Tooth Location Research Articles

Management of Impacted Teeth in Orthodontics

Introduction and Purpose: Treatment of impacted teeth in orthodontics is crucially important, as clinician is supposed to manage such cases in his/her daily practice. However, impaction cases can be so complicated especially when other factors interfere within their treatments such as anatomical locations of the impacted teeth, surgical considerations and Orthodontic Traction difficulties. The management of impacted teeth in orthodontic practice varies widely from extraction of the impacted tooth to forced orthodontic eruption. Orthodontic eruption varies between closed or open techniques that must be determined for each case, per se. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty one impacted teeth cases were followed up, classified by their techniques as to register the results statistically. The approaches for handling the impacted teeth were open forced eruption “as window or APF Apically Positioned Flap”, closed forced eruption, negligence and extraction when indicated. Bonding with Light Cure orthodontic composite was used for all cases of forced eruption. The used Device had been Mini LED, Acteron, Li-ION 3.7V, 2500mAh. Time of Exposure 20 Second. The traction attachments had been either Titanium Button and Chain (Watted) Dentaurum, or conventional Buttons (with ligature wires or elastics). This research discusses the prognosis of impacted teeth, the approaches of the orthodontic forced eruption and when to expose, extract or even “neglect”! The article does not recommend one treatment plan for all cases, in contrary; it urges the reader to search more for innovative solutions whenever such cases come across. Results and Conclusion: It is recommended that the decision regarding orthodontic forced eruption (closed or open), or extraction be based on evaluation of each independent case. In spite of the result of this research that 126 cases of the 151 screened cases had been treated successfully by orthodontic forced eruption, but complications such ankylosis, resorption, eruption failure and periodontal pockets need to be taken into account. Another complication can often be encountered that is bonding failures, especially in closed force eruption. However, the new bonding materials and the improved techniques have helped to overcome such a problem. Finally, the more precise the location and position of the impacted tooth is known, the easier the procedure becomes.

The location of the teeth in the space of the occlusal sphere of patients with different types of structure of the gnatic part of the face

Functional movements of the lower jaw occur during chewing, swallowing, and talking. These movements are considered with in three planes within certain limits. Many works of domestic and foreign researchers are devoted to the location of teeth in the interdigital space. The main theories of articulation were proposed by W.G. Bonvil (1858), F. Spee (1896), D. Monson (1917), and others. The dentoalveolar system is a closed kinematic system in which all the elements are interconnected and represent concentric circles and spheres with a single functional center. In this article, the location of the teeth in the space of the occlusal sphere on the tomograms of the patients ' heads in the lateral and axial projections is considered. It was found that in patients with brachygnatic structure of the gnatic part of the face, characterized by wide and short dental arches, the teeth in the large occlusal space were located at a lower angle to the center of the circle than in patients with mesognatic structure. In patients with dolichognathic structure, which is characterized by narrow and long dental arches, in a small occlusal space, the teeth were located at a greater angle to the center of the circle, compared to the other two types of structure. The location of the teeth at an angle characteristic of each of the types of structure of the gnatic face shape caused the severity of the compensatory sagittal and transversal curves. This circumstance determines the optimal functional dynamics of the lower jaw in the space of the occlusal sphere of the maxillofacial part of the skull. This eliminates acute and chronic occlusal trauma, normalizes the function of the masticatory muscles and joints.

Finite Element Analysis of Biomechanical Behaviour of Remaining Coronal Dentin in Endodontically Restored Tooth - A Systematic Review [Evaluation of Stress Distribution in FEA Studies

