Brands Of Toothpaste Research Articles

Fluoride Concentrations in Different Brands of Toothpaste Marketed in Saudi Arabia.

This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and ionic fluoride (IF) in various toothpaste brands marketed in Saudi Arabia and compare them with the labelled values. Twenty toothpaste brands were randomly selected from supermarkets and hypermarkets in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. For each brand, two samples from different production batches were purchased and labelled as sample 1 and sample 2. TF and TSF were determined chemically, while IF was measured with fluoride electrodes. The measured fluoride concentrations were compared with the labelled values and the recommended 1000-1500 ppm range for effective caries prevention. In total, 40 toothpaste samples were analysed (20 from each of two batches). For TF, six toothpastes in sample 1 exceeded the standard limit of 1500 ppm, with a range of 2102-2462 ppm, while nine in sample 2 surpassed the limit, ranging from 1538 to 1846 ppm. Conversely, eight toothpastes in sample 1 and two in sample 2 were below the minimum recommended level of 1000 ppm, with ranges of 308-923 ppm and 615-923 ppm, respectively. The TSF ranged from 924 to 2157 ppm in sample 1 and 923-2154 ppm in sample 2. The IF varied from 615 to 2462 ppm in sample 1 and 308-2154 ppm in sample 2. Most toothpaste brands had fluoride levels within the recommended concentration range. However, a significant number exhibited fluoride levels either below the minimum effective dose or exceeding the maximum recommended limit. Fluoride variance in toothpaste demands awareness for dentists and public health to guide optimal caries prevention.

A Simple Experiment to Test the Toxicity of Toothpaste (3T Experiment): An Observational Pilot Study.

Introduction Ingredients in toothpaste can impact living cells and organisms. Fluorides in toothpaste are known to cause various disorders in both animals and humans. Based on these observations, we evaluated the effect of toothpaste ingredients on the survival of money plants (Epipremnum aureum). Methodology We selected four money plants and placed each one in a glass of water. After a three-day stabilization period, we added 100 mg of three commonly used toothpaste brands to the water of three glasses, each containing one money plant, for two weeks. One glass was maintained as a control without any toothpaste. We then observed the changes in the plants over the next four weeks. Results The plants exposed to toothpaste began to show discoloration within two weeks. The leaves withered and dried in all the treated plants within 30 days. In contrast, the control plant remained healthy and sprouted a new bud. Conclusion Our observations indicate that all three commonly used toothpaste brands were toxic to the money plant. These findings may encourage further experiments to study the toxicity of toothpaste ingredients.

Formulation, Evaluation and Comparison of Lab made Toothpaste with Marketed Brand of Toothpaste

Toothpaste is a paste or gel useful to maintain dental health and preventing dental disease like cavities and promote oral hygiene it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis. It contains surfactants and active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be toxic. The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish green, smooth in nature, ph-8.2, spreadability- Good and stable formulation. The outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabur Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and dental health of public.

A supramolecular fluorescence sensor array for the differentiation of multiple anions and prediction of iodine in artificial urine using machine learning.

The simultaneous discrimination and detection of multiple anions in an aqueous solution has been a major challenge due to their structural similarity and low charge radii. In this study, we have constructed a supramolecular fluorescence sensor array based on three host-guest complexes to distinguish five anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, and ClO-) in an aqueous solution using anionic-induced fluorescence quenching combined with linear discriminant analysis. Due to the different affinities of the three host-guest complexes for each anion the anion quenching efficiency for each host-guest complex was likewise different, and the five anions were well recognized. The fluorescence sensor array not only distinguished anions at different concentrations (0.5, 10, and 50 µM) with 100% accuracy but also showed good linearity within a certain concentration range. The limit of detection (LOD) was < 0.5 µM. Our interference study showed that the developed sensor array had good anti-interference ability. The practicability of the developed sensor array was also verified by the identification and differentiation of toothpaste brands with different fluoride content and the prediction of the iodine concentration in urine combined with machine learning.

