Top Dressing Research Articles

THE PROLONGED INFLUENCE OF ROOT TOP DRESSING OF KOREAN PINE (PINUS KORAIENSIS) ANNUAL-BIENNIAL SEE DLINGS WITH GRO WTH STIMULANTS ON THEIR BIOMETRIC INDICATORS AT EIGHT YEARS OF AGE

In the article the analysis of the prolonged influence of root top dressing of annual and biennial Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc.) seedlings with the growth stimulants Сrezacin, Zircon and Epin-Extra on their biometric indicators at eight years of age is presented. It was established, that root top dressing with the growth stimulants Krezacin and Zircon had the greatest stimulating effect on the growth of height, increase in height and diameter of the root neck of seedlings. Epin-Extra is less effective.

Productivity and grain quality of winter wheat varieties depending on the fractional nitrogen top dressings and seeding rates

The study was carried out in the Kostroma region on soddy-podzolic soils with an average degree of cultivation in 2019–2022, with three repetitions of a field trial. The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of different doses of nitrogen top dressings applied at critical phases of plant development on productivity and grain quality of winter wheat at seeding rates of 2, 4, and 6 million germinating kernels per hectare. There have been studied 5 winter wheat varieties of domestic breeding, such as ‘Moskovskaya 39’ (a standard variety), ‘Moskovskaya 40’, ‘Moskovskaya 56’, ‘Nemchinovskaya 57’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’. The used agrotechnology corresponds to the zonal one in the Kostroma region. As a result of the study there has been identified a productivity variation from 2.9 to 3.7 t/ha depending on a variety. The largest productivity was formed by the variety ‘Moskovskaya 56’ with the use of a triple dose of nitrogen at a seeding rate of 6 million germinating kernels per hectare, which significantly exceeded the control variant on 0.5 t/ha. There has been estimated an influence of doses of nitrogen top dressings on technological parameters and flour properties of winter wheat grain. There has been found that the high content of crude protein (17.44–19.41 %), gluten (28.16–35.80 %) and hardiness (65.9–74.6 %) was demonstrated by the variety ‘Moskovskaya 40’. There has been also established a large hardiness of the variety ‘Nemchinovskaya 57’ (62.5–75.0 %). The largest 1000-grain weight (42.0–45.2 g) has been found in the variety ‘Moskovskaya 56’. Through three years of the study, there has been proved a stable response of the studied varieties to the improvement of productivity and n qualitative indicators as a result of the use of doses of nitrogen top dressings for winter wheat crops.

35 High Fiber Top Dress Effects on Sows During Farrowing and Lactation

Abstract There have been several studies on high fiber diets during late gestation and lactation which have shown an increase in body condition score as well as showing an increase in piglet born alive with multiple cycles. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of two high fiber top dress protocols on the performance of lactating sows and piglets in the farrowing phase. The top dress contained sugar beet pulp, wheat bran, vitamins, enzymes, and an attractant. A total of 459 sows were balanced by parity and genetics among 3 treatments. Treatment 1, Control, contained no additional fiber. Treatment 2, 5D, was fed 0.45 kg. top dress/day for 5 days upon entry into farrowing. Treatment 3, 23D, was fed 0.45 kg top dress for 5 days upon entry into farrowing and then 0.23 kg top dress/day until pigs were weaned. After each room had finished farrowing, piglets were cross fostered within the room, balanced on litter size and number of teats on the sow, and then individually weighed. Piglets were weighed again the day prior to weaning. Calipers were used to record body condition score prior to farrow and weaning. A fecal softness score using a numeric system of 3 = normal 2 = soft 1 = cow patty 0 = liquid was utilized. Fecal scores were recorded daily. Data were analyzed using mixed linear model in SAS. Ending body condition scores were increased with the addition of fiber (Control = 2.59, 5D = 2.59, 23D = 2.69, P = 0.002). Sow mortality was numerically reduced with the addition of 23D fiber (control = 3.97%, 5D = 3.87%, 23D = 1.31%, P = 0.31). Piglet average daily gain (kg/d) was not statistically impacted by fiber (Control = 0.25, 5D = 0.25, 23D = 0.26, P = 0.27). Wean pigs per litter showed no change between treatments (Control = 12.57, 5D = 12.70, 23D = 12.47, P = 0.38) Wean to estrus days were not statistically impacted from treatments (Control 4.28, 5D = 4.20, 23D = 4.1, P = 0.53.) Fecal softness scores continued to decline in the 23D after the initial five days on treatment (P < 0.01.) In conclusion, sows on 23D fiber maintained more body weight through lactation and had consistently looser stools than sows on 5D or Control treatments.

