Topical Antibacterial Treatment Research Articles

Phage embedded Gelatin, Alginate and gelatin/alginate-starch based hydrogels for topical bactericidal applications against multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Topical phage administration through hydrogels is one of the most efficient ways to inhibit bacterial growth in soft tissues. Hydrogels can benefit the skin by acting as a barrier and also promote tissue regeneration and moisture retention in cases of skin breach. Hydrogels incorporated with bioactive ingredients (BAC) have found their way into skin applications ranging from pharmaceutical to cosmetic products, whereas, phage incorporated hydrogels have been under-explored. In this study, we developed gelatin (protein-based) and alginate (polysaccharide-based) hydrogels (GH & AH) to immobilize phages for topical antibacterial treatments. P. aeruginosa is a common wound infecting pathogen and the strain ATCC 15442 used in this study is a β-lactamase producing multi-drug resistant variant. Gelatin and alginate are natural polymers and were chemically crosslinked (covalent & ionic interactions) to develop matrices that embed phages. Aloe vera extracts were used to synthesize hydrogels to succor the healing process. Starch-incorporated gelatin and alginate gels were also screened for phage immobilization. The addition of starch adversely affected the porosity of the matrices but did not affect the swelling ratio of the hydrogels. SEM analysis revealed porous microstructure of gelatin and alginate hydrogel, where starch addition resulted in cracked surface topography. All the developed hydrogels were amorphous in nature, lacking a regular pattern in the structural orientation of the molecules. Phages were successfully administered into the matrix after hydrogel synthesis through absorption. The swelling ratio of gelatin and alginate hydrogels were 2.6 and 0.5 g/g at 30 mins. Phages released in buffer at 30 mins were 1.6 x 107 and 2.6 x 106 PFU/mL for gelatin and alginate hydrogels respectively. The antibacterial evaluation of phage-incorporated gels showed a zone of inhibition against phage specific P. aeruginosa in agar plates.

Analysis of treatment methods for canine and feline dermatomycosis

Dermatomycosis is a kind of superficial infectious disease of skin, mucous membrane and skin accessory organ, which is caused by fungi. Dermatomycosis is a zoonosis characterized by recurrent, infectious and high morbidity. Nowadays, all studies on the treatment of dermatomycosis in cats and dogs are relatively scattered, so the purpose of this research is to analyze the therapeutic drugs of the dermatomycosis comprehensively by comparing the experimental data and results in other literatures, and point out the cons and pros and the target groups. Terbinafine is a good choice for both topical and systemic use or even as a medicated bath. For topical antibacterial treatment, ketoconazole, which has uncertain hepatotoxicity, is not recommended for young pets or those whose liver function is impaired. For systemic treatment, the itraconazole suspension is a better option, and fluconazole is not recommended to be the first choice if the sick animal is canine due to dogs’ poor sensitivity to it. Among the Chinese medicines, simple Chinese gallnut solution, compound prescription composed of Chinese gallnut, smoked plum and other 8 Chinese herbs, and a shampoo called Sanzi Qingbai are both safe and effective treatments, which is less likely to develop drug resistance. People should consider the overall condition of the sick animal and the nature of the drugs when choosing the most suitable treatment, and the combination of Chinese and Western medical treatments is also a new direction.

Coral Fluorescing Axillary Plaques Refractory to Topical Antifungal and Antibacterial Treatments.

Coral Fluorescing Axillary Plaques Refractory to Topical Antifungal and Antibacterial Treatments.

Treatment of Genital Burns, about A Case

Perineum and genital burns are infrequent, especially as isolated episodes. The primary objective of perineum burn care is to maintain urine and fecal continence. Cleaning, gentle debridement of loose burnt tissue with gauze, topical antibacterial treatments, and dressing changes are all part of the first therapy for burns on the perineum and genitals. Before attempting acute debridement, burns should be delineated.

Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Toxicological Assessment of Propolis.