Background: Since few years finite element (FE) analysis has turn out to be a widespread tool for investigators seeking to simulate the tooth biomechanics and associated structures. Finite element method plays important role to expand understanding of the ferrule effect. This paper contains a systematic review and conclusions from FE method grounded computational simulations of the the tooth with post and core to simulate function and tissue behavior
 Methods: 14 applicable papers were linked within this systematic literature search. Uprooted data contained information on type of tooth, location of tooth, magnitude of force, software used for modelling, boundary condition, method of scanning, validation, tooth with ferrule, tooth without ferrule, key findings.
 Results: Included papers illustrated use of FE analysis for replication of including nonlinear tooth and tissue mechanics, contact analysis and rigid body movements. We executed multi-database systematic review through PRISMA standards accomplishing inclusion criteria and results were investigated and précised for appropriate papers.
 Discussion: With prompt expansions of computer knowledge, the FEA now recognized as a potent method in dental biomechanics due to its flexibility in measuring stress dispersals within multidimensional structures. The researcher will be well equipped to understand the results of FEA investigations and correlate these results to clinical settings after learning the basic theory, application, method, and limitations of FEA in dentistry. Ferrule has a precarious impact on stress reduction. Teeth are less stressed when posts and cores are composed of strong materials. Keeping supragingival tooth structure included within the crown gives repaired teeth extraordinary strength.

Assessment of the Effects of Occluding Pairs of Teeth on Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Dialysis Patients

To determine oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in hemodialysis patients and assess if location and distribution of teeth had perceived oral impacts. Face-to-face interviews and oral examinations were conducted among 96 patients in southwest Florida. Sociodemographic data in addition to self-reported medical conditions were collected. OHRQoL was determined using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI-12). Presence of decayed teeth, missing teeth, anterior occluding pairs (AOPs) and posterior occluding pairs (POPs), and community periodontal index were ascertained through oral examinations. Mean age was 64.81 ± 12.9 years. Mean number of teeth present was 20.12 ± 10.8. Nearly half (48%) of the participants had ≥1 decayed teeth. Among those examined for periodontal health, 86% had some form of periodontal disease. Mean AOP was 4.4 ± 2.3 and mean POP was 4.2 ± 3.1. Median GOHAI-12 score was 52. Limiting the kinds or amounts of food (p = 0.040), trouble biting or chewing (p = 0.010), feeling uncomfortable eating in front of people (p = 0.024), and pleased with looks (p = 0.038) were statistically significant for AOP groups. Only trouble biting or chewing (p = 0.044) and pleased with looks showed significant association with POP groups (p = 0.038). In adjusted regression analyses, participants with AOPs 0 to 2 had 86% lower odds of reporting GOHAI-12 scores above 40 (25th percentile) than the group with AOPs 3 to 6 (odds ratio = 0.14; 95% confidence interval = 0.04-0.58). The study highlights fewer AOP to have a larger effect than POP not only in the psychosocial dimension but also in the functional abilities. Lower GOHAI-12 scores were associated with AOP 2 or less than 2 in the study sample. While treatment and management of oral health problems in dialysis patients are complicated by the presence of co-morbidities, age-related changes in the mouth, and issues of access to dental care, identification, repair, or replacement of strategically important teeth using the "shortened dental arch principle" to maintain oral function among hemodialysis patients are recommended.

Determination of Maxillary Incisal Edge Position using Canine Visibility as a Guide – An In vivo Study

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of the visibility of the central incisor & the canine for the cervico incisal positioning of anterior maxillary teeth related to age & sex while the upper lip was in repose in dentate patients & the development of rehabilitation recommendations for edentulous individuals with regard to the location of the maxillary incisal edge
 Methodology: 308 subjects [152 Males & 156 Females] belonging to the age of 30 to 59 years were selected using a simple stratified random technique. There were three age and sex groups: Group I was 30 to 39 years old, Group II was 40 to 49 years old, and Group III was 50 to 59 years old. The vertical distances (in mm) between the lower border of the upper lip and the right maxillary central incisal edge and canine tip were measured and recorded using adhesive tape marked with millimetres. A single examiner recorded all the measurements and the values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.
 Results: Men in Groups I and II had maxillary central incisor exposure ranging from +6 to -1mm, whereas males in Group III had exposure ranging from +5 to -2mm. There was an exposure range of +6 to -2 mm in females in Group I, +7 to -2 mm in Group II, and +5 to -2 mm in Group III for the central incisors. While the canine exposure in Group I and II and Group III ranged from +2 to -4mm in females, the exposure ranged from +3 to -3mm in men of all ages. In all groups, females had statistically significant (P0.05) more central incisor and canine exposure than men.
 Conclusions: The canine visibility was less variable in all the age groups and in both males and females in comparison to the central incisor. When restoring edentulous individuals, the average canine exposure dimension can be employed for cervico-incisal location of the anterior maxillary teeth.