261 Effect of Alga 1.0 on Reducing Enteric Methane Emissions from Cattle

Abstract Alga 1.0, an algae-derived product was used to evaluate the effect of inclusion on methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from cattle along with diet digestibility. Twelve non-lactating, non-pregnant Jersey cows were used in 4 replicated 3x3 Latin squares. Cows were blocked by intake and assigned randomly to three treatments. Three periods were utilized with each period being 21 days long. Three treatments were evaluated with 0, 69, and 103 grams per day Alga 1.0, fed as a top dress with modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) as a carrier in a corn-based diet. Diet consisted of 60% dry-rolled corn, 20% corn silage, 15% MDGS, and 5% supplement. Headbox-style indirect calorimeters were utilized to evaluate gas production from individual cows with 2 non-consecutive 23-h collections in each period. Diet digestibility was measured using complete fecal collection the last 4 days of each period. Data were analyzed with GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with cow within period as experimental unit, cow and period as random effects, and treatment as fixed effect. Alga 1.0 inclusion decreased CH4 production measured as g/d (P < 0.01) and g/kg DMI (P < 0.01). A 39% percent reduction in CH4 was expressed as g/kg of DMI with 69 g inclusion; and a 63% reduction (g/kg DMI) with 103 g inclusion of Alga 1.0. Average eructated CH4 was 17.5 g/kg of DMI, 10.7 g/kg of DMI, and 6.4 g/kg of DMI, for the control, 69 g, and 103 g treatments, respectively. Emissions of CH4 reported as g/d were 164.9 for the control diet and decreased to 88.2 g/d for 69 g inclusion and 44.4 g/d for 103 g inclusion. Emissions of CO2 as g/d tended (P = 0.08) to be less for cattle receiving 103 g of Alga 1.0; but did not differ when calculated as g/kg of DMI (P = 0.39). Oxygen consumption (O2) amounts did not differ between treatments for g/day (P = 0.26) and g/kg DMI (P = 0.39). Respiratory quotient (RQ) was not significantly impacted (P = 0.32) by treatments. Alga 1.0 inclusion did influence organic matter (OM) intake (P = 0.01) with a 0.98 kg/d decrease with 69 g inclusion and a 1.27 kg/d decrease with 103 g inclusion compared with the control. Digestibility of OM was not influenced (P = 0.89) by the inclusion of Alga 1.0 and averaged 74.9%. Digestible Energy expressed as Mcal/kg did not differ (P = 0.67) between treatments. Feeding Alga 1.0 decreased OMI but did not affect digestibility. Alga 1.0 inclusion reduced CH4 emissions from cattle compared with a dry rolled corn control diet with no significant impact on CO2 emissions.

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

The present investigation titled “Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize” was conducted during kharif season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 10 treatments and 3 replications which are (T1) Control, (T2) 100% RDF, (T3) 120% RDF, (T4) 50% RDF + FYM (10 t), (T5) 75% RDF + FYM (5 t), (T6) 100% RDF + FYM (5 t) + Mulch, (T7) 50% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1), (T8) 75% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1), (T9) 100% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1) + Mulch) and (T10) 75% RDF + FYM (5 t) + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1) + Mulch. Mustard stover @ 2 t ha-1 was used as mulching. RDF used is (100:40:40 kg ha-1) was applied through urea (46% N), SSP (16% P2O5) and MOP (60% K2O). One third N and full dose of P and K was applied at the time of sowing as basal application. Remaining nitrogen was applied in 2 equal splits at 30 and 50 DAS as top dressing. PSC-3322 variety of maize was used for sowing. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. This study concluded that application of 120% RDF recorded significantly higher plant height, yield and was economically better than other treatments.

