Topical Gel Formulation Research Articles

Formulation and Characterization of Phythosomal Topical Gel of Ocimum Basilicum

The core objective of the present study was to formulate and characterize Ocimum Basilicum topical phytosomal gel. Ocimum basilicum is an important traditional medicinal plant. Some investigations reported that it showed the antimicrobial and wound healing activity. Phytosomes are vesicular drug delivery system which has proved to be beneficial in providing good absorption and better bioavailability over the herbal conventional extracts. The phytosomes were formulated using Ocimum basilicum extract. The formulated phytosomes were characterized using various methods like entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, stability studies, drug content, in-vitro drug diffusion studies, anti-microbial activity and SEM. The topical phytosomal gel of ocimum basilicum was prepared. The formulated gel was evaluated pH, Spreadability, Extrudability, Drug content, in-vitro drug diffusion study and drug release kinetics. The stability studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines. The prepared phytosomal gel was safe, convenient, efficient and also showed better penetration into the skin. Thus, it can be concluded that the topical phytosomal gel may serve as promising dosage form in the treatment of microbial effect.

Chlormethine Gel for the Treatment of Mycosis Fungoides Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: In Vitro Release and Permeation Testing.

IntroductionThe DNA-alkylating agent chlormethine (CL, or mechlorethamine) is approved in several countries worldwide as a 0.016% w/w topical CL gel formulation, to treat mycosis fungoides cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, with a positive benefit/risk ratio.MethodsRelease profiles of CL from the gel and a compounded ointment-based 0.016% CL formulation were compared via in vitro release testing (IVRT), utilizing static diffusion cells, a pseudo-infinite dose, and polytetrafluoroethylene membranes, over 5 h. The percutaneous absorption profile of CL gel in ex vivo human skin was also examined, using in vitro permeation testing (IVPT) with flow-through diffusion cells, dermatomed skin (epidermis plus dermis) and epidermal membranes, a finite dose, over 24 h.ResultsIn IVRT experiments, the mean ± SD CL release rate was significantly higher for the gel versus the ointment (5.70 ± 0.73 versus 2.38 ± 1.03 μg/cm2/√h); the formulations were inequivalent per the US Food and Drug Administration scale-up and postapproval changes for nonsterile semisolid dosage forms (FDA SUPAC-SS) criteria. Mean IVPT cumulative CL (gel) permeating through epidermal membrane was higher than for dermatomed skin (4.6% versus 2.5% of applied dose). Mean residual CL on the epidermal membrane surface was 1.3% of the applied dose.ConclusionsCL gel (0.016%) and ointment were inequivalent, with an optimized release profile, suggesting minimal passage of CL gel through human epidermal tissue to the dermis.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13555-022-00813-y.

Design, Formulation, and Evaluation of Aloe vera Gel-Based Capsaicin Transemulgel for Osteoarthritis

Topical treatments are a potential therapeutic option for the therapy of osteoarthritis, with significant data supporting the effectiveness and safety of topical formulation. Topical gel formulations may offer an alternative to oral formulations to relieve osteoarthritis (OA) pain while decreasing systemic exposure. Topical capsaicin transemulgel may represent an effective and safe alternative. The transemulgel was prepared from aqueous Aloe vera gel and Carbopol 934 with capsaicin in clove oil emulsion. The optimized transemulgel of capsaicin showed a pH of 6.1 ± 0.1 and viscosity of 15263–998 cps. Data from in vitro diffusion demonstrated improved permeability properties. The formulation caused no skin irritation when applied topically. The optimal transemulgel spreadability was found to be 20.23 g·cm/s. In vitro and ex vivo studies of the optimized formulation were performed. The skin irritant test was performed on rat skin with an optimized and marketed formulation. Both showed no irritation on the skin. The transemulgel of the capsaicin with Aloe vera gel was proven to be effective for osteoarthritis therapy.

Formulation and evaluation of nano-particulate topical gel containing Celecoxib

The present research work describes formulation and evaluation of celecoxib containing gel using transdermal delivery. Transdermal potential of nanoparticulate gel was investigated using in-vitro and in-vivo study. In present study procured drug samples were investigated under preformulation studies. For development of nanparticles containing celecoxib, nanoprecipitation method is used. The formulated nanoparticles were evaluated for different parameters such as zeta potential, particle size, % entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release, SEM and stability studies. The formulated nanoparticles were formulated as gel using carbopol. Formulated carbopol gels were characterized for appearance, spreadability, pH, viscosity, drug content, consistency index and ex-vivo drug release, in-vitro drug release. Formulated gels were evaluated for in-vitro studies (skin irritation and skin permeation). Further evaluated for stability studies as per ICH guidelines, results of stability studies reveled that both the formulated gels were found to be stable at stuied temperatures.

