Tooth Loss In People Research Articles

ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ПОЛОСТИ РТА В РАННЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ КОГНИТИВНОГО ДЕФИЦИТА

The subject of the study was a comparison of a comprehensive assessment of the state of the oral cavity with the presence or probability of the formation of cognitive deficits – based on literature data and the results of their own observations. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of non-traumatic tooth loss in people of different ages without signs of cognitive deficit and at the age of 60 years and older with signs of dementia and, on this basis, to determine the possibility of using data on the state of the dentition as a "reference point" for further predicting cognitive decline. At the 1st stage of the study, the age dynamics of the dental condition was studied in 110 patients aged 24–89 years, at the 2nd stage – counting the number of missing teeth in 93 patients of a psychogeriatric hospital aged 60 years and older suffering from dementia. The discussion of the results obtained when compared with the literature data showed that the absence of a significant number of teeth in older people as a result of their non-traumatic loss can serve as a "reference point" for further in-depth, comprehensive examination of the buccal epithelium, oral fluid as surrogate tissues, the condition of which may indicate brain pathology. A possible algorithm of this kind of research is presented, including several stages: a general assessment of the condition of the oral cavity with an emphasis on pronounced tooth loss of non-traumatic genesis at the age of 50 years and older; examination of the oral cavity for the presence of pathological microbial contamination; determination of the state of buccal cytogram nuclei and levels of protein S100B, Aβ and tau protein in the oral fluid. This algorithm may prove to be a convenient and easily feasible screening method for early diagnosis of cognitive deficits.

Is there an association between drug use and oral health conditions?

Data sources Databases searched included PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science.Study selection Cross-sectional, longitudinal and retrospective studies that compared caries, periodontal disease or tooth loss in people who use drugs as compared to those who do not. Studies that included psychiatric populations and alcohol or tobacco users were not included in the review. Qualitative studies, in vitro investigations, animal studies, reviews, case reports and series, letters to editor and conference abstracts were also excluded. The authors included only English studies published before 1 July 2019. Two independent reviewers screened the papers on title and abstract and then full text. In case of disagreements, these were discussed between the two reviewers and a third one was consulted if needed.Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers extracted the data and contacted the primary authors for necessary clarifications, if needed. The unweighted kappa was applied to examine inter-examiner agreement. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for observational studies was used to critically appraise the studies. The study selection results were presented through a flowchart. For the meta-analysis, the authors considered adjusted data. In some cases, crude estimates were used. Heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 statistic. The 'meta' package was used for the meta-analysis.Results Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. Drug use was associated with higher risk of periodontal disease (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.8-2.6) and higher DMFT index (OR 4.11; 95% CI 2.07-8.15).Conclusions The review showed high risk of periodontal disease and caries among people who use drugs. The authors concluded that this association may be explained by irregular tooth brushing and long history of drug use. It is important to develop programmes that aim to improve oral hygiene practices among people who use drugs.

Tooth loss in patients with and without diabetes: A large-scale, cross-sectional study of Mexican adults

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to compare the experience and distribution of tooth loss in people with and without diabetes. MethodsThe authors conducted a comparative cross-sectional study of patients at a public university. Analysis included medical records of those treated from 2013 through 2017. The dependent and main independent variables were the number of missing teeth and a diagnosis of diabetes, respectively. As covariables, the authors analyzed the sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as the general and oral health status of patients. A multivariate model based on negative binomial regression was constructed. ResultsOf the 3,406 medical records analyzed, 64.2% (n = 2,185) pertained to women, the mean age was 42.45 years, 87.9% did not have diabetes, and 12.1% had received a diagnosis of diabetes. The mean (standard deviation) number of missing teeth was 7.46 (7.89), 7.09 (7.60) in patients without diabetes, and 10.12 (9.32) in patients with diabetes. According to our final multivariate model, the expected mean number of missing teeth was 11.4% higher in patients with diabetes than in those without (P = .006). For every 1-year increase in age, the expected mean number of missing teeth increased by 3.9% (P < .001). Other variables related to tooth loss included occupation, marital status, and type of insurance. ConclusionsThe results of the study indicate that the mean number of missing teeth is higher in people with diabetes and suggest that certain socioeconomic inequalities exist in the area of oral health. Practical ImplicationsThe population needs to be apprised of the impact of diabetes on oral health.

