ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ПОЛОСТИ РТА В РАННЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ КОГНИТИВНОГО ДЕФИЦИТА

Abstract

The subject of the study was a comparison of a comprehensive assessment of the state of the oral cavity with the presence or probability of the formation of cognitive deficits – based on literature data and the results of their own observations. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of non-traumatic tooth loss in people of different ages without signs of cognitive deficit and at the age of 60 years and older with signs of dementia and, on this basis, to determine the possibility of using data on the state of the dentition as a "reference point" for further predicting cognitive decline. At the 1st stage of the study, the age dynamics of the dental condition was studied in 110 patients aged 24–89 years, at the 2nd stage – counting the number of missing teeth in 93 patients of a psychogeriatric hospital aged 60 years and older suffering from dementia. The discussion of the results obtained when compared with the literature data showed that the absence of a significant number of teeth in older people as a result of their non-traumatic loss can serve as a "reference point" for further in-depth, comprehensive examination of the buccal epithelium, oral fluid as surrogate tissues, the condition of which may indicate brain pathology. A possible algorithm of this kind of research is presented, including several stages: a general assessment of the condition of the oral cavity with an emphasis on pronounced tooth loss of non-traumatic genesis at the age of 50 years and older; examination of the oral cavity for the presence of pathological microbial contamination; determination of the state of buccal cytogram nuclei and levels of protein S100B, Aβ and tau protein in the oral fluid. This algorithm may prove to be a convenient and easily feasible screening method for early diagnosis of cognitive deficits.