Design and Characterization of Fluconazole Loaded Nanosponges Containing Topical Gel Preparation

The main aim and objective of this research was to develop and evaluate Fluconazole loaded nanosponges and formulate them as suitable topical gels for delivering the drug systemically after topical application. Fluconazole (FLZ) is a potent triazole anti fungistatic drug; topical administration of novel Fluconazole resulted in systemic absorption, for improved therapeutic effect and better dispersibility as compared to conventional topical formulation. Fluconazole (FLZ) nanosponges prepared by using emulsion solvent diffusion method to improve topical permeation. Nanosponges were formulated successfully using ethyl cellulose and Eudragit RS 100 as polymer, polyvinyl alcohol as the surfactant, and dichloromethane as solvent. The optimised batch of fluconazole loaded nanosponges used to prepare topical gel using different concentrations of carbopol gel. The prepared nanosponges were evaluated by various tests like production yield, drug entrapment efficiency, FTIR, particle size, zeta potential, SEM study. The entrapment efficiency and production yield were excellent. Based on the entrapment efficiency and production yield,out of ten formulations batches of nanosponges was evaluated and from that batch F3 was optimised.Optimized batch F3 containing FLZ and EC in the ratio of 1:3 showed optimum physicochemical and release characteristics. The optimised batch F3 of ethyl cellulose shows highest entrapment efficiency as 97.97% and production yield as 93.85% resp. A complex Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study examines the formation in the nanosponge structure. The nanosponges had particle size in the range of 234.95 to 374.26 nm. The Zeta Potential was strong enough to produce stable formulations. The zeta potential of optimised batch nanosponges was found to be - 25.05. SEM analysis of optimized batch F3 confirms that nanosponges were spherical in size with a porous and smooth surface. The formulated fluconazole topical gel were characterized for pH, actual drug content, viscosity, spreadability, In -Vitro drug release study. The in -vitro drug release showed maximum drug release of topical gel i.e. 88.34% in 8 hours. The present study demonstrates that, an antifungal drug Fluconazole is formulated in the form of nanosponges topical gel for the antifungal activity and can be best suitable approach in novel drug delivery system than conventional gel. Hence it is concluded that above topical gel formulation of fluconazole loaded nanosponges can be used in treatment of fungal infection.

LB992 NTX-2009, a novel charged sodium channel blocker has significant anti-inflammatory activity in an atopic dermatitis model and produces sustained inhibition of chloroquine-induced itch

Charged sodium channel blockers (CSCBs) such as NTX-2009 do not cross membranes, and selectively inhibit sensory nerves by gaining access to nociceptors through large pore channels (eg TRPV1, TRPA1) that are open due to inflammation. Evidence suggests that sensory nerves transmit itch and pain signals to the CNS and play an important role in driving the immune response in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. We examined whether NTX-2009 blockade of sodium channels in skin sensory nerves would have anti-inflammatory activity as well as anti-pruritic effects in models of atopic dermatitis (AD). A topical gel formulation of NTX-2009 was tested for its ability to inhibit chloroquine (CQ)-induced scratching. Injection of CQ produced an eight-fold increase in the scratching duration compared to saline injected mice. NTX-2009 gel (0.1 - 1.0%) applied 3 hours before CQ injection dose dependently decreased scratching duration, with 0.3% producing a 73% inhibition and 1% a complete inhibition. The duration of action of 1% NTX-2009 was characterized with >70% reduction in the scratching response maintained out to 15 hrs. NTX-2009 (0.3% gel QD) was evaluated in the calcipotriol model of AD. Calcipotriol (CP) was administered to mice once daily for 10 days and ruxolitinib (10 mM, QD) was used as a positive control. Experimental endpoints were skin clinical score (erythema, edema and desquamation), gene expression and histology. NTX-2009 significantly reduced the clinical score producing a greater effect than ruxolitinib. CP increased IL-4 gene expression while decreasing Filaggrin-2 expression. Both effects were significantly reversed by NTX-2009 and ruxolitinib. Dermal thickness and mast cell infiltration produced by CP were both inhibited by NTX-2009 and ruxolitinib. This data demonstrates the anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic potential of a new class of CSCBs, such as NTX-2009.

