Dental Erosion Research Articles

Meal patterns and the quality of breakfast and snacks in relation to adolescents' dental health in southeast of Iran.

Aim: The objective was to determine the frequency pattern and nutritional quality of breakfast and snacks in Iranian adolescents and to investigate these dietary habits in relation to tooth decay and tooth erosion. Methods: A multistage cluster random sampling method was adopted to recruit 600 adolescents with equal sex distribution in the city of Kerman/southeast of Iran. Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Tooth Wear Index (TWI) were recorded for each subject. Snacking and breakfast quality, frequency of snacking and regular/irregular use of main meals were also recorded. Poisson regression and Firth's bias-reduced penalized-likelihood logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: DMFT score of adolescents who consumed low-quality snacks were 1.13 times more than those who consumed high-quality snacks. Regular use of all three main meals was associated with a lower DMFT score. DMFT score of adolescents who did not have regular use of breakfast was 1.19 times more than those who consumed breakfast on a regular basis. Also, regarding adolescents who had an irregular use of lunch, the DMFT score was 1.3 times more than those who had a regular lunch schedule. In addition, participants with irregular dinner consumption had 1.24 times more DMFT scores compared to those with a regular dinner schedule. Conclusions: Regular breakfast consumption, decreased snacking occasions, use of higher nutritional quality snacks, and increased nutritional education are important in order to prevent a higher chance of dental caries and promote dental health status.

Association of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease With Dental Erosion.

Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)or chronic acid reflux disorderis a condition in which acid-containing contents continuously leak from the stomach and return to the esophagus. Acid reflux disease occurs in nearly every person at some unspecified time. In reality, it is considered as a reoccurrence of acid reflux disease disorder and heartburn, every day. However, when you have acid reflux disorder/heartburn greater than two times every week over numerous weeks, constantly take heartburn medicinal tablets and antacids. However, if your signs and symptoms and symptoms keep returning, you can have superior GERD. Your GERD needs to be handled with the aid of your healthcare employer. Now not simply to alleviate your symptoms, but because of the reality, GERD can result in extra intense issues. Dental erosion (DE) is the shortage of the ground of your tooth because of acids you eat or drink or acids arising from your stomach. Those acids can wash away the tough substance that makes up your enamel, number one to tooth floor loss. Acid also can melt the teeth floor, making it much less complicated to wear away with the beneficial aid of erosion. This is called acid put on or erosive enamel wear. The belly contains many sturdy acids that are used to digest food. Vomiting and reflux can reason those belly acids to enter your mouth. Gastric acids are very sturdy and might purpose considerable harm to the tooth. DEis the lack of the enamel's hard tissues due to the interplay of gastric juice, pepsin, and acid.

Preparation of Cemented Carbide and Study of Copper-Accelerated Salt Spray Corrosion and Erosion Behavior.

(1) Mud pulser carbide rotors, as a core component of ground communication in crude oil exploration, are often subjected to mud erosion and acid corrosion, resulting in pitting pits on the surface, which affects the accuracy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acid corrosion and erosion behavior of cemented carbide materials and provide a reference for the wider application of cemented carbide materials in the petrochemical industry. (2) Experimental samples of tungsten–cobalt carbide were sintered at a low pressure by powder metallurgy. The petrochemical application environment was simulated by accelerated salt spray corrosion and solid slurry erosion with the aid of acidic copper, and the experimental phenomena were analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffraction). (3) The experimental results show that the coercivity of the pitted cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide prepared in this study was 17.89 KA/m, and the magnetic saturation strength was 14.42 G·cm3/g. The corrosion rate was the fastest during the acidic copper acceleration experiments from 4 h to 16 h, and the corrosion products of WCo3 and Co3O4 were generated on the corrosion surface. The maximum erosion rate of 0.00104 in the erosion experiment corresponds to a corrosion sample with a corrosion time of 36 h. (4) Therefore, the coercive magnetic force and magnetic saturation strength could be derived from the prepared carbide hard phase grains and carbon content in the appropriate range. The corrosion product in the corrosion process slowed the corrosion rate, and a large amount of cobalt and a small amount of tungsten was lost by oxidation during the corrosion process. The corrosion time had the greatest effect on the erosion performance of the carbide, and the long corrosion time led to surface sparseness, which reduced the erosion resistance.