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem for the control of infections and infectious diseases. Propolis is a substance produced by honeybees with antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. To consider propolis as an alternative to the use of antimicrobials for infection control, we assessed its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. To assess propolis for topical medical use, toxicological studies were also performed. A Portuguese 70% propolis ethanolic extract was chemically evaluated and studied for antimicrobial activity on staphylococcal field isolates (n = 137) and antibiofilm action (n = 45). Cell toxicological assessment was performed using keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Pinobanksin, chrysin, acacetin, apigenin, pinocembrin, and kaempferol-dimethyl-ether were detected. All 137 isolates were susceptible to 6.68 mg/mL or lower propolis concentration (80% isolates were susceptible to <1 mg/mL). The mean percentage of biofilm inhibition was 71%, and biofilm disruption was 88.5%. Propolis (<1 mg/mL) was well-tolerated by fibroblasts and moderately tolerated by keratinocytes. The combined antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of propolis, together with its low toxicity to connective tissue and epithelial cells, suggests a good applicability for topical antibacterial treatment. Therefore, propolis seems to be a good alternative to antimicrobials for the treatment of infections with Staphylococcus spp. that deserves to be evaluated in vivo.

An Overview of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Associated Problems with Special Emphasis on Treatments with Antimicrobials.

One of the most significant challenges of diabetes health care is diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). DFUs are more challenging to cure, and this is particularly true for people who already have a compromised immune system. Pathogenic bacteria and fungi are becoming more resistant to antibiotics, so they may be unable to fight microbial infections at the wound site with the antibiotics we have now. This article discusses the dressings, topical antibacterial treatment, medications and debridement techniques used for DFU and provides a deep discussion of DFU and its associated problems. English-language publications on DFU were gathered from many different databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer Nature, and Google Scholar. For the treatment of DFU, a multidisciplinary approach involving the use of diagnostic equipment, skills, and experience is required. Preventing amputations starts with patient education and the implementation of new categorization systems. The microbiota involved in DFU can be better understood using novel diagnostic techniques, such as the 16S-ribosomal DNA sequence in bacteria. This could be achieved by using new biological and molecular treatments that have been shown to help prevent infections, to control local inflammation, and to improve the healing process.

STABILITY AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF NANOSILVER BIOSYNTHETIC HYDROGEL

Objective: This study aims to formulate nanosliver (AgNPs) biosynthetic hydrogel for topical antibacterial treatment and its stability and antibacterial activity. Methods: The mixture (Silver nitrate solution and Turmeric juice) was stirred at room temperature for 24 h; afterward, it was analyzed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, particle size analysis, and TEM. The carbopol 940 was selected as a gelling agent with an AgNPs concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Furthermore, the gel preparation was tested for stability using the cycling test method and antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: The nanosilver biosynthetic has a yellow-brown color with the maximum wavelength peak at 433 nm, and a particle size of 157.4-166.7 nm. TEM analysis showed that AgNPs have a round shape, while the antibacterial activity of hydrogel preparations was moderately inhibited. Furthermore, the hydrogel was evaluated for pH, viscosity, dispersibility, and antibacterial activity before-after the cycling test. Formula with 30% AgNPs is chosen formula with pH value of 5.87±0.65; viscosity of 4833.3±2.82 c. Ps; and dispersibility of 5.50±0.15 after cycling test. Conclusion: The high concentration of AgNPs will increase the viscosity, pH, and dispersibility. Formula with 30% AgNPs have the highest antibacterial activity. Furthermore, all hydrogel preparations meet the requirements of Indonesian Standard Product (SNI) No. 06-2588-1992 for good gel stability before and after the cycling test.

Treating canine pyoderma with topical antibacterial therapy

Background: The historical concept that topical treatments have to ‘sting, stain and stink’ in order to be effective has long been overhauled. A broad range of topical antibacterial products is...