Molecular Toxicity of Popular Toothpaste Formulations on Post-Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus

The widespread use of toothpaste containing various chemical formulations has raised concern regarding their potential impact on aquatic ecosystems. This research examines the molecular toxicity of popular toothpaste brands on post-juveniles of Clarias gariepinus from a commercial fish farm in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Specifically assessing the impact of these toothpaste brands on the mRNA expression levels of the heat shock protein (HSP70), interleukin (IL-1β), melatonin receptors (MEL1C), and growth hormone in comparison to a control group. The results revealed a significant upregulation of HSP70, IL-1β, and MEL1C genes in the exposed group, indicating a potential stress response and immune system activation. Intriguingly, the growth hormone mRNA expression remained unaffected in the treated group compared to the control. These findings underscore the need for further exploration into the potential molecular consequences of common toothpaste ingredients on aquatic organisms, raising important questions about environmental safety and consumer product development.

Evaluation of the effect of different toothpastes on the frictional resistance of aesthetic archwires: an in vitro study

there has been a trend for using aesthetic orthodontic treatment by many patients recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the brushing effect of three brands of toothpaste on the frictional resistance of two brands of aesthetic archwires (in wet conditions). in this study, two brands of fully coated aesthetic archwires, Teflon-coated and Epoxy-coated archwires, were utilized in the study. Forty segments from the straight ends of each archwire were cut (total of 80 wires), inserted into ceramic brackets and ligated with the conventional figure "O" elastomeric ligatures (bonded on CNC blocks). Every ten pieces for each type of aesthetic archwire were brushed for one minute daily for thirty days with three types of toothpaste (Ortho. Kin, GUMOrtho and LACALUT White &amp; Repair) and distilled water (except ten pieces for each type of aesthetic archwire were brushed only with distilled water and without toothpaste). These CNC blocks were tested using an Instron Tinius Olsen machine with distilled water. The tests used for statistical analysis were an Independent t-test and an ANOVA test at a 0.05 level of significance. The study showed no significant difference in static and kinetic frictional resistance between the coated archwire and the kinds of toothpaste. The orthodontists can use either Epoxy or Teflon-coated archwires for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (working stage) who are using either type of toothpaste (Ortho. Kin, GUMOrtho or LACALUT White &amp; Repair) for maintenance of oral hygiene. Keywords: Aesthetic archwires, Friction, Toothpaste

Synthesis of rare-earth metal-organic frameworks to construct high-resolution sensing array for multiplex anions detection, cell imaging and blood phosphorus monitoring

Accurate detection and differentiation of multiple anions is still a difficult problem due to their wide variety, structural similarity, and mutual interference. Hence, four rare-earth metal-organic frameworks (RE-MOFs) including Dy-MOFs, Er-MOFs, Tb-MOFs and Y-MOFs are successfully prepared by using TCPP as the ligand and rare-earth ions as the metal center via coordination chelation. It is found that 7 anions can light up their fluorescence. Thus, a high-resolution sensing array based on RE-MOFs nanoprobes is employed to differentiate these anions from intricate analytes in real-time scenarios. The distinctive host-guest response promotes the RE-MOFs nanoprobes to selectively extract the target anions from the complex samples. By taking advantage of the cross-response between RE-MOFs nanoprobes and anions, it allows to create an array for detecting target analytes using pattern recognition. Additionally, RE-MOFs nanoprobes also facilitate the quantitative analysis of these anions (PO43−, H2PO4−, HPO42−, F−, S2−, CO32– and C2O42−). More importantly, the exceptional effectiveness of this method has been demonstrated through various successful applications, including quality monitoring of 8 toothpaste brands, intracellular phosphate imaging, and blood phosphorus detection in mice with vascular calcification. These findings provide robust evidence for the efficacy and reliability of the RE-MOFs nanoprobes array for anion recognition.