Jambu production (Acmella oleracea [(L.) R. K. Jansen]) using different organic fertilizers at planting and as top dressing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different forms of application (before planting and as top dressing) of organic fertilizers, namely castor bean cake and hoof and horn powder, on the production of jambu plants. The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of São Manuel, SP, and at the 'Estância Três Nascentes' site in Botucatu, SP. Seven treatments were evaluated in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial design, with two organic fertilizers, castor bean cake (CBC) and hoof and horn powder (HHP), and three forms of application (100% before planting, 100% as top dressing, and 50% before planting + 50% as top dressing), plus a control treatment. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Plant height, number of inflorescences (NI), fresh weight of inflorescences (FWI), fresh weight of vegetative parts (FWVP), and total fresh weight (TFW) were evaluated at each location. In São Manuel, there was a difference between fertilizers in the forms of application, 100% before planting and 50% before planting + 50% as top dressing, for FWVP and for TFW only in the first form. In Botucatu, HHP resulted in higher NI when applied 100% before planting and FWVP and TFW between fertilizers when applied 100% as top dressing. The increases compared to the control, with HHP and CBC, were 81%, 83%, 168%, 83%, and 95% in São Manuel and 19%, 42%, 316%, 56%, and 67%, in Botucatu, for plant height, NI, FWI, FWVP, and TFW, respectively, confirming the importance of supplementing base fertilization with organic compounds.

Parsley production using organic fertilizers before planting and in top dressing

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two organic fertilizers used before planting and in top dressing in the production of parsley. Seven treatments were evaluated, resulted from the factorial 2 x 3 + 1: two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake, and hoof and horn powder) x 3 modes of application (100% before planting; 100% in top dressing; 50% before planting and 50% in top dressing) + 1 control. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five replications and plots of 1 m2. Two harvests were done and in both the following characteristics were evaluated: the relative chlorophyll index ("Spad''), plant height, fresh (FW) and dry (DW) matter weight of shoot and macronutrients accumulation. There was no significant difference for the ‘’Spad” index in both harvests. For the other characteristics, the control was inferior to the other treatments. In the comparison among application modes, the treatment with castor bean cake, 100% before planting, was inferior to the other applications modes of this fertilizer for FW and DW. For hoof and horn powder, the 100% in top dressing application mode was superior to other applications. In the comparison between fertilizers, the hoof and horn powder was superior to castor bean cake in both harvests when application was done 100% before planting. The descending order of macronutrients accumulation was: K > N > Ca > P > Mg. Therefore, it is recommended to apply hoof and horn powder, 100% in top dressing application.

The effect of weather factors on the efficiency of macro- and microfertilizers for the red clover cultivation in the conditions of the Kostroma region

Strengthening the forage base is an important task for the successful development of animal husbandry in the Kostroma region, and the main role in this belongs to red clover. The purpose the current study was to identify the dependence of the productivity of clover green mass on the type and dose of top dressing, when using sparing doses of fertilizers and environmentally friendly types of processing. The study was carried out on the basis of the Kostroma Research Institute of Agriculture in 2020–2022. The two-factor trial consisted of 15 options (three backgrounds – Control, Ozone and “Aquamix”, and 5 options for different doses of top dressing) in three sequences, the area of one plot was 6 m2. There was taken the clover variety ‘Soligalichesky mestny’ as the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the region. During the study, there was found a dependence of the efficiency of the applied fertilizers on weather factors during the vegetation period. Thus, under favorable climatic conditions, the complex “Aquamix” was effective both in pre-sowing treatment and in the form of foliar top dressing. In the variants with its use, there was obtained a significant improvement of green mass productivity and general productivity indicators. The P30K30 dose was the most effective among all mineral top dressings. When increasing the dose and introducing nitrogen (N30P45K90) in the top dressing, productivity and quality of the green mass decreased mainly due to grass lodging. During the unfavorable vegetation period (summer drought), microelements did not affect forage mass productivity and quality. Only top dressing with mineral fertilizers was effective, and the best result was obtained with a higher dose and the full composition of top dressing (N30P45K90). Seed ozonation was effective under all weather conditions. The best result in a favorable year was obtained in the variant Ozone + P30K30 (+43.8 t/ha of green mass, or 153 %), in an unfavorable year it was Ozone + N30P45K90 (+16.1 t/ha, or 111 %). The dose of mineral top dressing ought to be adjusted depending on the weather conditions of a particular vegetation period.

