels in an orally administered Wistar rat model. It previously demonstrated bactericidal effect. Under a compassionate use protocol, we tested oral and topical treatment with diluted Cytoreg in patients with diabetic foot ulcers in a 30-day study in Venezuela. The total study population was ten patients under informed consent. On average, all patients received oral Cytoreg daily for 30 days. Five patients received oral Cytoreg plus topical wound cleansing with Cytoreg in isotonic saline. In addition to standard clinical observations, wound healing was monitored using the St. Elian’s checklist system. Four of five patients in the oral plus topical group had complete closure of their wounds after thirty days. Two of the patients in the oral group had complete wound closure. There was no significant change in oxygen saturation in the affected tissues, nor in insulin and glycemia levels. However, there were significant increases in arterial hemoglobin and arterial oxygen-pO2- were observed. Significant decreases HbA1c, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, creatinine, and urea levels were also observed. The overall results are encouraging and justify an expanded study in the treatment of diabetic foot wounds. Disclosure D. A. Carrillo: Research Support; Self; Cytorex Biosciences Inc. K. Villasana: None. G. Torres: Research Support; Self; Cytorex Bioscience Inc. L. J. Pozo: None. W. J. Jimenez: Board Member; Self; Cytorex Biosciences Inc. W. E. Bauta: Advisory Panel; Self; Cytorex Biosciences, Vascular Perfusion Solutions, Employee; Self; bioAffinity Technologies. L. Dugarte: None.

Effect of a Topical Formulation on Infective Viral Load in Lambs Naturally Infected with Orf Virus.

IntroductionOrf is a highly contagious eruptive viral disease of the skin and mucosa of sheep and goats. Although vaccination with live or attenuated orf virus is the preferred option for disease control, the vaccine is unavailable in many countries. Treatment of orf lesions involves standard hygiene and in numerous cases, management of presumptive secondary infections with antibiotics, increasing risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The wound dressing formulation Tri-Solfen® containing two local anaesthetics (lignocaine and bupivacaine), adrenaline and an antiseptic (cetrimide) in a gel formulation was developed for pain relief in sheep undergoing surgical husbandry procedures in Australia. Recently, TS therapy was found to reduce suffering and enhance recovery in cattle and buffalo with oral and skin lesions due to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus infection. It was noted that TS has a low pH and is potentially viricidal, potentially aiding disease control.MethodsOne-month-old lambs (n=14), naturally infected with orf, were recruited from a farm during a natural outbreak of the disease. The animals were selected at the early stages of the infection and randomly divided into two cohorts: Group A (n=11) treated with the topical wound gel formulation (TS); and Group B (n=3) an untreated control group. Swabs were obtained before treatment (T0) and on days one (T1), 3 (T2) and 5 (T3) post-treatment, then submitted to direct DNA extraction with real-time PCR quantification, plus incubation with primary tissue cultures from ovine skin fibroblasts (OSF) and T-immortalized goat embryonic fibroblasts (TIGEF).ResultsAlthough no significant differences were found in the clinical progression of the lesions and PCR quantification (p=0.722) between these small cohorts, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in reduction in infective viral load between the groups when assessed in OSF cell cultures between T0 and T3.ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest that treatment of early stage lesions with this TS may reduce the infective viral load present in orf lesions.

Examining the effect of wound cleansing on the microbiome of venous stasis ulcers.

Common treatment for venous leg wounds includes topical wound dressings with compression. At each dressing change, wounds are debrided and washed; however, the effect of the washing procedure on the wound microbiome has not been studied. We hypothesized that wound washing may alter the wound microbiome. To characterize microbiome changes with respect to wound washing, swabs from 11 patients with chronic wounds were sampled before and after washing, and patient microbiomes were characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing and culturing. Microbiomes across patient samples prior to washing were typically polymicrobial but varied in the number and type of bacterial genera present. Proteus and Pseudomonas were the dominant genera in the study. We found that washing does not consistently change microbiome diversity but does cause consistent changes in microbiome composition. Specifically, washing caused a decrease in the relative abundance of the most highly represented genera in each patient cluster. The finding that venous leg ulcer wound washing, a standard of care therapy, can induce changes in the wound microbiome is novel and could be potentially informative for future guided therapy strategies.

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) oil topical formulation with liquid crystals ensconcing depot water for anti-inflammatory, wound healing and anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activities

Constituents of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem), have antimicrobial, cell proliferative, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. In the present study, neem seed oil is emulsified with an alkyl polyglucoside, Montanov 202™, to produce a topical applicant with liquid crystals that ensconce depot as confirmed by polarised microscopic, thermal and WXRD studies. Anti-inflammatory investigations by paw edema model, with this topical applicant in female Wistar rats showed inhibition of paw swelling by 39–60% over 30–180 min when compared to untreated animals. Similarly, wounds induced by incision procedure also had a significantly higher breaking strength (353.46 ± 7.95 g) when treated with this applicant after induction. Further, upon similar application, contraction was significantly higher (95% by 16th day) in wounds induced by excision procedures, with a re-epithelization period of 10.21 ± 2.31 days. Histopathology of these skin sections showed accelerated healing with development of dermis/epidermis and collagen with results that were synchronous to neomycin treated positive control rats. This applicant was also able to inhibit the growth of methicillin resistant S. aureus strains as shown by in vitro studies. It is inferred that the depot water ensconced in its liquid crystals synergistically supports the bioactivity of neem oil constituents to aid the healing of topical wounds as effectually as synthetic antibiotics. Simultaneous protection against MRSA induced wound infections serves as an additional advantage of this neem oil topical applicant.

Topical Wound Healing, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Mimosa pudica Linn root Extracted using n-Hexane Followed by Methanol, Fortified in Ointment Base

Mimosa pudica Linn is an ornamental perennial herb belonging to the taxonomic group of Magnoliopsida and family Leguminaceae. Besides its ornamental use, Mimosa pudica is also a popular plant among folk healers to treat several diseases including bleeding disorders such as menorrhagia, dysentry with blood, mucus and piles, and wound healing. In this study, roots of Mimosa pudica was successively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol to evaluate the folkloric assert of plant in view of antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound healing potential. Methanolic extract showed concentration dependent elevation in inhibition for radical scavenging assay following dpph with maximum effect of 73.43% against standard ascorbic acid equivalent to 250 µg/ml, however IC50 of extract with n-hexane and ethyl acetate exhibited relatively poor antioxidant efficacy. Minimum inhibitory concentration demonstrated higher inhibitory action in range of 1.25-0.625 mg/ml against tested gram positive Staphylococcus aureus -MTCC737, and Bacillus subtilis-MTCC110 and 2.5 mg/ml for gram negative Salmonella typhi-MTCC15442, Escherichia coli-MTCC118 micro-organism for methanolic extract compared to ethyl acetate extract, however hexane extract showed MIC &gt; 2.5 mg/ml. Among the tested solvent system for column chromatography, fractionation with diethyl ether: methanol (1:4) demonstrated single clear spot with Rf value 0.72 for methanolic extract indicated presence of flavonoid as major phytoconstituents. The results of spectral analysis following fourier transform spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy for purified isolated compound confirmed identity of isolated flavonoid from methanolic fraction with chemical name 7,8,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxy-flavone. Thus, overall results demonstrated that Mimosa pudica root extract have potential antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, the Mimosa pudica root extracted with n-hexane followed by methanol fortified in a pharmaceutical formulation ointment base demonstrated excellent wound healing efficacy compared to marketed povidone-iodine ointment. Therefore, traditional claim for the use of Mimosa pudica root as potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound healer in topical drug delivery have been proven by the present study.