Description of Bolton analysis on Balinese patients with crowded teeth in Mahasaraswati Denpasar University Dental Hospital

Bolton analysis is one of the analyzes used in determining tooth size discrepancies, the ratio of size of mesiodistal teeth is very important in determining orthodontic treatment plans so that good occlusion can be achieved as a result of treatment. The aim of this study is to find out the width of mesiodistal teeth crowded with Bolton's analysis of Balinese men and women. This des-criptive research method using purposive sampling technique, used 40 models study samples of male and female from Balinese patients at the Mahasaraswati Denpasar University Dental Hospital. The largest contour of mesial to distal dimension of the tooth measured parallel to the occlusal plane. The results obtained were anterior ratios and the overall analysis of Bolton in the Balinese tribe. The anterior ratio of the Balinese men and women was obtained at 79.55%±3.40 and 61.57%±5.32. The overall ratio of Balinese men and women was obtained at 91.66%±2.57 and 102.50%±5.26. It was concluded that Bolton's anterior ra-tio and Bolton's overall ratio in crowded teeth of Balinese men and women show an average value that exceeds Bolton's ideal value, so that the location of faulty teeth of the Balinese tribe can be seen in the mandible.

Factors modulating parental acceptance of SDF treatment

To assess the degree of parental acceptance of SDF treatment on their children's carious teeth and to explore different factors affecting their decisions. Parents of healthy children younger than 12-year-old of both gender were asked to fulfill a questionnaire describing their perspective of Silver Diamine Fluoride SDF treatment and different factors that could modify their opinion as sociodemographic characteristics, tooth location, type of dentition, advanced management techniques as well as dental caries management during- and post-COVID pandemic. Participants’ responses were categorized according to the three-Point Likert scale as acceptable, neutral, and not acceptable. Fisher test was used to test for significant factors affecting parental acceptance of SDF treatment. The level of significance was tested at 0.05 using SPSS program. A total of 158 parents participated in this study. The parental acceptance of SDF treatment was found to be limited to 31.6%. The SDF acceptance rate increased significantly if SDF was used on posterior teeth , on deciduous dentition, prior to shifting to conventional restoration under general anesthesia , and to minimize chances for cross-infection particularly during- and after the recovery from the COVID pandemic. SDF treatment on posterior teeth and deciduous dentition was found to be more accepted by the parents than anterior and permanent teeth. Although a majority of parents reported restricted SDF treatment acceptance, most parents were willing to compromise the esthetic dilemma as they understand the risks of alternative interventions. Dentists are encouraged to adopt SDF treatment and offer it for their patients and caregivers prior to shifting to advanced dental management techniques particularly during and following the COVID era. The dentist must provide an informed consent form, which includes clear photographs showing expected staining, especially when treating anterior teeth .

A Retrospective Evaluation of Secondary Wound Healing for Extraction of the Maxillary First Molar in Dogs.

Oral surgery and exodontia can present challenges in veterinary patients, with a particular area of challenge being extraction and closure of the maxillary first molar (M1) in dogs. This retrospective assessment evaluated patients that had the maxillary first molar extracted with placement of a cruciate suture across the alveolus to achieve partial closure and secure the blood clot. Patients that had teeth extracted adjacent to M1 (maxillary fourth premolar [PM4] or second molar [M2]) were excluded from the study. Three groups of patients were assessed: Group A - at the time of extraction of M1, both the maxillary PM4 and M2 were still present in the oral cavity. Group B - at the time of M1extraction only PM4 or M2 was present, but not both. The tissue was completely intact at the location of the missing tooth. Group C - at the time of M1 extraction neither PM4 or M2 were present, but tissue in these locations was intact. In a three-and-a half-year time period (2015-2018), 179 dogs with 213 solitary M1 extractions were performed. Of these 213 extraction sites, 127 sites (60%) had follow up examination within a two-week postoperative period. Of these 127 sites, 126 (99.2%) appeared appropriately healed without complication. The results of this retrospective evaluation demonstrate that primary closure of a maxillary first molar extraction site may not be required for appropriate soft tissue wound healing in canine patients.