INFLUENCE OF FULVIC ACID ON INCREASING LIFE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF BEEES

The article presents the results of research for (2020–2021). The results of the influence of different doses of fulvic acid on increasing the life span of bees kept in entomological cages and improving their physiological state are given. The studies were carried out in laboratory conditions at an air temperature of +27 ± 2°C, on bees of spring-summer generation. The experiment included three groups of bees in triplicate. The first group – control, in this group, the bees consumed 60% sucrose solution as top dressing. In the second group, the bees consumed a 60% sucrose solution, to which fulvic acid was added, at the rate of 0.1 ml per 200 ml of solution. The third group was fed a 60% sucrose solution, to which fulvic acid was added, at the rate of 0.2 ml per 200 ml of solution. According to the results of the research, it was found that fulvic acid at a dose of 0.1 ml per 200 ml of solution contributed to the prolongation of the life of bees. In this variant of the experiment, 30–40% death of bees occurred five, and 50% and 60% four days later than in the control. Fulvic acid, where an increased dose was used, did not have a significant effect on the lifespan of bees. As the bees aged, fulvic acid in both variants of the experiment reduced the load on the rectum and toxicity to the body, thereby improving their physiological state.

Influence of innovative top dressing on increasing the productivity of bees

The use of fertilizing for bees makes it possible to increase the productivity of bee colonies, replenish feed stocks in the hive in winter, and replace substandard fall honey collected in the autumn period. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of sugar-honey dough (candi) containing organic acids on the livability of bee colonies in winter, physiological parameters, intensity of development and their economically useful traits. Research and experimental work with bee colonies were carried out at the apiary of the Small innovative enterprise “Zhivprom” (Krasnodar). The use of liquid feed concentrate “Furor” in a ratio of 1:1 with granulated sugar had a positive effect on the bees’ body and contributed to an increase in the longevity of individuals in experimental cages by 9–10 days compared with the consumption of concentrate with granulated sugar by bees 2:1. The productivity of bees of the 3rd experimental group in 2019 was higher compared to the 1st and 2nd experimental groups at 5,5–5,8 kg, with the control group – at 17,1 kg. In 2020 commercial honey from the 3rd experimental group was obtained on average 61,1 kg, which was 5,5–7,1 kg more than in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups and 18 kg more than in the control group. The amount of commercial honey from bee colonies in 2021 in the 3rd experimental group was 68,1 kg. This indicator was higher than the 1st and 2nd experimental groups by 9,1–8,9 kg, and compared with the control group by 19 kg. The economic eff ect of using innovative top dressing was additionally from one bee family in 2019 – 2625,98 thousand rubles, in 2020 – 2769,98 thousand rubles, in 2021 – 3031,94 thousand rubles.

Evaluation of compost with chemical fertilizers for Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Debub Ari Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