Experimental evaluation of bacterial corneal ulcer treatment plans using glucocorticosteroid

Purpose : to experimentally evaluate treatment plans for bacterial corneal ulcers involving corticosteroid. Material and methods . We used a previously developed model of bacterial corneal ulcer. 40 rabbits (40 eyes) were divided into 4 groups of 10 rabbits (10 eyes) each. Group 1 received topical antibacterial treatment. Groups 2 and 3 additionally received 0.2–0.3 ml injections of 0.1 % Dexamethasone solution once a day (parabulbar and systemic, respectively). Group 4 (control) was clinically observed after corneal ulcer modeling, with no treatment given. The clinical picture and the dynamics of the course of the disease were assessed by biomicroscopy, a fluorescein test, photoregistration and optical coherence tomography of the anterior eye zone (Visante OCT model 1000, Carl Zeiss, Germany). To analyze inflammatory changes and corneal opacities, a quantitative scoring system has been developed. Results . Corneal opacities emerged in the 1 st group of rabbits on the 14 th day from treatment start: in groups 2 and 3, the 9 th day. In group 4, the ulcerous defect remained by day 14. In group 1, a statistically significant thinning of the cornea (by 148.2 ± 32.6 nm) was noted in the ulceration zone after 7 days. The same effect was noted in group 2 (by 363.3 ± 82.0 nm), in the 3rd group 3 (by 362.8 ± 81.2 nm), and in group 4 (by 135.9 ± 40.0 nm). In 90 % of cases in groups 2 and 3, mild corneal opacities without vascularization were formed. In other cases, corneal opacities of high or moderate degree with vascularization were observed. Conclusion . Treatment of bacterial ulcers of rabbit corneas with dexamethasone glucocorticosteroid drug reduces the recovery time as compared to the results achieved through antibacterial treatment alone, as it brings about a rapid drop in the overall inflammatory response and diameter of the ulcer, significant reduction of the edema and infiltration of the cornea, confirmed by AS-OCT. Additionally, such treatment ensures milder corneal opacity and helps avoid corneal vascularization.

In vitro antibacterial activity of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) crude extract against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from canine pyoderma.

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, commonly involved in canine pyoderma, can be classified as meticillin-susceptible S.pseudintermedius (MSSP) or meticillin-resistant S.pseudintermedius (MRSP). MRSP infections may be difficult to treat due to broad β-lactam resistance of MRSP and typically additional multidrug-resistance. Topical antibacterial treatment is the preferred treatment modality for surface and superficial skin infections. HYPOTHESIS⁄OBJECTIVES: Mangosteen crude extract containing the antibacterial compound α-mangostin will have in vitro activity against MSSP and MRSP isolated from canine pyoderma. Twenty-three samples, MSSP (n=12) and MRSP (n=11), isolated from canine pyoderma. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for mangosteen crude extract by broth microdilution. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to determine the amount of α-mangostin in mangosteen crude extract. A time-kill assay was performed at 30min and 2h after exposure to a high concentration of crude extract (100× MIC). Antibacterial activity for α-mangostin was calculated according to HPLC results. The concentration of α-mangostin was 17.72±1.42% w/w. The mean MIC of α-mangostin towards MSSP was 0.53±0.35μg/mL, whereas the mean value for MRSP was 0.47±0.27μg/mL. There was no difference between the mean MIC of MRSP and MSSP (P=0.84). After a 30min exposure to 100× MIC of the crude extract, a 95% reduction in colony forming units was found. The results showed that α-mangostin in mangosteen crude extract was effective in inhibiting S.pseudintermedius (both MRSP and MSSP). Clinical studies are needed to investigate this effectiveness further in vivo.