Parental perception and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride treatment among Syrian refugees.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an effective cariostatic agent, although staining associated with treatment is a significant impediment to its acceptability. A cross-sectional study of Syrian refugees to identify acceptance of SDF treatment. Information was collected on: sociodemographics, medical/dental child history, dental status (dmft/DMFT), andperceptions of photographs of SDF-treated teeth. Associations between clinical findings and the acceptability were assessed. Of 258 parents or guardians, 37.8% accepted SDF treatment for their children. Acceptance was related to the location and type of teeth, being higher for primary than permanent teeth, and posterior than anterior teeth in both dentitions. Uncooperative behavior during previous dental treatment, the presence of dental discoloration, history of child dental pain, and number of filled teeth were all associated with better parental acceptance. Acceptance was also related to parental age, level of education, and their relation to the child. Parents' acceptance of SDF treatment is low. However, staining on posterior teeth was more acceptable than staining on anterior teeth and on primary more than permanent teeth.

Radiographic characteristics of impacted teeth

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the prevalence, infraosseous position and treatment outcome of impacted teeth in patients treated at our Orthodontic Department over an 11-year period.
 Methods: This retrospective study of orthodontic records was performed on 1,909 patients, who were examined for impacted teeth. It comprised panoramic radiographs, anamnestic and clinical data. We determined the number of subjects with impacted teeth and the number, type and location of the impacted teeth in these subjects. We were also interested in the duration of orthodontic traction with the purpose of bringing the impacted teeth into the dental arch.
 Results: Sixty-three (3.3%) out of 1,909 treated orthodontic patients were found to have at least one impacted tooth. A maxillary canine (2.4%) was the most frequently impacted tooth, followed by maxillary and mandibular premolars (0.4%). The majority of patients had one (73%) or two (25.4%) impactedteeth. Maxillary impacted canines required the longest duration of orthodontic traction.
 Conclusion: When orthodontic treatment is performed on patients with impacted teeth, not only the number and the type of the teeth but also the infraosseous position of impacted teeth and their relationship to adjacent structures should be taken into consideration.

Gingival phenotype distribution in young Caucasian women and men - An investigative study.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between gingival phenotype and tooth location based on selected index teeth (“Ramfjord”) and assess possible differences between women and men.Material and MethodsThirty‐six women and 20 men voluntarily participated in this investigation with an average age of 23 years (min: 19; max: 37). Gingival phenotypes (GP) were assessed by transparency of a periodontal probe through the buccal gingival margin.ResultsA comparable and similar GP on all index teeth was only found in seven out of the 56 subjects, that is, thin or thick only: Five participants (three male/two female) showed a uniform and constantly thick and two females a constantly thin GP. While the majority of molars (94.6%; p = 0.006) showed a thick GP, premolars (61.6%; p = 0.09) as well as incisors (70.5%; p = 0.046) were predominantly categorized as thin. In addition, significantly thicker GP was in general observed for maxillary teeth (p = 0.001) but without differences between genders (p = 0.722).ConclusionNo constant GP can be expected within one dentition. The use of the “Ramfjord teeth” may serve as a quick overview and reliable method to screen GP distribution.

Prevalence and Distribution of Nonsyndromic Dental Anomalies in Children in Eastern Saudi Arabia: A Radiographic Study.

Objectives To report the prevalence and distribution of nonsyndromic dental anomalies in children in eastern Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective records review study involved radiographic examination of 6–18 years old pediatric patients who attended the Dental Hospital of the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Four calibrated examiners recorded nonsyndromic dental anomalies from patients' digital orthopantomograms (OPG). The anomalies recorded were related to tooth number, shape, and location. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Fisher exact tests were used to report prevalence and differences by gender, nationality, and medical history at the 5% significance level. Results Of 2226 reviewed patients' records, 1897 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The study sample had equal distribution of males (52.6%) and females (47.4%) and comprised 81.2% Saudi children with a mean age of 8.8 ± 1.84 years. Most study subjects (97.8%) were in mixed dentition and 88.7% were healthy. The prevalence of dental anomalies was as follows: teeth rotations (24.5%), ectopically erupted teeth (6%), congenitally missing permanent teeth (5.4%), peg lateral (1.1%), supernumerary (0.5%), gemination (0.3%), and fusion (0.1%). No statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of dental anomalies by patients' gender, medical history, and nationality (p value ≥0.05). Conclusion This study showed that teeth rotations were the most common dental anomalies followed by ectopic eruptions and congenitally missing teeth. The study findings may guide dental practitioners to better diagnose and manage children with dental anomalies in eastern Saudi Arabia.

