Tooth Root Research Articles

FGF signaling modulates mechanotransduction/WNT signaling in progenitors during tooth root development

Stem/progenitor cells differentiate into different cell lineages during organ development and morphogenesis. Signaling pathway networks and mechanotransduction are important factors to guide the lineage commitment of stem/progenitor cells during craniofacial tissue morphogenesis. Here, we used tooth root development as a model to explore the roles of FGF signaling and mechanotransduction as well as their interaction in regulating the progenitor cell fate decision. We show that Fgfr1 is expressed in the mesenchymal progenitor cells and their progeny during tooth root development. Loss of Fgfr1 in Gli1+ progenitors leads to hyperproliferation and differentiation, which causes narrowed periodontal ligament (PDL) space with abnormal cementum/bone formation leading to ankylosis. We further show that aberrant activation of WNT signaling and mechanosensitive channel Piezo2 occurs after loss of FGF signaling in Gli1-CreER;Fgfr1fl/fl mice. Overexpression of Piezo2 leads to increased osteoblastic differentiation and decreased Piezo2 leads to downregulation of WNT signaling. Mechanistically, an FGF/PIEZO2/WNT signaling cascade plays a crucial role in modulating the fate of progenitors during root morphogenesis. Downregulation of WNT signaling rescues tooth ankylosis in Fgfr1 mutant mice. Collectively, our findings uncover the mechanism by which FGF signaling regulates the fate decisions of stem/progenitor cells, and the interactions among signaling pathways and mechanotransduction during tooth root development, providing insights for future tooth root regeneration.

Vole genomics links determinate and indeterminate growth of teeth.

Continuously growing teeth are an important innovation in mammalian evolution, yet genetic regulation of continuous growth by stem cells remains incompletely understood. Dental stem cells responsible for tooth crown growth are lost at the onset of tooth root formation. Genetic signaling that initiates this loss is difficult to study with the ever-growing incisor and rooted molars of mice, the most common mammalian dental model species, because signals for root formation overlap with signals that pattern tooth size and shape (i.e., cusp patterns). Different species of voles (Cricetidae, Rodentia, Glires) have evolved rooted and unrooted molars that have similar size and shape, providing alternative models for studying roots. We assembled a de novo genome of Myodes glareolus, a vole with high-crowned, rooted molars, and performed genomic and transcriptomic analyses in a broad phylogenetic context of Glires (rodents and lagomorphs) to assess differential selection and evolution in tooth forming genes. We identified 15 dental genes with changing synteny relationships and six dental genes undergoing positive selection across Glires, two of which were undergoing positive selection in species with unrooted molars, Dspp and Aqp1. Decreased expression of both genes in prairie voles with unrooted molars compared to bank voles supports the presence of positive selection and may underlie differences in root formation. Bulk transcriptomics analyses of embryonic molar development in bank voles also demonstrated conserved patterns of dental gene expression compared to mice, with species-specific variation likely related to developmental timing and morphological differences between mouse and vole molars. Our results support ongoing evolution of dental genes across Glires, revealing the complex evolutionary background of convergent evolution for ever-growing molars.

The Effectiveness of Belimbing Wuluh Fruit Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L) as A Smear Layer Cleanser

Background: Root canal treatment is an effort to maintain the function and aesthetics of teeth. The smear layer is formed from the remains of instrumentation composed of organic and inorganic components. A smear layer in the tooth root canal will benefit the adhesion and colonization of microorganisms, block the action of disinfectant solutions, and prevent medicaments in the tooth root canal from penetrating the dentin tubules in the tooth root canal walls. Irrigation can be used for cleaning and disinfection in areas of the root canal that cannot be reached using instruments. Starfruit contains alkoloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and triterpenoids. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of star fruit extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L) as a smear layer cleaning agent. Materials and Methods: This researcher used laboratory or experimental testing called Post Test Only Control Design. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling technique involving four treatments and six repetitions. The statistical test used is the Mann-Whiteney test. Results: Based on the Mann-Whiteney test, the test results obtained a p-value of 0.093 which is more significant than 0.05 (p-value 0.05). The results showed no significant difference between the 17% EDTA and 35% extract treatment groups regarding smear layer cleanliness. The 35% extract group is as good as the 17% EDTA group. Conclusion: star fruit extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L) is 35% effective in cleaning the smear layer.