PREVALENCE OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOIN DYSFUNCTION AND PARAFUNCTION OF CHEWING MUSCLES IN SAILORS OF THE NAVY. POSSIBILITY OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT

Functional pathology of chewing structure in the form of malfunction of temporomandibular joint and parafunctions of chewing muscles are common. This is due to early tooth loss in people of young and middle age. In adults, the prevalence of this type of violation is from 12 to 75%. But persons, who have occupational hazards, have a frequency of occurrence 95–100%. Despite the fact that the study of the dental status of military personnel of the Navy was carried out repeatedly only a few studies paid attention to the identification of functional pathology of temporomandibular joint and chewing muscles and usually paid attention to a small sample of subjects. The possibilities of diagnosing and treating such diseases on ships of the Navy are severely limited because of lack of dental equipment, inaccessibility of X-ray examination. It should be noted, that reporting on dental morbidity in the system of the Ministry of Defense of Russia also doesn’t take into account this pathology. However, it is known that there are certain difculties in the treatment of patients with malfunction of temporomandibular joint and parafunctions of chewing muscles, which often recur and constant arthralgia or myalgia may adversely affect the performance of military duties, especially in the conditions of a long hike.

The association between diabetes mellitus, sugar-sweetened beverages, and tooth loss in adults: Evidence from 18 states

BackgroundSugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are dietary sources of sugar that are factors in caries development and tooth loss. Dietary sugar also is linked to diabetes mellitus (DM). There is limited research related to SSBs and tooth loss in people with DM. The authors investigated the association between SSBs and tooth loss as it related to the presence or absence of DM. MethodsThe authors used a cross-sectional design with data reported by adults (18 years and older) who responded to the 2012 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System questionnaire, which was used in 18 states (N = 95,897; 14,043 who had DM and 81,854 who did not have DM). The authors conducted χ2 and logistic regression analyses to determine associations related to DM status. ResultsOverall, 12.3% of the survey respondents had DM, 15.5% had 6 or more teeth extracted, and 22.6% reported that they consumed 1 or more SSB daily. In the adjusted analyses, among adults who had DM, those who consumed at least 2 SSBs daily were more likely to have had 6 or more teeth extracted than those who reported that they did not consume SSBs (adjusted odds ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 4.01; P = .0018). Among adults who did not have DM, those who consumed more than 1 but fewer than 2 SSBs per day were more likely to have had at least 6 teeth extracted (adjusted odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 1.77; P < .0001). ConclusionsThe authors found that, among adults with DM, consuming 2 or more SSBs per day was associated with having had 6 or more teeth extracted. Practical ImplicationsDietary sugar is a concern for oral and systemic health; however, a strong, independent relationship between the number of teeth extracted and a single source of dietary sugar is not adequate to explain the complexity of tooth loss. Clinicians should use broadly worded dietary messages when discussing caries assessment with patients.

A COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION OF QUANTITATIVE AND SPECIFIC STRUCTURE OF YEAST FUNGI OF THE CANDIDA GENUS CONSIDERING PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS OF VARYING SEVERITY