Film-Forming Polymers for Tooth Erosion Prevention.

Different agents have been proposed to prevent the progression of acid induced dental substance losses, which are called erosive tooth wear (ETW), such as fluorides, calcium, and phosphate-based products; however, there is a need for a further increase in efficacy. Recently, the ability of polymers to interact with the tooth surface, forming acid resistant films, has come into the focus of research; nevertheless, there is still the need for a better understanding of their mode of action. Thus, this article provides an overview of the chemical structure of polymers, their mode of action, as well as the effect of their incorporation into oral care products, acid beverages, and antacid formulations, targeting the prevention of ETW. Recent evidence indicates that this may be a promising approach, however, additional studies are needed to confirm their efficacy under more relevant clinical conditions that consider salivary parameters such as flow rate, composition, and clearance. The standardization of methodological procedures such as acid challenge, treatment duration, and combination with fluorides is necessary to allow further comparisons between studies. In conclusion, film-forming polymers may be a promising cost-effective approach to prevent and control erosive demineralization of the dental hard tissue.

A patient with mosaic USP9X gene variant

The finding of USP9X variants in females has been associated with female-restricted X-linked mental retardation (MRXS99F), a rare syndrome featured by developmental delay and distinct congenital anomalies. Here, we report a female fetus with MRXS99F due to a novel frameshift variant, c.6679_6685delAAATTATinsTCCTG (p.Lys2227SerfsTer2) in USP9X, which was present in a mosaic state in the amniocytes and in the peripheral blood after birth (14% and 30%, respectively). The X methylation status analysis displayed a partially skewed X-inactivation with 80% of inactive paternal X. The first signs of the MRXS99F were prenatally detected at 20 weeks, with an enlarged posterior cranial fossa, an upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis and partial corpus callosum agenesis, together with a cardiac septal defect and a single umbilical artery. After birth and during postnatal follow-up the anal anteriorization and the presence of a bilateral membranous choanal atresia were noted, whereas the MRI revealed the hypo/aplasia of the olfactory bulbs, a widening of the subarachnoid spaces and a delay in the myelinisation. During the 18-months follow-up a severe growth and global developmental delay, together with a bilateral moderate deafness with a threshold at 40 dB, dental enamel erosions and an initial scoliosis were observed. We report the prenatal and postnatal features of a classical MRXS99F phenotype and a mosaic USP9X frameshift variant with a partially skewed X inactivation and discuss genotype/phenotype correlations in view of the published studies so far.

CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR AND AWARENESS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT DENTAL EROSION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CONSUMPTION OF CARBONATED/ACIDIC BEVERAGES

Objective: Irreversible loss of dental hard-tissue due to a chemical process is termed as dental erosion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of under-graduate medical students about dental erosion and its association with intake of acidic/carbonated beverages and to assess their consumption behavior. Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted on 220 undergraduate medical students. Data were collected as mean and percentages and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0. Results: More than half of the participants n=118 (53.64%) reported that they consumed some form of acidic/carbonated beverages on a weekly basis in varying frequencies. The pattern of consumption of 1–2 servings (approx. 300 ml/serving)/day was most commonly seen in 25% participants. About 82.73% had the knowledge of dental erosion and 81.82% were aware that carbonated/acidic beverages are the reason of dental erosion. Conclusion: Medical students had accurate knowledge and positive attitudes toward dental erosion and its association with intake of carbonated/ acidic beverages. Despite being well aware about adverse effects of carbonated/acidic beverages consumption, many of them presented with harmful consumption behaviors.

The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate Extract on Dental Erosion an in Vitro Study