Study on Spline Stress of Separator Plates in a Wet Multi-Plate Clutch

The spline teeth fracture of separator plates in wet multi-plate clutches compromises driving safety and the vehicle’s lifespan. Tooth fracture is mainly caused by stress concentration at the tooth root and uneven circumferential load distribution. This paper considers parameters such as torque, teeth count, tooth profile, and misalignment errors, establishing the corresponding finite element (FE) model to analyze the impact of the above-mentioned parameters on the strength of the separator plates. Analysis under even and biased load circumstances demonstrated that an optimum tooth count and profile can significantly increase the strength of the separator plates, offering advice for the optimized design of wet multi-plate clutch separator plates.

Knowledge differences between general practitioners and orthodontists about Invisalign clear aligner treatment – a cross-sectional survey-based study

ABSTRACT Purpose This study investigated the knowledge differences between general practitioners and orthodontists about the Invisalign system. Materials and methods A web-based survey regarding 10 Invisalign treatment domains was distributed to 161 orthodontists and 213 general practitioners. The responses were ranked using a Likert-type scale and analysed with the Chi-square test and Bonferroni adjustment. Results The response rate was 52.1% for general practitioners and 63.4% for orthodontists. Comparing Invisalign to conventional fixed appliances, orthodontists agreed/strongly agreed that Invisalign aligners are suitable for all types of cases (p = 0.001). Orthodontists also agreed that it causes less tooth discomfort (p = 0.01) and an increased number of attachments can affect its esthetic perception (p = 0.014) but general practitioners opted for the ‘Do Not Know’ option (p ≤ 0.01). General practitioners also responded ‘Do Not Know’ to whether Invisalign treatment finishes in a shorter duration (p = 0.001), achieves all types of tooth movement (p < 0.001) and results in better periodontal health (p = 0.001). Orthodontists were more likely to disagree/strongly disagree that Invisalign treatment results in less tooth root resorption (p = 0.008), better American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System and Peer Assessment Rating scores (p < 0.001) and low risk of relapse (p < 0.001), while general practitioners opted for the ‘Do Not Know’ option (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion Regarding Invisalign treatment, this study found that orthodontists were generally evidenced-based but general practitioners lacked such knowledge, suggesting that general practitioners must be provided with relevant evidenced-based information.

Recommendations to minimize tooth root remodeling in patients undergoing maxillary osteotomies

The purpose of this study was to report root remodeling/resorption percentages of maxillary teeth following the different maxillary osteotomies; i.e. one-piece, two-pieces, three-pieces Le Fort I, surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE). The possibility of relationships between root remodeling and various patient- and/or treatment-related factors were further investigated. A total of 110 patients (1075 teeth) who underwent combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgery were studied retrospectively. The sample size was divided into: 30 patients in one-piece Le Fort I group, 30 patients in multi-pieces Le Fort I group, 20 patients in SARPE group and 30 patients in orthodontic group. Preoperative and 1 year postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained. A validated and automated method for evaluating root remodeling and resorption in three dimensions (3D) was applied. SARPE group showed the highest percentage of root remodeling. Spearman correlation coefficient revealed a positive relationship between maxillary advancement and root remodeling, with more advancement contributing to more root remodeling. On the other hand, the orthodontic group showed a negative correlation with age indicating increased root remodeling in younger patients. Based on the reported results of linear, volumetric and morphological changes of the root after 1 year, clinical recommendations were provided in the form of decision tree flowchart and tables. These recommendations can serve as a valuable resource for surgeons in estimating and managing root remodeling and resorption associated with different maxillary surgical techniques.