How to improve brand image: The role of customer attitude, brand familiarity, brand awareness, and brand extension

This article is a publication of a research finding aimed to determine the influence of customer attitude, brand familiarity, brand awareness, and brand extension toward brand image (study case using toothpaste brand XYZ). Brand image is one of the key factors of brand managemrnt to stay survive in the future, to win the competition, to increase sales, and therefore increasing revenue. When consumers buy a products or services, they not just buy the products or services, they also buy what the brand stand for. It means that a brand should convey exactly what producers want it to say. Results of data analysis show that all of the independent variables contribute positive significant, both simultaneously and individually, influence on brand image, which, among the four independent variables, brand familiarity contributes the biggest positive significant influence on brand image. The implications of the findings will be discussed.

How Do Halal Labels, Pricing, and Promotion Affect Sasha Toothpaste Purchasing Decisions?

During the pandemic, many companies experienced decline in revenue, including the toothpaste industry. Sasha toothpaste product is one of the halal toothpaste brands that has variability so authors conducted research on several variables that can influence purchasing decisions related to sales of Sasha toothpaste. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of the Halal label, price, and promotion on purchasing decisions for Sasha toothpaste. Descriptive analysis with quantitative approach is used in the research design. With 75 respondents and non-probability sampling technique, it is continued with several analytical test. The results of this study indicate that the Halal label has no effect on the decision to buy Sasha toothpaste while the price and promotion do. At the simultant way, halal label, price and promotion affect decision to buy Sasha toothpaste. The halal label variable in making a consumer decision to buy toothpaste is a novelty in this study, because previous research focused more on marketing mix variables such as price and promotion only. It is recommended that the placement of halal label on this product be emphasized more clearly so consumers can be more aware of the existence of halal label on its packaging

PEOPLE'S VIEW IN SELECTING A TOOTHPASTE – A QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY

Introduction Common oral diseases like dental caries and periodontal diseases can be prevented by maintaining proper oral hygiene. Selecting the right toothbrush and toothpaste as well as brushing techniques by an individual is essential for oral hygiene maintenance. This study is conducted to analyse people's view on toothpaste selection. Materials and Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 Out-Patients attending a dental college in Melmaruvathur during the month of February 2023. The questionnaire had 11 closed- end questions regarding demographic details and preferences in selecting toothpaste. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis was performed. Results The present study included 55% males and 45% females.Around 60% of them were graduates and 37% were less than 20 years.Around 60% of them select toothpaste based on the suggestion of their family and dentist. Colgate was the commonly used toothpaste brand (42%).Three-fourths of the study population (75%) did not change their toothpaste brand frequently. Many study participants reported that their toothpaste contains fluoride (45%), prevents dental caries (49%), whitens teeth (36%), prevent tartar built-up (50%) and freshens breath (66%). No significant association was found between age, gender, socio-economic status and toothpaste selection. Conclusion The present study conclude that majority of the participants selected their toothpaste based on family members' suggestion. The preference is not based on the fluoride content / specific categories. General population should be educated about the use of fluoridated toothpastes

Antimicrobial activity of toothpastes and mouthwashes against oral Staphylococcus aureus isolates

The incorporation of chemical agents with anti-plaque or antimicrobial activity into dental products has been proposed as a potential prophylactic method of reducing plaque-mediated disease. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of different brands of toothpaste and mouthwash on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the mouth of healthy Pharmacy students of Igbinedion University Okada. Samples from 40 students {20 male and 20 female students} were included in the study. Swabs were taken from areas very close to the bottom teeth in the students included in the study. The samples were processed in the Pharmaceutical Microbiology laboratory according to standard microbiological procedures for bacteria. Five isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus among the isolates obtained and used in the susceptibility testing of the toothpastes and mouthwashes using the agar well diffusion method. The selected toothpastes were observed to have better inhibitory activity on the isolates compared to the mouthwash. Toothpaste B had better inhibitory activity on the isolates compared to the other toothpastes. This study shows that dentifrice containing fluoride as main active agent proved more active against the isolates obtained than other dentifrice not containing fluoride as their main active agent.