Comparative Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Skin Lesions, Nasal Cavities, and Feces of Children with Atopic Dermatitis

The lesion of skin of the majority atopic dermatitis patients is chronically colonized by bacteria belonging to the species Staphylococcus aureus. Topical antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy treatment are often ineffective due to fast recolonization by S. aureus and exacerbation of allergic process. Our aim was to determine a frequency of S. aureus colonization in skin lesions, mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and intestine of children with atopic dermatitis, to compare the genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different biotopes of atopic dermatitis patients, and to clarify whether the intestinal and nasal cavities microbiota may act as a source of S. aureus recolonization of skin lesions. Bacteriological examination of fecal samples, skin, and nasal swabs was conducted in 38 atopic dermatitis patients. The pure bacterial cultures of S. aureus were identified using API Staph (Biomerieux, France) and Vitek 2 MS (Biomerieux, France). Isolates of S. aureus were subjected to genotyping by analysis of rRNA internal 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions and high resolution melting analysis (HMR) of polymorphic spa X-regions. 99% S. aureus strains were successfully identified using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry. S. aureus cultures were isolated from all biotopes in 31,6% of children, from skin and nasal cavities — in 42% of cases, from skin and feces — in 2,6% of cases, only from skin — in 10,5%, from nasal cavities and feces — in 2,6%, and only from nasal cavities — in 2,6% of cases. In 8% of children, S. aureus was not detected in any of the biotopes. Genotyping of the isolates enabled the detection of 17 different genotypes. A match between the genotypes of skin and nasal strains, and skin and fecal strains was observed in 88% and 61% of the cases respectively. The observed a high-frequency matching genotypes suggests the possibility of migration of S. aureus strains inside biotopes in humans and the absence of specialization to colonization of any of the niches.

Nasal Bacterial Colonization in Pediatric Epistaxis: The Role of Topical Antibacterial Treatment.

Epistaxis is a common problem in childhood. It has been shown that children with recurrent epistaxis are more likely to have nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. It has been suggested that low-grade inflammation, crusting and increased vascularity due to bacterial colonization contributes to the development of epistaxis in children. This study aimed to investigate the nasal colonization and treatment outcome in pediatric epistaxis patients. Retrospective cross-sectional study. Charts of the pediatric patients referred to our university hospital otolaryngology outpatient clinics for the evaluation of epistaxis were reviewed. The patients whose nasal cultures had been taken at the first clinical visit comprised the study group. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria grown. The presence of crusting and hypervascularity was not dependent on the type of bacterial growth and there was no relation between hypervascularity and crusting of the nasal mucosa. Thirty-six patients were evaluated for the outcome analysis. Resolution of bleeding was not dependent on nasal colonization; in patients with colonization, there was no difference between topical antibacterial and non-antibacterial treatments. Despite the high colonization rates, topical antibacterial treatment was not found superior to non-antibacterial treatment. Our study does not support the belief that bacterial colonization results in hypervascularity of the septal mucosa causing epistaxis since no relation was found between nasal colonization, hypervascularity and crusting. The role of bacterial colonization in pediatric epistaxis need to be further investigated and treatment protocols must be determined accordingly.

Rheumatoid polyarthritis suspected in an HIV patient with scleritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and anterior uveitis

IntroductionScleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis are ocular manifestations found in many inflammations and infections. Therefore, their association should prompt a search for inflammatory or infectious causes that may be life-threatening, especially in the context of AIDS due to HIV infection.FindingsWe report the case of a 37-year-old female, first seen in 2011 with a nodular scleritis in the right eye and a peripheral ulcerative keratitis, a necrotizing scleritis, and a granulomatous anterior uveitis in the left eye, in the context of chronic polyarthropathies that had evolved over 6 months. The patient was diagnosed with AIDS (HIV) in 2008 and was on antiretroviral therapy for the past 2 years. Ophthalmic workup was negative for opportunistic infections and potential causes of scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and the patient was unresponsive to topical antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatment. Ocular lesion resolution and articular swelling improvement was observed less than 6 weeks after sulfasalazine treatment. Based on American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria, and considering the good response to the treatment (sulfasalazine), diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made in the absence of confirmatory lab tests results.ConclusionIn the context of ocular manifestations associated with polyarthropathies, coexisting pathologies should be considered. Diagnostic workup of chronic inflammatory rheumatism should be carried out, even in the context of HIV/AIDS.