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Dental Anomalies Among Children Through Panoramic Radiographs for Five Years in Ahvaz, Iran

Background: Malocclusions, cosmetic problems, some problems linked to tooth extraction and root canal treatment, and other diseases of the mouth and teeth can occur as a result of dental anomalies (DAs). Objectives: The present research was conducted to determine the prevalence of DAs through panoramic radiographs of children in Ahvaz, Iran, in five years (2018 - 2022). Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 1000 panoramic radiographs were selected from the archives of the Radiology Department of Ahvaz Dental School and other radiology centers of the city related to children in the age group of 5 - 12 years. A pediatric dental assistant and a pediatric dental specialist evaluated them for the presence of DAs based on Lam's (2014) criteria and definitions. The frequency of DAs was reported based on numbers and percentages. Finally, the raw results were analyzed using the chi-square test and Student's t-test at the significance level of α = 0.05 by SPSS software version 25. Results: The results showed that only 150 (15%) patients had at least one DA and 850 (85%) had no DAs. Most DAs were related to dental missing (4.2%), dental transposition (2.9%), and ectopic growth (2.2%). The frequency of dental missing (71.4% vs. 28.6%) and dental transposition (72.4% vs. 27.6%) in boys were significantly higher than in girls. The frequency of DAs missing teeth in the lower jaw (61.9%) was significantly more than in the upper jaw (38.1%). Conclusions: Anomalies of missing teeth, transposition, and ectopic growths are among the most common anomalies in Ahvaz children, but the anomalies of microdontia, tooth displacement, dens evaginates, and dentinogenesis imperfect were rare DAs among them. As the prevalence of DAs in Ahvaz children is estimated to be high, early diagnosis and treatment of this complication are suggested as a means to prevent complications.

Mycotic flora characteristics of the endontic flora in patients affected by COVID-19

BACKGROUND: Owing to the fact that, presently, at a dental appointment, it is possible to observe a wide range of consequences arising after COVID-19, among which are observed lesions of the pulp and periodontium of the tooth, additional diagnostic methods should be introduced before choosing treatment tactics. In our previous study, we analyzed the contents of root canals of teeth in patients who had COVID-19 using bacterioscopy. Coccus flora was detected in all cases and elements of Candida yeast-like fungi were recorded in 89 cases (76.1%). Based on the obtained data, it was advantageous to perform microbiological examination of the endodontium in this group of patients to further study their physical and chemical properties and correct the treatment regimen in gangrenous form of chronic pulpitis and aggravated forms of periodontitis, which determined the relevance of the present study. AIM: To reveal the characteristics of the mycotic flora of the endodontium in patients who previously had COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bacteriologic study of root canal contents in patients who had previously undergone a new coronavirus infection at different times, diagnosed as “exacerbation of chronic periodontitis”, “chronic gangrenous pulpitis”, and “acute suppurative periodontitis”, was conducted to detect fungi of the genus Candida in the tooth root canal system, which was obtained during mechanical treatment with a sterile endodontic instrument. The patients (n=49) were divided into groups according to their final diagnosis: group 1, chronic gangrenous pulpitis (27 patients); group 2, acute purulent periodontitis (9 patients); and group 3, exacerbation of chronic periodontitis (13 patients). Then, the collected material was placed in a tube with Amies transport medium and sent to the laboratory. Seeding of the material was performed in sterile Petri dishes on Sabouraud agar by rubbing with a plastic spatula. Further, Petri dishes were placed in the thermostat for 24–48 hours of incubation at 37±10 °C. Then, the study was carried out according to the generally accepted scheme: the obtained cultures were identified to species by the character of growth on dense medium. RESULTS: The given bacteriological study of the patients’ endontic contents confirmed the data of bacterioscopy and concretized the previously obtained results. On final examination, black colonies of Candida albicans were observed in 95.92% of cases. No growth of Candida albicans colonies was observed in two cases (4.08%). CONCLUSION: The bacteriologic study performed after bacterioscopy of diagnosis confirmed the presence of fungi of the genus Candida in the root canals of teeth in patients who previously had COVID-19. The study showed that when treating similar patients, the high risk of infection of periodontal complex tissues by Candida fungi should be considered. It is advisable to supplement the standard protocols of endodontic treatment with physical exposure, for example, laser radiation, or additional medication with antifungal drugs, such as fluconazole.

Comparative Analysis of Surgical Techniques for Wisdom Tooth Extraction.