Users' Behavior on Diverse Toothpaste Brands in Bangladesh: An Experimental Survey on Dhaka City

Purpose: In the modern marketing age, consumers are seen as the king or monarch of the market because the company’s offerings are designed, created, delivered, and communicated according to the target market's likes, preferences, tastes, and choices. Therefore, marketers must realize and know about the consumers’ purchasing behavior, attitudes, and roles in the marketplace. It necessitates an understanding of the factors influencing users' behavior when purchasing and using a product or service and their choice of a brand. Methodology: Using 5 points Likert Scale, the sample number is 250 for five brands, with 50 comprising ten features comprising order to preserve uniformity. Furthermore, 30 responders offered their thoughts on the pretesting questions. SPSS 24.0 version has been adopted to analyze the variables. ANOVA assesses means differences in various variables for distinct toothpaste brands to test for relevance. Duncan's Multiple Range Test was employed to evaluate, contrast, and determine the range between several average scores. The assessment of a user's behaviors is taken into consideration by Mertin Fishbein's Multi-attribute Attitude Model. Findings: Toothpaste is a fast-moving consumer good as toiletries items that people buy and use regularly. In the study, the researcher emphasizes the user’s behavior towards different toothpaste brands with their lifestyle. Here ten of the nineteen attributes are identified as contributing variables that encourage customers to choose a specific brand of toothpaste from the five available toothpastes. According to the study, Mediplus has the best brand image from customers among the five preferred toothpaste brands, while Colgate has the lowest. Practical Implications: The toothpaste businesses and organizations can utilize the investigation’s results as a benchmark for improving their goods and developing market strategies. Originality: We conducted this study on our own, without using any materials from other sources. This would bring fresh insights to Bangladesh's toothpaste industry, which focuses on different brands, brand associations, product features, and user behavior. Limitations: To promote more reliable research in the future, the study's many constraints in the field of research should be addressed. Just 250 customers from various parts of Dhaka City were used as participants in the research; there may have been more. More studies may be carried out to evaluate executives' opinions of the advantages and dangers associated with various brands for each attribute of toothpaste compared to other categories.

Cultural Values as Business Strategy in Product Marketing: A Study of Select Indian Toothpaste and Body Soap Brands

The consumers in the Indian society are vastly influenced by religion, societal values, belief system, and rootedness in the core tradition. These core values are strongly embedded in their sub conscious mind and sub-culture. Keeping in mind of the need of each set of customers, several FMCG brands are cautious about launching of their brands in India. The cosmetics and personal care industry is one of the fastest growing consumer products sectors in India. The buying behaviour of the consumers is greatly influenced by the culture and its apparent homogeneity of preferences. Not many studies were undertaken by the researchers on the influence of cultural values and its impact of the consumer preferences and behaviour in India. The aims and objectives of the present study are to determine the importance of the cultural values that contribute, shape the consumer behaviour in the Indian context for the select brands of toothpaste and body soap.

The Influence of NCT 127 Brand Ambassador on The “Click” Toothpaste Brand Image in NCTzen

Toothpaste is one of the primary needs of the community, which means that the community needs its supply. As a dental health product, the type of toothpaste also has a significant influence, not only on dental health but also on fresh breath. Several companies with well-known toothpaste brands always try to promote their products in various ways. Through television and advertisements, like toothpaste "Click", whose sales are increasing due to cooperating with a K-pop music group from South Korea named NCT 127, a brand ambassador to support its sales and marketing. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether and how much influence NCT 127 as brand ambassadors had on the brand image of the "Click" toothpaste product in the Nctzen fandom. The population in this study were followers of the Twitter account @nctzenbase, which has 752,000, while the research sample used the Slovin sampling technique with as many as 433 respondents. The instruments used in this study were brand ambassador and brand image questionnaires that researchers had modified. This type of research is quantitative research with a mixed-methods approach. The data obtained were then analyzed using SPSS software. The study results show that the brand ambassadors of NCT 127 influence the "Click" toothpaste brand image. The magnitude of the effect is 37,7% so that other factors as much as 63,3% are influenced by other variables not examined.

Fluoride content in paediatric dentifrices commercialized in Brazil.