Multiorganism, drug-resistant keratitis treated by corneal crosslinking.

To describe a case of multiorganism, drug-resistant keratitis that responded well to corneal crosslinking (CXL) treatment. A 52-year-old man presented to our institute with a 2-month ocular history of infectious keratitis in his right eye, on topical antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoan treatment, and complained of increase in pain, discomfort, and visual deterioration. Slit-lamp examination revealed advanced infectious keratitis (extensive deep corneal infiltrate with perineuritis). Cultural and molecular analysis of obtained corneal specimens demonstrated combined fungal and Acanthamoeba infection; confocal microscopy confirmed Acanthamoeba infection. Intense targeted topical antifungal and antiprotozoan treatment was initiated immediately and 1 month later CXL was performed due to drug resistance of the infection. Two weeks after CXL treatment, the corneal findings had deteriorated, while a corneal abscess was formed and extended at almost half of the cornea. This was gradually limited and the corneal infiltrate and abscess were eventually decreased. In addition, the symptoms improved. Corneal crosslinking could be an effective therapy in the management of advanced infectious keratitis unresponsive to conventional medical treatment.

Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol/ Pluronic F127 Blended Nanofibers Containing Titanium Dioxide for Antibacterial Wound Dressing.

In this study, an antibacterial electrospun nanofibers for wound dressing application was successfully prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Pluronic F127 (Plur), polyethyleneimine (PEI) blend solution with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). PVA-Plur-PEI nanofibers containing various ratios of TiO2 NPs were obtained. The formation and presence of TiO2 in the PVA-Plu-PEI/ TiO2 composite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical measurement, and antibacterial activity were undertaken in order to characterize the PVA-Plur-PEI/TiO2 nanofiber morphology and properties. The PVA-Plu-PEI nanofibers had a mean diameter of 220nm, and PVA-Plur-PEI/TiO2 nanofibers had 255nm. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties of the composite were studied by zone inhibition against Gram-negative bacteria, and the result indicates high antibacterial activity. Results of this antibacterial testing suggest that PVA-Plur-PEI/TiO2 nanofiber may be effective in topical antibacterial treatment in wound care; thus, they are very promising in the application of wound dressings.

Comparative study of the efficacy of fusidic acid and povidone iodine in childhood impetigo

Impetigo is a superficial bacterial infection of the skin. It is a contagious condition particularly affecting children. In many instances, a topical antibacterial treatment is recommended to clear the disease. Topical antibiotics and antiseptics can be used, but the risk for antibiotic-induced bacterial resistance of the community-acquired type has been pointed out. The present study was undertaken as a randomized intra individual comparative trial between fusidic acid (FA) cream and povidone iodine (PVP-I) gel in 40 children suffering from impetigo. Cultures revealed Staphylococcus aureus in the vast majority of the cases. The lesions present on each upper limb were treated twice daily with one or the other test formulation. Clinical assessments were performed twice weekly until cure. After one week, cure was obtained in 57.5% of the PVP-I-treated limbs compared to 32.5% of the FA-treated limbs. At the end of treatment cure was obtained first on the PVP-I treated sites in 67.5% of cases compared to 15% on the FA-treated sites. Clinical cure occurred simultaneously on both test sites in 17.5% of cases. In conclusion, PVP-I provided faster clinical cure than FA. Considering the treatment cost, the rising community-acquired staphylococci resistance to FA, and the results of the present study, PVP-I gel appears superior to FA cream in childhood impetigo.

The effects of topical application of metronidazole for treatment of chronic anal fissure: A randomized, controlled pilot study.