Wisdom tooth extraction often requires various surgical techniques due to differences in tooth position, root morphology, and patient characteristics. This research aims to compare traditional surgical extraction with minimally invasive techniques such as piezo surgery and laser-assisted extraction, as well as extraction with the aid of 3D imaging and navigation systems. Patients requiring wisdom tooth extraction were randomly assigned to one of the surgical technique groups. Preoperative imaging assessed tooth position and root morphology. Intraoperative variables and postoperative outcomes were recorded, including pain levels, swelling, and healing time. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Piezo surgery, 3D imaging, and navigation-guided extraction techniques demonstrated a shorter mean duration of surgery and lower incidence of intraoperative complications compared to traditional extraction and laser-assisted extraction. Postoperative outcomes were superior in the 3D imaging and navigation-guided extraction group, with lower pain scores, reduced swelling, and faster healing time. Advanced imaging-guided techniques, particularly 3D imaging and navigation-guided extraction, offer significant benefits for patients undergoing wisdom tooth extraction by improving surgical precision, minimizing complications, and enhancing postoperative outcomes. Incorporating these technologies into routine practice can optimize patient care and outcomes in oral surgery.

Evaluation of Cone Beam Computerized Tomography: Effects of Maxillary Bones and Their Influence on the Point of Next Teeth and Canine Development.

In this study, individuals with unilateral palatally shifted canines had cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image palatally displaced canine (PDC) and non-PDC sides investigate the anatomy of their upper teeth adopting a "surface matching" approach. The CBCT scans of an overall of 28 people with unilateral PDC were chosen. Every single tooth in research was broken down and turned into a three-dimensional structure utilizing identical research programs, which made it possible to quantify the total length of the tooth root. Assessing the lateral incisor (LI) roots quantities and widths of the control category, non-PDC side, and PDC sides revealed statistically significant variations (P < 0.001). Compared to contra-lateral LIs, LIs next to PDCs possess small roots. In addition, patients with unilateral PDCs had structural abnormalities between their canines and LIs.

Prediction of residual stress depth profiles in case-carburized gears

Residual stresses have a significant influence on the load carrying capacity of gears. High near-surface compressive residual stresses can increase pitting strength and tooth root bending strength up to 50%. Tooth flank fracture (TFF) is a gear fatigue failure mode, which is in contrast to pitting or tooth root breakage not initiated at the surface or close to the surface but in larger material depths beneath the active gear flank. Therefore, the residual stresses in larger material depths are decisive for TFF. In these larger material depths, the residual stress conditions are almost unknown up to now. It is assumed that tensile residual stresses are present in these areas, which can negatively influence the TFF load carrying capacity. So far, no validated methods are known to estimate or predict these tensile residual stresses. As a result, the tensile residual stresses could not be considered in the calculation methods for the risk of TFF at all until recently.This paper presents a method to predict the residual stresses in case-carburized gears based on comprehensive numerical simulations of case-carburizing processes of different-sized gears. The calculated residual stress profiles also consider the tensile residual stresses in larger material depths.

Etiological Mechanisms and Genetic/Biological Modulation Related to PTH1R in Primary Failure of Tooth Eruption.

Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare disorder that is characterized by the inability of a molar tooth/teeth to erupt to the occlusal plane or to normally react to orthodontic force. This condition is related to hereditary factors and has been extensively researched over many years. However, the etiological mechanisms of pathogenesis are still not fully understood. Evidence from studies on PFE cases has shown that PFE patients may carry parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) gene mutations, and genetic detection can be used to diagnose PFE at an early stage. PTH1R variants can lead to altered protein structure, impaired protein function, and abnormal biological activities of the cells, which may ultimately impact the behavior of teeth, as observed in PFE. Dental follicle cells play a critical role in tooth eruption and root development and are regulated by parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-PTH1R signaling in their differentiation and other activities. PTHrP-PTH1R signaling also regulates the activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and odontoclasts during tooth development and eruption. When interference occurs in the PTHrP-PTH1R signaling pathway, the normal function of dental follicles and bone remodeling are impaired. This review provides an overview of PTH1R variants and their correlation with PFE, and highlights that a disruption of PTHrP-PTH1R signaling impairs the normal process of tooth development and eruption, thus providing insight into the underlying mechanisms related to PTH1R and its role in driving PFE.