Tooth discoloration caused by endodontic treatment: A cross sectional study

Introduction: This cross-sectional study evaluated the influence of endodontic filling material, cervical limit of root filling, and tooth location on the color variation (ΔE00)from 1 to 60 months of follow-up. Materials and Methods: Color records were obtained from 70 participant’s who received 83 endodontic treatments. CIEL*a*b* color coordinates were measured on the homologous tooth, which was considered as baseline, and on endodontic treated teeth with a spectrophotometer. ΔE00 was calculated by the CIEDE2000 method at three conditions (condition 1: homologous tooth vs endodontically treated tooth after≤1 month; condition 2: homologous tooth vs endodontically treated tooth after >1–-12 months; condition 3: homologous tooth vs endodontically treated tooth after>12 months up to 5 years) for each variable. The zinc oxide and eugenol mineral trioxide aggregate or resin-based filling materials, dental cervix or ≥2 mm in the apical direction cervical limit of root filling and anterior or posterior tooth location were considered in the comparisons. Confidence intervals for the means (95% CI) were calculated,ΔE00 values and CIEL*a*b* individual color coordinates were compared for each pair of variables using the Student t test or Welch test (α = .05). Results: Greater ΔE00 values were generally observed in the condition 3 for cervical limit (ΔE00 = 10.7), use of zinc oxide and eugenol and mineral trioxide aggregate based filling materials (ΔE00 = 10.7), and anterior teeth (ΔE00 = 12.4). Only in the condition1, the ΔE00 values of the filling materials did not show statistical differences (P = .198). Conclusions: Higher ΔE00 values were yielded from zinc oxide and eugenol and mineral trioxide aggregate-based filling materials, anterior teeth, and dental cervix cervical limit of root filling. Clinical significance: Tooth discoloration yielded by endodontic materials and procedures is a challenge to clinical practice resulting in aesthetic problems and discomfort to both patient and professional, especially when it occurs in anterior teeth.

Influence of Root Canal Fillings on Alveolar Bone Crest Level—An Observational Cross Sectional CBCT Analysis

The aim of this study was to compare the alveolar bone crest (ABC) level of root canal filled (RCF) teeth without apical periodontitis with corresponding non-filled teeth in the same individual using three-dimensionally cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. Two hundred and thirty-five matching pairs of RCF teeth and corresponding teeth without RCF were selected from a pool of 580 random CBCT-images (voxel size 160–200 µm). Teeth with apical periodontitis, perio-endodontic lesions or surgical endodontic treatment were excluded. The distance between the cemento–enamel-junction (CEJ) and the ABC was assessed centrally mesial, distal, palatal/lingual and buccal at each tooth (∑1880 measuring points) in a standardized manner. Topographic, gender, and age-related relationships were also noted. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis-test. The ABC-level between RCF teeth (2.64 ± 1.25 mm) and teeth without RCF (2.61 ± 1.16 mm) did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). No differences concerning localization (maxilla/mandible, tooth type) and gender (p > 0.05) occurred. Overall, ABC-level in the maxilla (2.74 ± 1.48 mm) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to mandibular teeth (2.50 ± 1.41 mm). Patients > 41 years had significantly lower ABC-levels than younger patients (p < 0.05). Men showed a reduced bone level compared to women (p < 0.05). In conclusion, RCF teeth are identical to their non-RCF counterparts, at least in terms of crestal bone level, regardless of the location or type of tooth and the gender of the patient. Thus, root canal treatment is an essential pillar for long-term tooth preservation.