Chronic anal fissures (CAFs) rarely heal with conservative management. Because they are associated with strong anal sphincter tone, most treatment aim to reduce anal pressure. Although infections can cause fissures, as can traumatic injury to the anal canal, antimicrobial treatment is not recommended. In a previous study, we reported identifying a wide spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms in the bases of CAFs, anaerobic bacteria being present in half the cases. We postulated that microbial colonization delays healing of CAF and aimed to determine whether decreasing the bacterial load with topical antibacterial treatment accelerates fissure healing. We cultured fecal samples and swabs from the bases of CAFs in 103 patients. Patients in whose samples anaerobic bacteria were identified (47 patients) were then invited to participate in a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing topical metronidazole with conventional treatment. The primary endpoint was fissure healing confirmed on anoscopy. Secondary endpoints of maximum pain on defecation assessed by visual analog scale, maximum anal resting pressure, and rectal pH were recorded on entry and at 10, 21, and 28 days. The CAFs were colonized by mixtures of gram-positive/gram-negative anaerobic bacteria or gram-negative aerobic monocultures. Patients with anaerobic bacteria in their swabs who received topical metronidazole treatment experienced rapid relief of pain and anal sphincter spasm along with enhanced fissure healing (95.6 % healing rate compared with 70.8 % in the control group, p = 0.048). Topical antimicrobial treatment can be effective in patients with CAF provided the relevant microorganisms are correctly identified.

Disseminated blastomycosis with cutaneous involvement in a Canadian railroad worker

A 42-year-old man presented presented to a teaching hospital in Toronto in June, 2014, with a 7 month history of progressive verrucous plaques on his chin (fi gure). He had seen many diff erent doctors and been given topical corticosteroid, antifungal, and antibacterial treatment without improvement. He also reported an intermittent cough productive of white sputum and mild dyspnoea on exertion for the past 2 months. Physical examination was normal apart from the skin lesions. Chest radiograph and CT (fi gure) showed multiple large cavitations in the upper lobes (arrows) and tree-in-bud opacities. A biopsy sample of the skin lesions showed broad-based budding yeast with Gomori methenamine silver stain in the dermis consistent with blastomycosis (fi gure, appendix). Fungal culture from a bronchoalveolar lavage grew Blastomyces dermatitidis. The patient reported living in Kenora, Ontario, a region of Canada that is hyperendemic for B dermatitidis 17 years earlier, where he had worked repairing railroad tracks. B dermatitidis is a dimorphic fungus endemic to the St Lawrence–Great Lakes and Mississippi river systems in North America. Cases have also been reported in Africa and the Middle East. The fungus is generally acquired through exposure to soil or moist organic debris and primarily aff ects the lower respiratory tract causing acute or chronic pneumonia. After seeding the respiratory tract B dermatitidis disseminates haematogenously to extrapulmonary sites in 20–50% of cases, most often to the skin, bones, and joints. Primary cutaneous inoculation can also occur. Reactivation of latent disease has been described and might explain our patient’s presentation. Cutaneous blastomycosis is characteristically a verrucous “wart-like” lesion with irregular borders. Ulcerative lesions with raised borders are also common. Any patient with cutaneous blastomycosis should be investigated for pulmonary involvement and other sites of dissemination. We started our patient on 6 months of 200 mg itraconazole twice daily. At 5 month follow-up in November, 2014, the patient is doing well, with no respiratory symptoms and improvement in the skin lesions. Lancet 2015; 385: 883

Current dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa research does not match research needs perceived by patients and clinicians

Current dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa research does not match research needs perceived by patients and clinicians

Electrospun chitosan nanofibers with controlled levels of silver nanoparticles. Preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity

The ideal wound dressing would have properties that allow for absorption of exudates, and inhibition of microorganism for wound protection. In this study, we utilized an electrospinning (ELSP) technique to design a novel wound dressing. Chitosan (CTS) nanofibers containing various ratios of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained. AgNPs were generated directly in the CTS solution by using a chemical reduction method. The formation and presence of AgNPs in the CTS/AgNPs composite was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrospun CTS/AgNPs nanofibers were characterized morphologically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These nanofibers were subsequently tested to evaluate their antibacterial activity against gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and gram-positive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Results of this antibacterial testing suggest that CTS/AgNPs nanofibers may be effective in topical antibacterial treatment in wound care.