Formulation development, in vitro and in vivo assessment of Diclofenac diethylamine nanosponge loaded topical formulation

The present work was performed with the objective of novel topical formulation development of poorly water-soluble drug Diclofenac diethylamine by loading the drug-containing nanosponge into the topical formulation. The nanosponges are polymeric nanoparticles that entrap the drug. The drug-loaded nanosponge has different absorption characteristics in comparison to the pure drug in the topical drug delivery system. Methods: The drug was first loaded in the ethylcellulose nanosponge using the emulsion solvent diffusion method. Then Diclofenac diethylamine nanosponge-loaded topical gel formulations were developed by using Carbopol 940 as a gel-forming polymer. Result: The Diclofenac diethylamine-loaded nanosponges were evaluated for various evaluation parameters such as particle size distribution, surface morphology, drug entrapment efficiency, polydispersity index, etc. The topical gel formulations were evaluated for pH, in vitro drug release, viscosity, in vivo performance and compared with the marketed formulation. The average size of prepared nanosponge formulations was found in the range of 102.8 nm to 475.5 nm. Scanning electron microscopy photographs of developed formulations reveal the spongy and porous nature of particles along with spherical shape. The polydispersity index (PI) was found in the range of 0.756 to 0.954.

A Review on Formulation and Evaluation of Nanoniosomal Topical gel of Paclitaxel for skin cancer

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and one of the major public health problems. Despite the great advances in cancer therapy, the incidence and mortality rates of cancer remain high. Therefore, the goal for more efficient and less toxic cancer treatment strategies is still at the forefront of current research. Despite these efforts, cancer drug research remains a remarkably challenging field, and therapeutic innovations have not yet achieved expected clinical results. However, the physiopathology of the disease is now better understood, and the discovery of novel molecular targets has refreshed the expectations of developing improved treatments. Paclitaxel (PCT) is a chemotherapeutic agent used as a first-line treatment for a wide range of cancers, such as lung, ovarian, breast, prostate, head, and neck cancers, and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. Currently, the marketed forms of Paclitaxel are intravenous formulations. Oral administration of Paclitaxel is unfortunately hampered due to its low bioavailability. This is explained by its low aqueous solubility, low permeability, high affinity for cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein. As another approach, drug carrier systems are extensively studied to enhance oral Paclitaxel bioavailability and reduce side effects. The niosomes provides several important advantages over conventional drug therapy. Structurally, niosomes are similar to liposomes, in that they are also made up of a bilayer. However, the bilayer in the case of niosomes is made up of non-ionic surface-active agents rather than phospholipids as seen in case of liposomes. Niosome nanoparticles are among these drug delivery systems, which have numerous applications in drug delivery and targeting. Niosomes are frequently used for loading drugs serving different purposes (e.g., anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial agents). The aim of this review is to evaluate the extent of nanotherapeutics used in anti-cancer activity.

Design, Formulation and Evaluation of Diclofenac Diethylamine Gel

The goal of this study was to produce a topical gel formulation of Diclofenac diethylamine using various gelling agents, such as carbopol 934, Sodium Carboxy methyl cellulose, and alovera extract, to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects associated with oral administration. Topical medication administration can be accomplished by integrating into the gel matrix, preventing first-pass metabolism and allowing for greater local action in anti-inflammatory and analgesic purpose. The gel formulations were tested for homogeneity, grittiness, viscosity, pH, spreadability, drug content, in vitro drug release and release kinetics. The effects of polymer composition on the rate of drug release from the gel formulations were examined through dialysis membrane at 37º ± 0.5ºC. The gel formulation consisting of alovera extract (F3) was found to be suitable for topical application based on in vitro evaluation. These results suggest the feasibility of the topical gel formulation of Diclofenac diethylamine.