Outcome of Periapical Surgery in Molars: A Retrospective Analysis of 424 Teeth

IntroductionThe objective of this retrospective study was to assess the outcome of periapical surgery in a large number of molars in order to identify possible variables that might affect the outcome. MethodsThe healing outcome of patients undergoing periapical surgery of molars from October 1999 to October 2019 was retrospectively evaluated. Outcome was dichotomized into “healed” and “nonhealed” using well-established clinical and radiographic healing criteria. The potential influence of patient-, tooth-, and treatment-related parameters on the healing outcome was analyzed. ResultsA total of 424 molars in the same number of patients (45.5% male and 54.5% female) were evaluated. Three hundred seventy-two molars were classified as healed (87.7%). Three significant outcome predictors were identified: 1-year follow-up versus >1–5 years, >5–10 years, and >10 years (95.3% vs 82.2%, 76.3%, and 76.5% healed, respectively; P < .0001); root end filling material with bioceramic root repair material versus mineral trioxide aggregate (96.9% vs. 86.3% healed, respectively; P = .001); and preoperative evaluation based on cone-beam computed tomographic imaging versus 2-dimensional radiography (90.2% vs 81.4% healed, respectively; P = .02). Sex, age, tooth location, type of restoration, attachment level, presence of a post, quality of the root canal filling, technique of root end preparation, administration of antibiotics, and type of surgery had no significant impact on the healing outcome. ConclusionsThe healed rate for the concave (Retroplast) and cavity (mineral trioxide aggregate, SuperEBA [Staident International, Staines, UK], and bioceramic root repair material) root end preparation technique over all follow-up periods was 84% and 88.5%, respectively. The follow-up period, root end filling material, and preoperative evaluation based on cone-beam computed tomographic imaging had a significant influence on the healing outcome.

Isolated Case of Nonsyndromic Hyperdontia in Maxillary Jaw

Hyperdontia is defined as an extra deciduous or permanent tooth in any of the dental arch quadrants, often detected during routine dental X-ray or CT scan and clinical examination or incidentally, early diagnosis protect the patients of clinical problems of hyperdontia, it can be erupted or remain impacted, the supernumerary teeth is asymptomatic, but some patient complains of pain and discomfort due to location of supernumerary teeth, malocclusion or esthetic affect, the etiology is unknown, but it is often associated with complex syndromes, in addition to occurring in isolated cases (nonsyndromic). In this case report I highlight of isolated case of hyperdontia in a 23- year-old male, asymptomatic diagnosis incidentally.

Effect of prosthetic restorations and root canal fillings on periapical health in a selected patient group.

Aims To examine the effect of the quality of root canal fillings and prosthetic restorations on the frequency of apical periodontitis (AP).Methodology A total of 200 radiographs of 1,098 teeth with indirect restorations were selected. Each case was documented by age, sex, tooth location, tooth type, restoration type and presence of root canal treatment (RCT). Teeth were categorised as healthy or diseased considering periapical health. The quality of RCT and prosthetic restorations was categorised by radiographic and clinical examinations. Data were analysed using chi-squared test and logistic regression.Results Inadequate prosthetic restorations were found to be less healthy than the adequate ones. Statistical significance was found in teeth with RCT, which had a higher rate of AP (15.8%). Root-filled teeth categorised as inadequately treated (24.1%) were significantly unhealthier than the adequately root-filled teeth. Teeth with inadequate prosthetic restorations and RCT had an increase in AP risk of 6.41 and 20.74 times, respectively (p <0.05).Conclusions Results showed that AP risk was increased by both inadequate RCT and prosthetic restorations. Quality of RCT significantly affected periapical health more than the quality of prosthetic restorations. Not only radiographic but also clinical examination of restorations is required for successful evaluation.