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of 1% and 3% Sodium hypochlorite in reducing the microbial counts in primary teeth root canals using Bioluminometer – A randomized clinical trial

PurposeSodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is commonly used to irrigate primary teeth during pulpectomy. Although high concentrations of NaOCl are effective, they pose a risk of toxic damage to periapical tissues if NaOCl penetrates through the apical foramen. Therefore, low concentrations of NaOCl are preferred to mitigate this risk. However, concerns persist regarding the antibacterial efficacy of low concentrations of NaOCl compared to high concentrations. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of 1% and 3% NaOCl irrigation in reducing bacterial load within primary teeth root canals. Materials and methodsThis clinical study involved forty participants divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 20) received canal irrigation with 1 % NaOCl solution, while Group 2 (n = 20) received canal irrigation with 3 % NaOCl solution. Microbial samples were collected from the root canal using a paper point before and after irrigation. The samples were aseptically transferred to ultra-snap tubes and then analyzed using a Bioluminometer. The results were recorded. ResultsBoth groups exhibited a decrease in bacterial count after irrigation. The mean colony count post irrigation for 3 % NaOCl was 258.05 ± 28.61, and for 1 % NaOCl it was 267.60 ± 30.56. However, no statistically significant difference was observed upon intergroup comparison. ConclusionThis study shows that 1% NaOCl is equally effective as 3% NaOCl in reducing bacterial count in root canals. Thus, using 1% NaOCl as an irrigant is appropriate in clinical practice.

Crack initiation life of aviation gear pair

Abstract The gear transmission system is an important part of the aero-engine. The most serious fault is tooth root fatigue fracture. This paper mainly discusses the time of fatigue crack initiation stage of aviation gear tooth root position. The crack initiation state can be evaluated by analyzing the root stress. The static contact analysis is solved by using the generated aviation gear pair model. The maximum stress in the bending direction of gear teeth is calculated. The changing pattern of tooth root stress with meshing position is described in detail. According to the multi-axial stress fatigue theory, the surface damage parameters and fatigue life of the gear tooth root position are calculated, and the location of the crack initiation is obtained. Fatigue cracks often appear at half of the gear tooth width and near the tooth root circle.

Instantaneous mesh load factor (Kγ ) measurements in a wind turbine gearbox using fiber-optic strain sensors

The mesh load factor, Kγ , describes how loads are shared between planet gears and has become one of the key design challenges in modern wind turbine gearboxes. Planet load sharing directly impacts tooth root stresses, a critical driver of torque density and gearbox reliability. Experimental evaluation of Kγ is typically performed from sun gear tooth root strain gauge measurements, which are complex. Furthermore, such measurements can only provide an average value of load sharing. The present study describes an alternative method to evaluate the mesh load factor in wind turbine gearboxes based on fiber-optic strain sensors installed on the outer surface of the fixed ring gear. We present the results of an extensive measurement campaign to evaluate this novel sensing solution installed on the input planetary stage of a 2-MW wind turbine gearbox at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Flatirons Campus (Colorado, USA). The number of strain sensors on the ring gear was selected as an integer multiple of the number of planets, which has enabled an instantaneous evaluation of the mesh load factor. The effect of operating conditions on the planet load-sharing behavior of the gearbox has been investigated. The mesh load factor measured for operating conditions close to rated was below 1.05, well below IEC 61400-4 standard requirements.

Digital technology-assisted extraction of impacted maxillary third molar located between the furcation of maxillary second molar by root dislocation: a case report.

Most of the maxillary impacted third molars are located in the maxillary tuberosity, where the vision and operation space are limited. This paper reports a case of surgical extraction of the left maxillary horizontal superhigh impacted third molar, which is located between the roots of the adjacent teeth and is closely related to the maxillary sinus. The digital simulation technology was used to reconstruct a three-dimensional visual image of the patient's maxilla, related teeth, and other adjacent anatomical structures to assist in finding the optimal surgical method accurately. Root dislocation before the crown not only protects the roots of the adjacent tooth, but also reduces the risk of maxillary sinus lining damage or perforation during operative procedures, improves the efficiency of the operation, and reduces surgical trauma, which conforms to the concept of minimally invasive surgery and provides a new idea and experience for the clinical extraction of such maxillary impacted third molars.