Soil fertility reduction is the main problem for sustainable crop production and productivity in southern parts of Ethiopia. Integrated soil fertility management is the best choice to improve soil fertility constraints using accessible organic and chemical fertilizers. The aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on crop yield and soil fertility improvement. This experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2018 in Debub Ari district, southwestern Ethiopia. The treatments contain Control (no fertilizers), Recommended NP (69/30), 250 kg NPSB + 161 kg ha-1 Urea, 10 t ha-1 compost, and 5 t ha-1 compost + 125 kg NPSB + 80 kg Urea top dress. Potato variety ‘Belete’ became used for the experiment and was planted early in the ‘Belg’ season. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil sample was randomly collected before treatment application with a depth of (0-20cm) and composited into one kg of a sample. The analysis results of the initial soil sample revealed that it was sandy clay in texture, moderately acidic, low in total N, OC, CEC, and very low in available P. The analysis of variances showed significant differences among the treatments on potato tuber yield when compared to untreated plots. Potato tuber yield is increased by 32, 22, and 35% of sole use of inorganic fertilizer, compost alone, and 50% of compost + 50% of NPSB treatment, respectively, than control. The maximum tuber yield 18.7 t ha-1 was obtained from treatment 5 t ha-1 compost + 125 kg NPSB + 80 kg Urea top dress, whereas the minimum tuber yields 13.85 t ha-1 were obtained by untreated plot (without any fertilizer application). Farmers in the study area can use by selecting either recommended NP (69 N and 30 P) ha-1 or 5t + 125 kg NPSB + 80 kg urea ha-1 depending on the accessibility of labor, composting material, and cash to purchase an adequate amount of fertilizers. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 77-82, June 2023

Long-Term Application of a Synbiotic Chitosan and Acinetobacter KU011TH Mixture on the Growth Performance, Health Status, and Disease Resistance of Hybrid Catfish (Clarias gariepinus × C. macrocephalus) during Winter.

The effects of potential synbiotic chitosan and Acinetobacter KU011TH mixture on growth performance, immune response, and A. hydrophila resistance were investigated for the first time. The control group was fed a basal diet (A), and group B was given the formula B diet that was supplemented with chitosan at 20 mL/kg diet via top dressing. The other synbiotic groups, C, D, and E, were top-dressed with the target probiotics at 1 × 108, 1 × 109, and 1 × 1010 CFU/kg diet, respectively, and coated with the same concentration of chitosan. Fish were continuously fed the five different feeds for 16 weeks during winter. At the end of the trial, the growth parameters of the test groups did not significantly differ from those of the control (p > 0.05). All the symbiotic-chitosan treatments significantly increased various hematological and serum immune parameters. Moreover, the expression levels of immune-related genes were strongly elevated in the head kidney and spleen, whereas upregulated expression was observed in the liver and whole blood (p < 0.05). Survival analysis indicated that fish in groups B and C showed significantly higher survival (84.33 ± 2.21 and 79.50 ± 6.34%) than those in groups A, D and E (55.33 ± 8.82%-74.00 ± 6.50) (p < 0.05) after injection with A. hydrophila for 14 days.

The effect of nitrogen fertilisation on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain on meadow‐chestnut soil

Aim. The study of the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain on meadow‐chestnut soil.Methods. Analyses of soil samples were carried out using generally accepted standard techniques. Assessment of the biological yield of grain and its structure was carried out according to the "Methodology of the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops". Tillage for winter crops after stubble predecessors was carried out according to the irrigation halfsteam system.Results. With an increase in the hydrothermal coefficient, a more elastic gluten is formed. Studies have shown that as the dose of nitrogen fertilizing increases, the indicators of the sowing qualities of seeds and the baking qualities of winter wheat grain of the Grom variety improve. In the best variant N90P90, the following indicators were obtained: seed germination energy – 99%, germination – 100%, weight of 1000 grains – 34.7 g, protein content – 14.8%, gluten 27.4%, which represent respectively 4%; 4%; 3.9 g; 1.3% and 6.1% more than in the control variant without the use of mineral fertilizers and higher than in the variants N30P90 and N60P90.Conclusion. The research area determines the use of the high‐intensity Thunder variety, which helps to stabilise productivity and improve product quality. The use of nitrogen top dressing (N30, N60 and N90) against the background of P90 increases the yield of winter wheat grain from 6.25 to 7.90 t / ha and improves the main indicators of baking qualities of grain: protein – 14.3–14.8% and gluten – 22.1–27.4%, the best option with nitrogen top dressing being a dose of N90 (N30 in autumn + N60 in spring).