Background: Periodontitis is a major reason of tooth loss in people of middle and older age groups that requires more attention of researchers to the problems of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of the disease. Currently, the interaction of the microbial content of dental plaque and local tissue response is considered to be the main reason for the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases. At the same time, Russian and foreign researchers mark a high frequency of so-called torpid or resistant to antimicrobial therapy forms of periodontitis.Aim: To study the specific and quantitative composition of a fungi of the Candida genus in the contents of periodontal pockets of patients with varying severity of chronic generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods: A non-randomized non-controlled retrospective research was conducted. We studied the main clinical and radiological indicators of periodontal status and its contamination with fungi of the Candida genus in people with mild, moderate, or severe chronic periodontitis.Results: Research participants enrolled in four groups: 1–3 groups included patients with chronic generalized light, medium and heavy periodontitis; group 4 included twenty-five subjects with no signs of periodontal disease. Among the examined patients from the control group, the frequency allocation of Candida from the contents of the gingival sulcus was 9.09%, patients with periodontal pathology of periodontal pockets ― 64.91%. High contamination with fungal flora (more than 6.0 CFU / mL) was observed in all patients with chronic periodontitis. Total allocated 40 strains of Candida with a predominance of Candida albicans.Conclusions: The results of microbiological research confirmed an increase of contamination of periodontal with fungi of the Candida genus in patients with periodontitis if compared with healthy people. The degree of the contamination with fungi of the Candida genus decreased with increasing severity of periodontitis. It can be assumed that the presence of Candida fungi in the periodontal pocket can be considered as a possible component of the etiology of chronic periodontitis and as a factor aggravating it.

Forty-Year Trends in Tooth Loss Among American Adults With and Without Diabetes Mellitus: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.

IntroductionThis study aimed to assess the trends in tooth loss among adults with and without diabetes mellitus in the United States and racial/ethnic disparities in tooth loss patterns, and to evaluate trends in tooth loss by age, birth cohorts, and survey periods.MethodsData came from 9 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1971 through 2012. The trends in the estimated tooth loss in people with and without diabetes were assessed by age groups, survey periods, and birth cohorts. The analytical sample was 37,609 dentate (ie, with at least 1 permanent tooth) adults aged 25 years or older. We applied hierarchical age-period-cohort cross-classified random-effects models for the trend analysis.ResultsThe estimated number of teeth lost among non-Hispanic blacks with diabetes increased more with age than that among non-Hispanic whites with diabetes (z = 4.05, P < .001) or Mexican Americans with diabetes (z = 4.38, P < .001). During 1971–2012, there was a significant decreasing trend in the number of teeth lost among non-Hispanic whites with diabetes (slope = −0.20, P < .001) and non-Hispanic blacks with diabetes (slope = −0.37, P < .001). However, adults with diabetes had about twice the tooth loss as did those without diabetes.ConclusionSubstantial differences in tooth loss between adults with and without diabetes and across racial/ethnic groups persisted over time. Appropriate dental care and tooth retention need to be further promoted among adults with diabetes.

A 5-year study of attachment loss and tooth loss in community-dwelling older adults.

Tooth loss is a widely recognized endpoint measure for the effects of periodontal diseases and the impact of periodontal therapy. In fact, traditional clinical measures of periodontal status often are considered to be surrogate endpoints in that they are assumed to be related to tooth loss. However, the strength of the relationship between attachment loss and tooth loss in a representative population of untreated subjects has not been studied extensively. The purpose of this paper is to present the trends in attachment loss over a 5-yr period in a population of community-dwelling elderly blacks and whites. Specifically, this paper presents attachment loss trends both at the person and tooth level to address the following issues; 1) whether teeth that experience attachment loss during 1 time period are more likely to be lost at the next time period; and 2) given similar levels of attachment loss, why are some people more likely to lose teeth? In 1988, the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry initiated the Piedmont 65+ Dental Study, which was designed to elicit 800 dentate respondents in the 5-country area who were examined again at 18, 36 and 60 months. Our findings indicated that teeth with poorer attachment level at baseline had a higher probability of being lost during the next 5 yr and teeth that experienced attachment loss during a time period were more likely to be lost during the next time period than teeth without additional attachment loss. In addition, it appears that there are person-level characteristics associated with increasing tendency towards tooth loss in people with similar periodontal status, a finding that may clarify the relationship between attachment loss and tooth loss.