Analysis of crack propagation and life estimation of spiral bevel gears with root cracks

Abstract In order to study the effect of tooth root cracks on the fatigue life of spiral bevel gears, a certain spiral bevel gear was taken as the research object, and the mechanism of tooth root fatigue cracks was analyzed based on crack propagation theory; By combining the extended finite element method and the level set method, an initial crack propagation finite element model is established. The crack location of the gear teeth is determined through static analysis of the gear pair, and the influence of alternating loads on the initiation and propagation life of tooth surface cracks is studied. The analysis results indicate that the number of load cycles required for each crack propagation after its first occurrence gradually decreases; The crack propagation path of gear cracks under fatigue load is consistent with the actual tooth surface fracture surface; Realize life estimation from crack propagation to fracture failure.

A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Evaluation of Root Dilaceration in Permanent Premolars: A Retrospective Study.

As a developmental disorder characterized by an abnormal bend and angle in the longitudinal axis of the tooth root, dilaceration can cause complications in routine dental procedures such as endodontics, orthodontics, and surgical treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dilaceration in maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth in a population of Shiraz city based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This is a retrospective cross-sectional study on 927 premolar teeth and 132 CBCT radiographs of patients obtained from four private radiology clinics in Shiraz (Iran). In this study, the presence, location, direction, and severity of dilaceration in premolar roots as well as its relationship with gender were investigated. Chi-square and Fisher tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 17% of the studied 927 teeth had dilaceration. The prevalence of dilaceration was significantly higher in women than in men (20.3% vs. 13.6%, p= 0.005). The dilaceration rates were significantly higher in the mandibular first and second premolar teeth (31.6% and 26%, p= 0.002) than in the other teeth. In addition, the highest prevalence was in the distal direction with mild severity in the apical third of the root (p< 0.001). According to the results of this study, the prevalence of dilaceration was relatively high in mandibular premolar teeth especially in women.

Bone defect reconstruction after radicular cyst enucleation with bovine bone graft and protein rich plasma: A case report

Background: Radicular cyst enucleation and reconstruction with bone graft is a surgical procedure used to remove a cyst that has formed around a tooth root. The procedure involves making an incision in the gum tissue to expose the cyst, removing the cyst and any affected bone, and then filling the resulting defect with a bone graft. The bone graft is typically taken from the patient's own body, such as from the chin or the iliac crest, and is used to promote new bone growth and help stabilize the surrounding teeth. After the procedure, the gum tissue is sutured back into place, and the patient may be prescribed pain medication and antibiotics to help manage any discomfort or infection. The success of the procedure depends on the size and location of the cyst, as well as the patient's overall oral health. Purpose: To aim management of cyst enucleation and reconstruction bone defect with bovine bone graft and protein rich plasma (PRP). Case(s): A female 19 years old with the chief complaint of the patient have caries io the lower left jaw tooth. The patient complains of frequent oedemmon left cheek site. On panoramic radiologic examination, a radiolucent lesion with a radiopaque border was found in the apical region of tooth 36. Case Management: The patient underwent enucleation of cyst and bone defect reconstruction with general anaesthesia. After 14 days, the sutures were removed and the wound were healed. Conclusion: This case of radicular cyst can be used for guideline with enucleation of radicular cyst and bone defect reconstrtion

Load Carrying Capacity of Case-Carburized Gears with Different Cryogenic Treatments

Abstract Gearboxes of modern drivetrains, e.g., in wind turbines, can be exposed temporarily to low ambient temperatures during their manufacturing or during operation. During manufacturing or assembly, for example, very low temperatures sometimes occur during joining processes due to the cryogenic treatment of the components. In these cases, the temperature depends on the cooling medium used (typically dry ice or liquid nitrogen). Furthermore, depending on the application, gearboxes may be exposed to low ambient temperatures up to -60 °C when used in cold regions. The low temperatures can have an impact on the component properties and thus on the gear load carrying capacity. Therefore, the knowledge of these influences is very important regarding the design and dimensioning of gearboxes. In this publication, further investigations on the load carrying capacity of cryogenic treated gears are presented based on previous research work. The focus is on results on the tooth root and pitting load carrying capacity. The load carrying capacity is analyzed in the context of changes in the component properties as a result of different low temperature treatments, and the dominant influencing factors are identified.