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Formula Gel for Dermatitis and Inflammations

Skin allergy is a widespread skin problem at the level of different ages, and it occurs when an irritant comes into contact with the skin, and immune system believes it is under attack, so it overreacts and sends antibodies to help fight invaders. Oral corticosteroids are used to treat the symptoms caused by all kinds of allergic reactions. Long-term use may cause many side effects, such as white water on the eyes, brittleness, weak bones, and stomach ulcers and an increase in blood sugar (glucose) and growth retardation for children. Oral corticosteroids may also worsen high blood pressure. This study has the advantage of designing and testing new topical formulas with standard kinetics and efficacy properties by combining tocopherol with glycolate in addition to antihistamines (phenylephrine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine) to form a Noder formula for the treatment of hypersensitivity. The current study was formulated to manufacture the Noder formula which was submitted to extensive investigations and analyzes by four important models. The results showed that the Noder formula has the ideal physical properties and the absorption is higher than the commercial formula and it has stability for a period of 24 months. The therapeutic efficiency in reducing the degree of redness and sensitivity was 60% compared to 56% in the commercial formula, as well as the clinical safety parameters are better from its comparison of general results, there is a significant increase in absorptivity, efficacy, safety, and consistency of the formula Noder compared to the commercial formula.

Perspective Impact of Gelling Agents on the Mechanistic Behavior for the Topical Delivery of Flufenamic Acid Nano-Ethosomal Dispersion

Objective: This work involves the preparation and in vitro characterization of a topical gel formulation that is capable of deep skin permeation, providing the anti-inflammatory effect for the optimum nano ethosomal dispersion formula. Methods: The optimum ethosomal dispersion was prepared (in our laboratory) by utilizing 3% flufenamic acid (FA), 30% ethanol, 1% phosphatidylcholine (PC), 10% propylene glycol, and 1% cholesterol by cold method and 20 minutes’ ultra-sonication. Four ethosomal gel formulas (G1-G4) were prepared by using carbopol 934 and carbopol 940 at 1% and 1.5% concentration at a 1:1 ratio as a gelling agent. These formulas were further subjected to in vitro characterization to assess their physical appearance, consistency, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug release, and ex-vivo skin permeation and deposition. Results: The results revealed that the formula (G1) demonstrated the best homogeneity, consistency, and spreadability as well as an initial release of 68.53% after 10 hours, that continued up to 89.36% after 24 hours, and a significantly higher drug release percentage at pH 7.4 than pH 5.5 with substantially higher ex vivo abdominal rat skin permeation (60.74%) and deposition percentages (36.87%%) in comparison to flufenamic acid plain gel prepared conventionally which demonstrated 23.73% and 14.96% skin permeation and deposition percentages after 24 hours. Conclusion: This work was successful in preparing a novel topical gel using ethosomal nanocarriers, promoting efficient topical skin delivery of the anti-inflammatory FA with a once-daily application, which improved patient compliance.

Formulation and evaluation of topical gel containing combination of dapsone and acetazolamide

The idea of innovation is to formulate a gel containing the combination of Dapsone and Acetazolamide for the treatment of Angioedema. Dapsone being a sulfone has antibacterial and antibiotic properties whereas Acetazolamide has a Diuretic property. So, a combination of these drugs helps to obtain a formulation with antibacterial, antibiotic and diuretic effect for the treatment of Angioedema. Various excipients such as a gelling agent, preservative, solubilizing agent etc. are used to form a stable and flawless gel formulation. The gel formulation prepared is used in the treatment of Angioedema that is a rapid oedema or swelling at specific areas such as face, genitals, hands, feet’s etc. The formulation has a comparatively greater effect for treatment of angioedema. Marketed formulations in treatment of angioedema have a specific action on the body such as antibiotic or diuretic whereas this new formulated gel has a combination of drugs that have a dual effect for the treatment of Angioedema. The swelling caused by the disease and the spread of infection is more effectively treated by this combination used in the gel formulation.

Formulation and evaluation of a topical gel containing dapsone and fexofenadine HCl

Topical drug administration is a localized method of delivering drugs to specific areas of the body via topical channels such as ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal, and cutaneous. The major route of topical medication delivery is through the skin, which is one of the most easily accessible organs on the human body for topical drug administration. The present investigation involves formulation of topical gel using Dapsone and Fexofenadine HCl. For the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria, Dapsone is an effective and well-tolerated second-line treatment. Topical Dapsone is used to treat acne . Dapsone belongs to the sulfone antibiotics family of drugs. It works by reducing inflammation and delaying or preventing bacteria growth. Fexofenadine HCl is an antihistamine medicine that helps with the symptoms of allergies.Topical gel of Dapsone and FexofenadineHCl was prepared by using High molecular weight water soluble polymer Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose such as K35 grade and other excipients including Propyl paraben, oleic acid, Triethanaloamine and purified water were reported in the formation of gel. In the present investigation combination of Dapsone and Fexofenadine HCl gel.