The aim of this study is to determine the total, soluble and ionic fluoride (IF) concentration in toothpastes for children since there is a lack of information about this data. Fifteen different brands of toothpastes were purchased in different cities in Brazil. The total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and IF of two samples of each brand were determined (μg/g F). The concentration of TF found in the fluoride toothpastes ranged from 324.4 to 1466.2μg/g F, TSF ranged from 214.6 to 1424.1μg/g F and IF ranged from 108.3 to 1320.1μg/g F. TSF ranged between TF and IF. Most toothpastes were formulated with sodium fluoride (NaF), and only one with monofluorophosphate (MFP). The concentrations of TF were below the reported values. TSF and IF were below the TF concentration. The measured TF was less than that declared by the manufacturer in all the products. Most of the evaluated fluoride toothpastes commercialized in Brazil showed concentrations of TF below what was stated on the packaging, but with enough TSF to provide an anti-caries effect.

Factors Influencing the Choice of Toothpaste and Investigation of Those Most Commercialized by Students in Settat, Morocco

Background: This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the choice of toothpaste by students in Settat (Morocco) and investigate the characteristics of those most commercialized in this region. Methods: A close-ended questionnaire was developed and filled out. This was a cross-sectional study of 429 students who agreed to participate. Based on questionnaire data, the 15 most commercialized toothpaste by respondents were purchased, and their packaging was investigated. Results: After analysis using Excel 2019, the results revealed that the major factors influencing the choice of toothpaste are brand 55%, family choice 48%, and media advertisements 40%. Moreover, about 57% of respondents chose toothpaste brands with monofluorophosphate as a therapeutic fluoridated agent, whereas 41% chose those with NaF. In addition, 85% of respondents chose a toothpaste brand that has silica abrasive. Moreover, only 44% chose toothpaste with production and expiration dates. Finally, the total fluoride and total soluble fluoride were lower compared with the quantity of fluoride expected from the packaging. Conclusions: The present study indicated that the respondents selected their toothpaste primarily based on brands, family choices, and media advertisements. Incomplete labeling was encountered in toothpaste used by 58% of the respondents.

Facile and rapid synthesis of copper nanoclusters as a fluorescent probe for the sensitive detection of fluoride ions with the assistance of aluminum

A facile, environmentally friendly, and rapid synthesis approach has been developed for the preparation of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs). It takes 2 min to synthesize CuNCs only by simply tuning pH value of glutathione (GSH) and copper ions mixture at room temperature. CuNCs exhibit an emission maximum peak at 646 nm with excitation maximum at 340 nm. A luminescent off-on-off nanoswitch is triggered by aluminum (Al3+) and fluoride (F−) ions in terms of physical state changes between aggregation and dispersion of CuNCs. Al3+ ions can immediately stimulate to produce aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of CuNCs. The molecular vibrations and rotations of rigidified ligands on the surface of aggregation of CuNCs are confined, reducing the nonradiative decay pathway. So, fluorescence emission of aggregated CuNCs is greatly enhanced. This specific behavior of CuNCs by fluorescent light-up mode is capable to quantify Al3+ in the range from 0.1 to 200 μM with LOD of 59 nM. Moreover, we explore the use of disaggregation-caused quenching (DCQ) of CuNCs for the detection of F− ions by taking advantages of the higher affinity of Al3+ and F− over that of Al3+ and carboxyl on surface groups of CuCNs. So, AIE of CuNCs is greatly inhibited. This system exhibits signal-off response towards F− with a detection range from 5 to 80 μM with LOD of 1.64 μM. Importantly, this approach has been successfully applied to the detection of Al3+ in tap and lake water as well as F− ions in three brands of toothpaste. It has great potential to expand the application of CuNCs-based sensors in the field of daily necessities and environmental monitoring.