Correlations of teleradiographic parameters of teeth location determined by the methods of Bjork, Jarabak and Sassouni with the parameters of the upper and lower jaws in young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion

Annotation. Determining the characteristics of certain indicators within a certain population, the relationship between certain anatomical structures and parameters of the human body is one of the key tasks of clinical anthropology. Identifying the nature, strength and direction of the interdependencies of such indicators is a key element not only for understanding human nature but also for solving clinical, including dental problems today. The aim of the study was to establish in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion the peculiarities of correlations of teleradiographic parameters of tooth location determined by Bjork, Jarabak and Sassouni methods with parameters of upper and lower jaws and tooth location. Teleradiography in the mode of cephalometric examination was performed for 49 young men and 76 young women with orthognathic occlusion. Cephalometric analysis was performed using OnyxCeph³™ software, 3DPro version, Image Instruments GmbH, Germany (software license URSQ-1799). Correlation assessment was performed in the license package “Statistica 6.0” using the non-parametric Spearman method. In young men and young women, the features of multiple correlations of teleradiographic parameters of the upper and lower jaws with the parameters of the location of the teeth determined by the methods of CFT-Bjork, Roth-Jarabak and Sassouni. As a result of quantitative analysis of significant correlations between teleradiographic parameters of the upper and lower jaws with the parameters of the location of the teeth found: CFT-Bjork in young men 46.9 %, of which 5.4 % straight strong, 18.5 % straight medium and 2.3 % straight weak and 2.3 % reversible strong, 16.2 % reversible medium strength and 2.3 % reverse weak, and young women – 38.5 %, of which, 2.3 % direct strong, 15.4 % direct medium strength and 6.2 % direct weak and 0.8 % reverse strong, 7.7 % reverse medium strength and 6.2 % of reversible weak; according to the Roth-Jarabak method, 36.2 % of young men, 6.6 % of direct strong, 11.8 % of direct medium strength and 2.6 % of direct weak and 2.6 % of reverse strong, 11.8 % of reverse of medium strength and 0.7 % of reverse weak, and young women – 44.7 %, of which, 3.9 % direct strong, 15.1 % direct medium strength and 7.2 % direct weak and 0.7 % reverse strong, 8.6 % reverse medium strength and 9.2 % reverse weak; according to the Sassouni method, 42.8 % of young men have all medium-strength, and 42.8 % of young women have, of which 35.7 % have medium-strength and 7.1 % have weak straight. Manifestations of sexual dimorphism of the received correlations are established only between the indicators defined by CFT-Bjork and Roth-Jarabak methods.

Preoperative Factors of Immature First Permanent Molars Treated with Vital Pulp Therapy

This study aimed to analyze the preoperative factors of immature first molars treated with vital pulp therapy and to find out their correlation in pediatric patients. From May 2014 to January 2020, 523 patients and 1,242 immature first molars were investigated. Factors including age, sex, tooth location, Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), caries cavity location, and history of previous restoration were evaluated. As a result of the study, the vital pulp therapy group had 5.56 times more MIH, 3.39 times more mesial cavities, and 8.73 times more distal cavities. In order to avoid vital pulp therapy in immature first molar, early diagnosis and active management of MIH and preventive treatment of mesial and distal caries are necessary after its immediate eruption.

Impact of Tooth Location on the Treatment of Multiple Gingival Recessions with Connective Tissue Graft Associated with a Coronally Advanced Flap

Objectives: Coronally Advance Flap (CAF) effectiveness has been extensively evaluated, but little information is available regarding the effect of tooth position. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of tooth location on the outcomes of CAF with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in the treatment of gingival recessions defects (GRs). Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients who patients with a mean age of 36.3 ±7.6 years (11women, 8 men), each contributing Miller Class I and II GRs, were selected. Forty-four defects were treated with a combination of a CAF and a SCTG. Gingival recession depth (RD), gingival recession width (RW), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and 12 months postoperatively Results: The mean root coverage from baseline to 1year post-surgery was 89 % for the maxillary GRs and 68 % for the mandibular GRs. RD and RW were decrease in both groups from baseline to 12 months (p&amp;lt;0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between maxillary and mandibular dentition. Both treatments showed satisfactory esthetic results (RES in maxillary teeth 8.2 ±1.3 and in mandibular teeth 7.6 ± 1.1). Conclusions: The findings of the current study have shown that the CAF is an effective procedure for the treatment of multible GRs. Besides, the two groups (maxillary and mandibular GRs) showed similar significant improvements from baseline to 12 months evaluations. Keywords: Connective tissue, gingival recession, surgical flaps, tooth.