Objective: To evaluate the antierosive effect of epigallocatechin gallate extract (EGCG) on dental erosion and to compare it with potassium nitrate containing mouthwash. Materials and Methods: This invitro study was conducted in Sardar Begum Dental College and Peshawar dental hospital, Peshawar, KPK. The Scanning electron microscope study was carried out in Centralized Resource Laboratory (CRL), University of Peshawar while Microhardness in University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar. Total 042 healthy human premolars and impacted third molars were divided into 3 groups: Group I as control (distilled water), Group II was treated with potassium nitrate containing mouthwash while Group III was treated with EGCG. The samples were placed in artificial saliva for six hours. Afterwards teeth were placed in 10ml of the respective test solutions (For each group) for 4 minutes. Samples were kept in commercial beverage for fifteen min with constant stirring at (20-25 °C) afterwards washed with distilled water and then placed in artificial saliva for an hour. The process of erosion was done in four cycles. Finally, the samples were kept in deionized water. The samples were then subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and micro-hardness.Averages were taken for statistical analysis.LSD post hoc (ANOVA) test was done for analysis of the groups. Results: There was detectable difference in the dentinal tubule occlusion and hardness between the three groups. EGCG and Potassium nitrate containing mouthwash yielded better results. Conclusion: It was concluded from the present study that EGCG and potassium nitrate demonstrated antierosive effects. Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity, Dentinal Tubule, Potassium nitrate, EGCG

Oral Health in 12- and 15-Year-Old Children in Serbia: A National Pathfinder Study.

The aim of the paper is to present the oral health profile of 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in Serbia. Basic Methods for Oral Health Surveys of the WHO were implemented to record: Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth/Surfaces Index (DMFT/DMFS), gingival bleeding, enamel fluorosis and other structural anomalies, dental erosion, dental trauma, and oral mucosal lesions. In addition, Silness and Löe plaque index and orthodontic status were assessed. A total of 36% of 12-year-olds and 22% of 15-year-olds in Serbia were caries-free. The mean DMFT was 2.32 ± 2.69 for 12-year-olds and 4.09 ± 3.81 for 15-year-olds. DMFT was made up largely by the decayed component. Gingival bleeding was present in 26% of examined 12-year-old and 18% of 15-year-old children. Dental plaque was observed in 63% of both 12- and 15-year-olds. Fluorosis, structural anomalies, dental erosion, dental trauma, and oral mucosal lesion were rarely detected. Low prevalence of malocclusions was found. Oral disease is still a common public health problem among schoolchildren in Serbia. A significant increase in the prevalence of caries disease between 12- and 15-year-old groups implies that preventive care for adolescents requires special attention. Corrective actions and reforms to the current school-based oral health prevention program are needed to further improve oral health in Serbian children.

Study on the Performance of Steel Slag and Its Asphalt Mixture with Oxalic Acid and Water Erosion.

The reuse of steel slag, a large-scale solid waste from steel production, has good social and environmental benefits. The application of a steel slag asphalt mixture is mainly hindered by its volume expansion in water. The expansion of steel slag can be inhibited by oxalic acid. The expansion rate and adhesion of steel slag were investigated, and the immersion stability of steel slag and its asphalt mixture was evaluated by water erosion. By means of XRD, XRF, TG, SEM, etc., the influence mechanism of oxalic acid and water erosion on the properties of steel slag and its asphalt mixture was discussed. The results show that oxalic acid can not only inhibit the expansion of steel slag but also improve its crush resistance, with a reduction in the expansion rate of steel slag by 53%. Oxalic acid is able to leach alkaline metal elements, reducing its adhesion with asphalt. After 10 days of water erosion, the rutting stability and bending crack resistance of the treated steel slag mixture decreased by 37% and 43.2%, respectively. Calcium oxalate is generated on the surface of treated steel slag, which improves the surface compactness, effectively inhibits the expansion of steel slag caused by water erosion, and improves the performance of steel slag and its asphalt mixture. Water erosion can accelerate the hydration and shedding of calcium-containing substances on the surface of steel slag, reduce the adhesion of steel slag, and lead to degradation in the performance of steel slag and its asphalt mixture. Oxalic acid is able to effectively inhibit the expansion of steel slag, and the treated steel slag can be used as recycled aggregate in asphalt mixture, effectively solving the problems of road aggregate deficiency and environmental pollution caused by steel slag.

Evaluation of Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Obese Patiens

Obesity is a chronic disease that may be related to caries, periodontitis, xerostomia, and dental erosion, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque index (Silness & Löe, 1964), the gingival index (Löe & Silness, 1963), and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in obese patients. The study included 45 extremely obese, 45 obese, and 45 normal-weight individuals between the ages of 18 and 58. The plaque index and gingival index of the individuals were determined by clinical examination by probing. In addition, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used for the OHRQoL. The IBM SPSS Statistic 22.0 software program was used for the statistical evaluation of the study data. The plaque index and gingival index values were statistically higher in obese compared to normal weight individuals (p<0.05). Both plaque index and gingival index values were not statistically significant between the extremely obese and control groups (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the OHIP-14 total scores of the groups (p>0.05). Increased apparent plaque index and gingival index values in obese patients may adversely affect periodontal health.