Modernity, beauty and the Swedish “way of life”: lifestyle marketing in Stomatol toothpaste advertisements, 1910–1940

PurposeThis paper aims to challenge the assumption that brands of everyday products have only used lifestyle marketing in the past 30 years by conducting the first case study of the marketing practices of the Swedish toothpaste brand Stomatol (1910–1940). Through visual social semiotic analysis, it explores how the brand was a pioneer in lifestyle marketing, using discourses of modernity, beauty and the Swedish “way of life” to sell its toothpaste.Design/methodology/approachTwo hundred Stomatol advertisements were collected from the Swedish Historical Newspaper Archive and analysed using visual social semiotics. The analysis considers how the idea of a cultural Swedishness centred around modernity and beauty developed between 1910 and 1940, and how both linguistic and semiotic resources were used to make these claims seem credible.FindingsAt a time when its main adversaries were capitalising upon science in their advertisements to construct authority and credibility, Stomatol instead targeted lifestyle. Modernity, beauty and the Swedish “way of life” were central themes of their marketing campaigns, yet the way these themes were articulated varied between 1910 and 1940 in accordance with changing popular discourse. This made Stomatol more competitive than other toothpaste brands because it was able to sell an experience rather than a product, turning it into Sweden’s most popular toothpaste.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates the importance of case studies to challenge the assumption that toothpaste brands have only used lifestyle marketing in the past 30 years (a claim based on Anglocentrism). It also showcases the need to further investigate non-Anglo countries when conducting research into lifestyle marketing to build a more nuanced perspective on its origins and the supposed novelty of (largely) US practices. Thus, Stomatol makes an important case for Sweden as a trailblazer in lifestyle marketing.

Evoked set

Consumer behaviour is a sense of how folks make decisions to spend their accessible means like time, money, effort on consumption of diverse merchandises and amenities. Fast moving consumer goods industry is in spotlight as it is growing with rapid swiftness over last decade peculiarly in rural domain. The ambition of the study is to find relation between known, accepted and purchased brands of toothpaste and shampoo product category in fmcg in rural settings. As, the knowledge of rural buying behaviour sheds the light on the consciousness of how rural patrons think, feel, argue and select amongst prevailing alternatives. That's all lead to understanding - how marketers can improve their marketing campaigns to more effectively reach the rural consumer. The conclusion was drained from the study that there is positive correlation between known, accepted/considered and purchased toothpaste and shampoo product category. Study clearly indicates that in today’s day and era rural consumer take conscious decision of purchasing and do not purchase anything and everything presented to them.

Dentifrício fluoretado, vigilância sanitária e o SUS: o caso de Manaus-AM

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To determine the anticaries potential of toothpastes distributed by the primary health care public clinics (UBS) of Manaus, AM.METHODS Ninety-nine tubes of toothpaste from four commercial brands were collected from October 7, 2019 to October 11, 2019 in 16 UBS. They were assigned a code by brand and source UBS. According to the information on the packaging, the four brands and their batches were formulated with sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2FPO3) and most (91%) had calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as an abrasive. We determined the concentrations of total fluoride (TF = TSF + InsF) and total soluble fluoride (TSF = F ions- or FPO32-), to certify whether they were in compliance with resolution ANVISA RDC No. 530 (maximum of 1,500 ppm TF) and whether they had anticaries potential (minimum of 1,000 ppm TSF). The analyses were performed with a ion- specific electrode.RESULTS The concentrations (ppm F) of TF [mean; standard deviation (SD); n] found in toothpaste brands A (1,502.3; SD = 45.6; n = 33), B (1,135.5; SD = 52.7; n = 48) and D (936.8; SD = 20.5; N = 8) were close to those stated on the package, 1,500, 1,100 and 1,000 ppm F, respectively. In toothpaste C, we found a mean of 274.1 ppm (SD = 219.7; n = 10) of TF, which diverges from the declared concentration of 1,500 ppm F. In addition, the five tubes of lot no. 11681118 of toothpaste C did not contain fluoride. Regarding TSF, with the exception of toothpaste D (937.9; SD = 40.29), the others had a lower concentration than their respective TF.CONCLUSION We found serious problems of quantity and quality of fluoride in toothpaste distributed by the SUS in Manaus, which shows the need for surveillance of these products and confirms the urgency of revising resolution RDC No. 530.