Evaluation of the healing properties of Garcinia brasiliensis extracts in a cutaneous wound model

Wound healing is a complex process that can leave pathological scars, especially in case of infections from opportunistic microorganisms. In this context, herbal medicines open up great possibilities for investigation. One of the species of interest native to Brazil is Garcinia brasiliensis ("bacupari"). Traditionally known for treating wounds and ulcers, G. brasiliensis presents anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobials properties. But, its wound healing profile in experimental models, in order to validate its efficacy, is still litle studied. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate, in an infected cutanous wound model, the potential of formulations incorporated with G. brasiliensis leaves extracts. Crude extract (CE), Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) and Hexanic Fraction (HF) were submitted to phytochemical assays, high performance thin layer chromatography (HTPLC) and cytotoxicity studies. CE and EAF were also tested for microbicidal properties and incorporated in cream and gel formulations at 10% concentration. After stability testing, the gel formulations with CE or EAF at 10% were selected and applied to skin wounds infected or not with Staphylococcus aureus in Wistar rats. The healing potenttial of the extracts was verified by the expression of the protein Annexin A1 (AnxA1), related to the processes of inflammation and antifibrotic function, the cells immunostaining for Gasdermin-D (GSDM-D), a marker of pyroptotic cell death, and the dosage of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 inflammatory mediators. Phytochemical studies indicated the presence of compounds of pharmacological interest, including Catechin, Quercetin and Berberine in addition to low cytotoxicity of CE and EAF at 10%. After the 6-day topical treatments, CE and EAF gel formulations demonstrated to control the pruritus formation process. The treatments decreased AnxA1 expression and the amount of cells immunostained for GSDM-D, and increased the expression of MCP-1 in infected wounds. Together, the results show important anti-inflammatory profile and skin healing potential of CE and EAF from G. brasiliensis leaves, even in infected lesions, with therapeutic perspectives.

API-polymer interactions in Sepineo P600 based topical gel formulation- impact on rheology

In the present study, topical gel and emulsion gel were formulated using Acrylamide/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer (Sepineo P600) as a gelling agent, and their rheological attributes and physical stability were evaluated upon incorporation of API. Lidocaine, a free base drug (pKa 7.92) was used as a model drug in all formulations. Medium- chain Triglycerides (MCT) was used as a dispersed phase to prepare the emulgel. Results show that the rheological properties of both gel and emulgel such as viscosity, elastic moduli and yield stress were significantly influenced by the pH of the topical formulations and API concentration. A lower pH (pH < pKa) leads to the increase in number of cationic species of lidocaine, which results in the weakening of the structure of the gel matrix by charge screening of polymer-polymer repulsions. Interactions between API and polymer chains through electrostatic attraction may play a major role in altering the rheology, which could potentially impact the physical stability against phase separation of the internal phase in emulsion gel samples. This study provides valuable insights into rheological behaviors of Sepineo P600 gel and emulgel which can be modified or tuned though the interplay of the API properties and critical formulation parameters such as pH. The tunable rheological properties with simpler manufacturing process make Sepineo P600 gel and emulsion gel very suitable systems for use in semisolid topical formulations.

Formulation and evaluation of HPMC topical gel of Ectoine

Formulation and evaluation of HPMC topical gel of Ectoine

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Gel Loaded with Fluconazole Niosomes

Aim: The study aims to formulate and evaluate topical gel-loaded fluconazole niosomes. Fluconazole is a macrolide antibacterial used against various susceptible bacteria. Niosomes have a substantial role in the delivery of drugs as they can reduce toxicity and modify pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Niosomes which are applied topically improve the deposition of drugs within stratum corneum and epidermis at the same time reducing systemic availability.&#x0D; Methodology: In current investigation, fluconazole was entrapped into niosomes by thin-film hydration technique with the optimization of various process parameters like entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, shape and in-vitro drug release studies.&#x0D; Results: Optimized formulations FNS5 and FNT4 prepared with Span-60 and Tween-60 exhibited vesicle sizes of 845.6 nm and 164.2 nm, zeta potential -10.2 mV and -46.4 mV indicating the formulation has good stability. The optimized niosomes were integrated into carbopol 934 and guar gum gels and then extensively characterized for zeta potential and vesicle size.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study demonstrated that entrapment of drugs into niosomes led to prolonged drug release time, enhanced permeation and drug retention.