Oral health status and treatment needs of soft drink factory workers of Bareilly City: A cross-sectional study

Background: General health is closely related to oral health. Communication is made simpler and a person’s dignity and individuality are enhanced by optimum dental health. The working conditions of soft drink industry employees affected their oral health. Objective: To determine the level of oral condition and treatment requirements for soft drink employees in Bareilly City. Method: 175 employees of soft drink factories participated in cross-sectional research. The individuals gave their informed consent and we received ethical approval. The 2013 WHO Oral Health Assessment Form for Adults was used to get the findings. Results: The findings indicate a higher frequency of oral health issues among soft drink industry workers, including dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal pockets, loss of attachment, fluorosis and tooth erosion. Conclusion: According to the survey, these soft drink industry employees have poor oral health and require more dental care than usual.

Non-Biological and Biological Risk Indicators for Tooth Wear Outcomes in Adults

This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence and severity of tooth wear (TW), as well as to assess non-biological and biological risk indicators for TW outcomes in adults. A cross-sectional study, adhering to the reporting STROBE guidelines, was conducted and had a convenience sample of adults ≥18 years of age who had at least one bilateral posterior molar contact. A total of 570 participants, seeking consultation at the University Hospital in Brussels, Belgium, were allocated to three age groups: 18–34 years (n = 232), 35–54 years (n = 256), and ≥55 years old (n = 79). Participants answered a self-applied questionnaire regarding sociodemographics, oral hygiene, and lifestyle behavior. The questionnaire was tested-retested (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.71). Inter-examiner reliability for clinical examinations was k = 0.76–0.80. The prevalence of TW was 75% (95% CI: 71.7–78.9). Out of these patients, 42% (95% CI: 38.0–46.3) had as the primary etiological factor the process of dental erosion, while 22% (95% CI: 18.9–25.9) and 11% (95% CI: 8.6–13.9) had the processes of dental attrition and dental abrasion, respectively. The severity of TW according to BEWE highest score was mild in 31%, moderate in 28%, and severe in 17% of participants. The hierarchical logistic regression model for the association between risk indicators and TW irrespective of the etiology was significant for age (>35–54 years: OR = 2.35 and ≥55 years: OR = 3.89; p < 0.001), gender (>male: OR = 2.03; p < 0.001), toothpaste (>sensitive teeth: OR = 2.34; p = 0.005), occlusal splint (>yes: OR = 1.62; p = 0.03), and acidic beverages (≥once per day: OR = 1.62; p = 0.044). Consumption of acidic beverages was not associated with TW having as the primary etiological factor the process of dental attrition or dental abrasion, while it was significantly associated with the process of dental erosion (>once per week: OR = 1.69; p = 0.043 and ≥once per day: OR = 1.73; p = 0.016). Medical conditions were equally associated with the latter (OR = 3.11; p < 0.001). These findings could contribute to improving the effectiveness and sustainability of awareness in contemporary adult populations. In conclusion, the prevalence and severity of TW in adults were substantial. Medical conditions and consumption of acidic beverages were risk indicators for TW having as the primary etiological factor the process of dental erosion, although associations were moderate and weak, respectively.

Calcium and fluoride interaction in human enamel at nanoscale: an XPS assessment

Objective This research aimed to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the penetration depth of fluoride ions on nanosurface enamel (30 nm). Topical fluoride application reduces acid erosion on tooth enamel, which is the main contributing factor to tooth decay and dental caries. Our goal is to study the mechanics of chemically reacting free fluoride into the CaP crystals in the enamel's first atomic layers.Materials and Methods Unerupted third molars were randomly selected, and enamel tooth samples were fragmented. Two fluoridated agents (gel and foam; APF 1.23% F ion) were used: at two application times (1 and 4 min; n-6). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was utilized to characterize the enamel nanosurface of the samples to a profile depth of 0, 10, 20, and 30 nanometers. Statistical analysis using three-way ANOVA (factors: agent, time, and depth) was performed on the results (α = 0.05)Results There was a statistically significant difference between the control and the fluorinated surfaces (p = 0). However, factor time was not significantly different (p = 0.47), and in the same way, its interaction with the factors APF agent (p = 0.16). Factor depth was significantly different (p = 2.29×10−11).The highest atomic percentage of elemental fluoride was discovered within the surface layers of enamel at a profile depth of 10 nm for both application times and either fluoridated agent. This study showed that CaF2-like is formed mainly by substituting CaOH than HAp in the first layers of enamel (30 nm depth).Conclusion This research has demonstrated that fluoride ions stay in a very superficial layer of enamel regardless of application time and or the APF agent utilized. This information is critical to understanding the demineralization and remineralization processes.