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ОРГАНОМИНЕРАЛЬНОГО УДОБРЕНИЯ АМИНОВЕЛЛ НА ПОСЕВАХ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА В ПОЧВЕННО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The research was carried out in order to determine the biological effectiveness of organomineral fertilizer of Aminovella on sunflower crops in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were conducted in 2020-2021. The soil of the experimental site is typical gray forest, the content of humus (according to Tyurin) is 3.0%, mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) is 160 mg/kg and 145 mg/kg of soil, respectively. The reaction of the soil solution is close to neutral (pH 6.6). In the experiment, a hybrid of sunflower Svetlanv was grown. The scheme of the experiment provided for the following options: control (background NPK); background NPK + Aminovell brand: Stimwell Set, 2.0 l/ha; background NPK + Aminovell brand: Stimwell Set, 2.5 l/ha; background NPK + Aminovell brand: Stimwell Set, 3.0 l/ha. The first foliar top dressing of plants was carried out in the phase of 4-6 leaves, the 2nd - 15 days after the last top dressing. Top dressing of sunflower with organomineral fertilizer of Aminovella in the phase of 4-6 pairs of real leaves enhanced the linear growth of the root system, which occupies 46.8-50.6 cm of the active soil layer against 41.4 cm at the control (without top dressing). Depending on the consumption rates, the height of plants increases from 152 cm at the control to 180 cm at the last experiment (2-fold top dressing with a consumption rate of 3 l/ha). The crude fat content decreases significantly as the yield of the greenhouse increases (from 50.7% in the control to 46.3% in the last version of the experiment). In connection with this "dilution effect", the gross harvest of vegetable oil in the variant with the rate of consumption of the drug 3 l / ha (1472 kg / ha) is inferior to the variant with the rate of consumption of the drug 2.5 l / ha (1541 kg / ha).

Effect of organic mineral fertilizers and growth regulator on winter durum wheat crops under irrigation conditions in the Terek-Sulak subprovince of the republic of Dagestan

The current study has been carried out to determine the effect of mineral and organic mineral fertilizers, as well as a growth regulator on the productivity of promising winter durum wheat varieties, under irrigation conditions of meadow-chestnut heavy loamy soil in the Terek-Sulak subprovince of the Republic of Dagestan. In 2019–2021 there were laid on two trials on the experimental plot. In the first case, there were studied four variants of the effect of fertilizers on the productivity of promising varieties ‘Krupinka’ (control), ‘Krucha’, ‘Odari’ under irrigation conditions. There was used ammophos (background), 65 kg/ha a.i. under plowing; ammophos (background), 65 kg/ha a.i. for plowing + Polydon bio universal, 0.5 l/ha in the tillering phase + Polydon bio universal, 0.5 l/ha in the earing phase; ammophos (background), 65 kg/ha a.i. under arable land + ammonium nitrate 150 kg/ha in spring tillering + Polydon bio universal 0.5 l/ha in the tillering phase + Polydon bio universal 0.5 l/ha in the earing phase; ammophos (background), 65kg/ha a.i. for plowing + ammonium nitrate 150 kg/ha in spring tillering. In the second, three winter durum wheat varieties were treated before sowing with 0.5 l/t of Sprintalga and foliar top dressing was carried out in the spring tillering phase, in comparison with the control when seeds were treated with 10 l/t of the working liquid disinfectant Maxim KS. The conducted study has shown that the largest productivity of the studied winter durum wheat varieties was achieved in the third variant of the trial, where grain productivity of 8.36 t/ha was achieved for the variety ‘Odari’, the variety ‘Krucha’ was in second place with 7.91 t/ha of productivity, which was on 0.27 t/ha more than for the control variety ‘Krupinka’ and on 0.45 t/ha less than in the variety ‘Odari’. The use of a growth regulator has shown its significant effect on the grain productivity improvement. Seed treatment of winter durum wheat varieties and crops in the tillering phase with Sprintalgi had a positive effect on the growth, development, and improvement of grain yield. On average, over the years of research, the largest grain yield of 7.88 t / ha was obtained for the variety ‘Odari’, in the variant of seed and crop treatment with a growth regulator Sprintalgi. The productivity difference in the variant with seed treatment with Sprintalgi and with the working liquid treater Maxim KS was 0.67 t/ha for the variety ‘Odari’, 0.71 t/ha for ‘Krucha’ and 0.79 t/ha for ‘Krupinka’.