Synthesis and characterization of new functionalized chitosan and its antimicrobial and in-vitro release behavior from topical gel

Recently, chitosan and its derivatives have been gaining more attention due to their high integration into various biomedical applications. Herein, a new chitosan derivative was prepared by linking the chitosan (Cs) with a novel heterocyclic compound, Benzoimidazolyl-thiadiazole (BzimTD) to form Cs-BzimTD. The synthesis of the new chitosan derivative was confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), thermogravimetric (TGA-DTG) analysis, elemental analysis, and UV–Visible spectrophotometer. Data showed the high efficacy of functionalized Cs-BzimTD to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, with inhibition zones of 15.3 ± 0.6 – 9.2 ± 0.3 mm. Also, Cs-BzimTD was applied in a topical gel formulation by using two different polymers, Carbopol 940 (CP) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) to form three gel formulations: Cs-BzimTD-CP, Cs-BzimTD-CMC, and Cs-BzimTD-CP-CMC. The new gels were checked for physical appearance, viscosity, Cs-BzimTD release, pH, spread-ability, and drug content. The results showed that all formulations were clear, transparent, and homogeneous with non-irritant pH values for skin (6.4 – 6.8). The spread-ability was found in the range of 7.1 – 9.4 g.cm/s. The Cs-BzimTD-CP formula showed the maximal Cs-BzimTD content percentage (86.5%) and the Cs-BzimTD release varied from 89.9 to 81.6% after 8 h depending on the gel formulation, with a maximum release achieved for Cs-BzimTD-CMC.

Wound healing activity of Tropaeolum tuberosum-based topical formulations in mice.

Background and Aim:Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz and Pavón, a tuber native to South America, is characterized by its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the healing effect of the topical T. tuberosum formulations (gel and cream) on induced wounds in mice.Materials and Methods:Here, an acidic ethanolic extract (1.5 N hydrochloric acid and 96% ethanol at the ratio of 15:85, v/v) was prepared with the tubers of T. tuberosum ecotype black and incorporated into topical cream and gel formulations at 1%. Thirty-twoBalb/c mice were divided into four experimental groups receiving daily topical treatments for 14 days: Group I (control; no treatment), Group II (a commercial ointment of neomycin, polymyxin B, and bacitracin), Group III (1% T. tuberosum gel), and Group IV (1% T. tuberosum cream). The wound closure in the mice was determined during the treatment; then, they were euthanized to obtain skin samples for histopathological analysis.Results:Groups III and IV showed a higher percentage of wound closure from the 6th day of the treatment. From the 8th day, the effect was greater in Group III. The healing effect was confirmed by the histopathological changes.Conclusion:This study concludes that the topical formulations of T. tuberosum demonstrate wound-healing activity in mice, and the most effective treatment is the 1% gel formulation.

Formulation and Evaluation of Natural Liposomal Gel for Breast Cancer

As per world health organization (WHO) report in 2020 about 2.3 million were diagnosed globally with breast cancer and around 6.85 lacs death occurs globally due to breast cancer. In such case usage of natural anticancer remedies can provide beneficial results, but unfortunately natural drugs are not being practically useful due to trifling bioavailability and unempirical data of effectiveness. In current study, liposomal gels were formulated by using liposomes entrapped with natural compound like seasamine, aloe-emodin, gallic acid, catechin, butein, 6-gingerol and curcumin as active drugs. Liposomal gels were formulated using carbopol (1.5 % w/w) with variable concentration of propylene glycol, in another formulation mixture 1 % w/w HPMC, 1 % w/w microcrystalline cellulose and 3 % w/w sodium alginate were also used. From characterization results of all of the above formulations, formulation with 1.5 % w/w carbopol and 5 % w/w propylene glycol has shown significant release of active drugs. In addition to this penetration effect of propylene glycol was also accessed for topical liposome gel formulation; the data reveals that propylene glycol has no significant penetration boosting impact with liposomal gel formulation.