Dietary and oral hygiene patterns as risk factors for oral health in a Brazilian city without water fluoridation system

The objective was to investigate dietary and oral hygiene patterns as risk factors for dental caries, fluorosis and tooth erosion in a subsample of individuals of a population-based study in the city of João Pessoa (without water fluoridation program), Brazil. In this cross-sectional study data were collected through clinical examinations and questionnaires addressing dietary and oral hygiene habits. The clinical examination was performed by two calibrated examiners (Kappa &gt; 0.80). The sample (n = 244) was distributed among four age groups: G1 (0-13 years), G2 (14-30 years), G3 (31-54 years) and G4 (≥ 55 years). The prevalence of dental caries was high (87.4%) whereas fluorosis and erosion was low (4.1% and 6.1%, respectively). The mean DMFT index was 1.49 ± 2.19 in G1, 8.19 ± 6.10 in G2, 18.19 ± 7.00 in G3 and 25.81 ± 6.80 in G4. Significant associations were found between the DMFT index and both diet (p = 0.05) and income (p = 0.022), suggesting an associated effect of these variables. Oral hygiene was not related to dental caries experience. Cariogenic diet was related to the high DMFT index in all age groups supporting that dietary pattern was a stronger risk factor for caries experience in contrast to oral hygiene habits that no association was found.

Things Go Better With Cola? Not For Teeth

Pop-drinks are promoted aggressively for consumption and profits. Most are mixtures of phosphoric acid with (CO2) gas, sugars and flavorings. Sugar-free drinks remain acid even when flavored by synthetic sweeteners. Most have acidities (pH below 5.5) which decalcify teeth, after ingestion. Pop-drinks cause erosion decalcification without bacterial action. Caries starts as decalcification with consequent cavitation by bacterial invasion. Saliva neutralizes dietary acids within 30 minutes. Repeated sips of colas keep mouth and oral biofilm acidity low and long enough to start decalcification. Evidence of decalcification from pop-drinks are exiguous; this appraisal cites research that implicates pop-drinks, specifically colas and guarana, in causing decalcification and by extrapolation, also consequent dental erosion and tooth decay.

Silver diamine fluoride therapy for dental care.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) was developed in Japan in the 1960s. It is used to control early childhood caries, arrest root caries, prevent fissure caries and secondary caries, desensitise hypersensitive teeth, remineralise hypomineralised teeth, prevent dental erosion, detect carious tissue during excavation and manage infected root canals. SDF is commonly available as a 38% solution containing 255,000 ppm silver and 44,800 ppm fluoride ions. Silver is an antimicrobial and inhibits cariogenic biofilm. Fluoride promotes remineralisation and inhibits the demineralisation of teeth. SDF also inactivates proteolytic peptidases and inhibits dentine collagen degradation. It arrests caries without affecting dental pulp or causing dental fluorosis. Indirect pulp capping with SDF causes no or mild inflammatory pulpal response. However, direct application of SDF to dental pulp causes pulp necrosis. Furthermore, SDF stains carious lesions black. Patients must be well informed before SDF treatment. SDF therapy is simple, painless, non-invasive, inexpensive, and requires a simple armamentarium and minimal support. Both clinicians and patients generally accept it well. In 2021, the World Health Organization included SDF as an essential medicine that is effective and safe for patients. Moreover, it can be used for caries control during the COVID-19 pandemic because it is non-aerosol-generating and has a low risk of cross-infection.