The effect of mineral nutrition systems as an element of cultivation technology of wine grape varieties on their productivity in the conditions of Crimea

The article presents study results of 2021-2022, conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the South Coastal and South-Western viticulture zones of Crimea on valuable wine grape varieties ‘Muscat Blanc’, ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ and ‘Rkatsiteli’. It was established that the use of experimental system of mineral nutrition with fertilizers of LLC “TD Izagri” on grape plantings during two growing seasons contributed to a significant increase in the growth of green matter of bushes on average by 154.1 cm3 (5.2%) for different varieties. It was concluded that five-fold foliar top dressing of vineyards with the studied mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the bunch weight by 5.7-16.8 g (4.8-7.7%), shoot productivity by an average of 6.3%, and an increase in the cropping capacity by 3.4-11.7% (4.2-18 c/ha), compared with the control variants. It was noted that the use of experimental systems of mineral nutrition against the background of grape productivity increasing raised the level of sugar concentration in grape must by an average of 5.4% (11.7 g/dm3). Based on the results obtained, it was proven that using of mineral fertilizers for two years did not have a negative effect on the quality of base wines obtained from grapes of the studied wine varieties.

Spectral Response of Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) to Different Nitrogen Fertilization Regimes under Mediterranean Conditions

Knowledge about the spectral response of camelina under different regimes of nitrogen (N) fertilization is very scarce. Therefore, 2-year open-field trials were carried out in the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons with the aim of evaluating the spectral response of spring camelina to four different N fertilization regimes by using remote (UAV) and proximal (leaf-clip Dualex) sensing techniques. The tested treatments were: (i) control: no N application (T0); (ii) top dressing: 60 kg N ha−1 before stem elongation (T1); basal dressing: 60 kg N ha−1 at sowing (T2); basal + top dressing combination: 60 kg N ha−1 at sowing + 60 kg N ha−1 before stem elongation (T3). Camelina seed yield and N use efficiency were strongly affected by fertilization regimes, with the best results obtained at T2. A reduction in plant development and seed yield was detected in 2022, probably due to the rise in air temperatures. A significant effect of both growing season and N fertilization was observed on the photosynthetic pigments content with the T1 highest values in 2022. The highest seed oil content was achieved at T1, while the protein content increased with increasing N, with the best values at T3. Positive and significant correlations were observed among several vegetation indices obtained through UAV flights (NDVI, MRS705, FGCC) and seed yield, as well as between FGCC and leaf N concentration. Overall, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing remote sensing techniques from UAVs for predicting seed yield in camelina.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DRUGS WITH PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PROPERTIES ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF POTATO SOLANUM TUBEROSUML. (USING ASCORBIC ACID AS AN EXAMPLE)

The paper discusses the problem of reducing the content of ascorbic acid (as a plant-protective antioxidant compound in Solanum tuberosumL. potato tubers) while improving the nutritional regime - the use of complete mineral fertilizer in low doses, humidity and temperature conditions and physiologically optimal for potato growth pH values (weakly alkaline). The possibilities of using exogenous antioxidants (humic preparations) to maintain the level of ascorbic acid in commercial products are considered. Experimental data were obtained in f eld studies on two types of soils and in two climatic regions (Voronezh and Moscow regions). It has been shown that humic preparations can maintain the level of ascorbic acid as an independent top dressing, and against the background of full mineral fertilizer with an increase in yield.

YIELD AND YIELD OF POTATOES OF THE SEED FRACTION OF POTATO VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE FOOD SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK

The article presents the results of research on the improvement of fertilization systems of potato varieties, as well as their impact on the structure of the seed tuber harvest depending on different norms and methods of applying mineral, macro- and micro-fertilizers Vuksal Makromix and the planting density and fraction of the planting material. The presented technological methods of cultivation will allow to increase the yield of the seed fraction in potato varieties. The highest yield of the seed fraction was noted in the Riviera variety in the variant where, with the local application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N45Р45K45, two foliar fertilizings were carried out with microfertilizer Vuksal Makromix with an interval of 14 days from the stemming phase, and a planting fraction of tubers of 40–45 mm was used for planting density 70 thousand pieces/ha – 29.1, t/ha, and the multiplication factor was 6.8, respectively. As for the early-ripening variety Dnipryanka, the highest yield of 26.8 t/ha and the multiplication factor of 6.2 was noted on this variant. It should be noted that the highest percentage of the yield of the seed fraction in the yield structure of the varieties was noted in the specified version of the experiment and was 89.6% in the Riviera variety, and 83.1% in the Dnipriyanka variety. A higher quantitative yield of planting tubers was noted in the Riviera variety. This indicator at a density of 70 thousand units/ha varied from 308 to 476 thousand units/ha, and was the highest in the variant with local application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N45Р45K45, where two foliar top dressings with Vuksal Macromix microfertilizer were carried out with an interval of 14 days from the stemming phase.The highest influence on the yield of seed potatoes of the nutrition system was noted - 66.8%, a relatively high influence of varietal characteristics, the share of which was 31.28%, a smaller influence of the fraction of planting material - 0.56%. The interaction of factors, in quantitative terms, is not high, but reliable, which is confirmed by the results of three-factor variance analysis.

Rumen-protected choline and methionine during the periparturient period affect choline metabolites, amino acids, and hepatic expression of genes associated with one-carbon and lipid metabolism

Feeding supplemental choline and Met during the periparturient period can have positive effects on cow performance; however, the mechanisms by which these nutrients affect performance and metabolism are unclear. The objective of this experiment was to determine if providing rumen-protected choline, rumen-protected Met, or both during the periparturient period modifies the choline metabolitic profile of plasma and milk, plasma AA, and hepatic mRNA expression of genes associated with choline, Met, and lipid metabolism. Cows (25 primiparous, 29 multiparous) were blocked by expected calving date and parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: control (no rumen-protected choline or rumen-protected Met); CHO (13 g/d choline ion); MET (9 g/d DL-methionine prepartum; 13.5 g/d DL-methionine, postpartum); or CHO + MET. Treatments were applied daily as a top dress from ~21 d prepartum through 35 d in milk (DIM). On the day of treatment enrollment (d -19 ± 2 relative to calving), blood samples were collected for covariate measurements. At 7 and 14 DIM, samples of blood and milk were collected for analysis of choline metabolites, including 16 species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 4 species of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Blood was also analyzed for AA concentrations. Liver samples collected from multiparous cows on the day of treatment enrollment and at 7 DIM were used for gene expression analysis. There was no consistent effect of CHO or MET on milk or plasma free choline, betaine, sphingomyelin, or glycerophosphocholine. However, CHO increased milk secretion of total LPC irrespective of MET for multiparous cows and in absence of MET for primiparous cows. Furthermore, CHO increased or tended to increase milk secretion of LPC 16:0, LPC 18:1, and LPC 18:0 for primi- and multiparous cows, although the response varied with MET supplementation. Feeding CHO also increased plasma concentrations of LPC 16:0 and LPC 18:1 in absence of MET for multiparous cows. Although milk secretion of total PC was unaffected, CHO and MET increased secretion of 6 and 5 individual PC species for multiparous cows, respectively. Plasma concentrations of total PC and individual PC species were unaffected by CHO or MET for multiparous cows, but MET reduced total PC and 11 PC species during wk 2 postpartum for primiparous cows. Feeding MET consistently increased plasma Met concentrations for both primi- and multiparous cows. Additionally, MET decreased plasma serine concentrations during wk 2 postpartum and increased plasma phenylalanine in absence of CHO for multiparous cows. In absence of MET, CHO tended to increase hepatic mRNA levels of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase and phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1 choline, α, but tended to decrease expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α irrespective of MET. Although shifts in the milk and plasma PC profile were subtle and inconsistent between primi- and multiparous cows, gene expression results suggest that supplemental choline plays a probable role in promoting the cytidine diphosphate-choline and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase pathways. However, interactive effects suggest that this response depends on Met availability, which may explain the inconsistent results observed among studies when supplemental choline is fed.