The Study of Tooth Erosion Tested by the Color Digital Holography (CDH) Detection System

This study presents a color digital holography (CDH) detection system that includes the optical path and a numerical calculation program to detect tooth erosion under different acid-etching conditions. Etched cattle enamel samples were pressurized within the elastic interval, and the CDH detection system was used to rebuild the three-dimensional deformation field of these samples. Young’s modulus of these samples was employed to evaluate the mechanical properties of enamels by statistical methods. The results show that Young’s modulus of enamel decreases with the increase in etching time, while it decreases slightly with the increase in the etching temperature, and the etching temperature has no effect on the non-etched enamels. Moreover, the detection process proves the CDH detection system has the advantages of high precision, full-field detection, and being non-destructive, fast, and stable. It is expected to have broad application potential for CDH detection systems in the detection of tooth erosion.

Home Oral Care Domiciliary Protocol for the Management of Dental Erosion in Rugby Players: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

People performing regular physical activity are at high risk of dental erosion especially in cases of high sport drinks intake. Biomimetic hydroxyapatite-based oral hygiene products, like toothpastes and mouthwashes, have been investigated in recent years for their remineralizing activity on the teeth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different oral hygiene protocols, respectively consisting of the combination of a hydroxyapatite-based toothpaste plus mouthwash (Trial group) or toothpaste alone (Control Group). At baseline (T0), as well as at 15 days (T1), 30 days (T2) and 90 days (T3), the following clinical indexes were assessed: Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE), Schiff Air Index (SAI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Plaque Index (PI) and Bleeding Index (BI). In general, for all the indexes assessed, a progressive intragroup reduction was noticed from the baseline to the subsequent timepoints, with no intergroup differences. Accordingly, the use of the hydroxyapatite-based toothpaste, alone or in combination with the mouthwash containing hydroxyapatite as well, is an effective method for the domiciliary management of dental erosion in physically active individuals like rugby players.

The effect of toothpaste with reduced concentration of fluoride-containing sodium trimetaphosphate and polyols on initial enamel erosion.

This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of toothpaste containing fluoride (F), sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), and xylitol and erythritol (XE) to inhibit or repair initial enamel erosion lesions. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 120) were selected according to surface hardness (SH) and randomly divided into 5 experimental groups (n = 24 blocks/group): Placebo (no F, TMP, XE); 1100ppm F; 16% xylitol + 4% erythritol (XE); 200ppm F + 0.2% TMP (200ppm F/TMP); and 200ppm F + 0.2% TMP + 16% xylitol + 4% erythritol (200ppm F/TMP/XE). The sound and softened blocks were immersed in toothpaste slurry in human saliva for 2min. The blocks were then submitted to 4 erosive challenges in citric acid (0.75%, pH 3.5), each challenge for 1min, with stirring. The SH of the blocks was determined after treatment (t) and after the 4 erosive challenges. In addition, the precipitates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Variables were submitted to a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by a Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). Toothpaste containing 200ppm F/TMP/XE led to the highest protective and repair effect compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). The protective and repair effect was XE > 200ppm F/TMP > 1100ppm F > placebo (p < 0.001). All groups produced precipitates with a thicker layer for XE and TMP groups. Toothpaste containing 200ppm F, TMP, and polyols demonstrated a superior protective and repair effect in initial enamel erosive lesions in vitro. Toothpaste containing F and polyols could be an advantage in patients affected by dental erosion, due to its higher preventive potential, mainly in individuals who frequently drink acidic beverages. However, future studies are needed to confirm these results.

CORNELIA DE LANGE SYNDROME IN A CHILD ASSOCIATED WITH RIGA-FEDE ULCER: CASE REPORT

Cornelia de Lange (CdLs) is a rare syndrome with multisystemic manifestations and frequent dental problems that can include the presence of micrognathia, delayed eruption, dental erosion, and self-mutilation of the tongue. A female patient, 2 years and 4 months old, attended a dental clinic for patients with special needs, with CdLs, with traumatic injury on the ventral surface of the tongue known as Riga-Fede ulcer, associated with the eruption of teeth 71 and 81. Examination of the oral mucous membranes showed a hyperplastic, pediculated, ulcerated lesion on the ventral tongue, and the diagnostic hypothesis of the injury was Riga-Fede disease. Due to the large hyperplasia of the sublingual tissue and the presence of hardened edges, an excisional biopsy of the lesion was planned, with the objective of performing differential diagnosis of the wound. Removal of the lesion resulted in improvements in the patient's diet and irritability and quality of life.